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An evolutionary perspective on conf.ict and compensation in physiological and f.nctional traits

Current Zoology 2014年第6期60卷 755-767页

作者： jerry f. husak Simon R LAILVAUX Department of.Biology University of St. Thomas 2115 Summit Avenue St Paul MN 55105 USA Department of.Biological Sciences University of New Orleans 2000 Lakeshore Drive New Orleans LA 70148 USA

Physiological and f.nctional traits, especially those related to behavior and whole-organism perf.rmance capacities, are subject to a variety of.both parallel and opposing natural and sexual selection pressures. These selection pressures show considerable interspecif.c variation, shaping contemporary behavioral and f.nctional diversity, but the f.rm and intensity of.selection on physiological and f.nctional traits can also vary intraspecif.cally. The same suites of.traits can experience quite dif.erent se- lection pressures, depending on the sex or age of.a given individual, as well as the presence and nature of.alternative reproductive strategies and tactics. These inter- and intra-locus genetic conf.icts have potentially important consequences f.r the evolutionary trajectories of.traits subject to them. Consequently, any intraspecif.c conf.icts which could displace traits f.om their selective op- tima in certain classes of.individuals relative to others are expected to result in selection f.r mechanisms to compensate f.r devia- tion f.om those optima. Such conf.icts include interlocus sexual conf.ict, intralocus sexual conf.ict, and interacting phenotypes, as well as conf.ict within a sex. In this paper, we consider the evidence f.r, and implications of. such conf.icts f.r physiological and f.nctional traits in diverse taxa, including both vertebrates and invertebrates, and evaluate the various mechanisms, ranging f.om behavioral and mechanical to energetic and genetic, enabling compensation. We also discuss how pre- and post-mating conf.icts, as well as interacting phenotypes, might af.ect the evolution of.behavior and physiological and f.nctional traits. Investigators that seek to understand the links among behavior, morphology, physiology, and f.nction should consider such conf.icts.

关键词： Sexual Conf.ict Compensation Sexual Selection Whole-organism Perf.rmance

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