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Changes of tropical cyclone size in three oceanic basins of the northern hemisphere from 2001 to 2021

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第2期18卷 312-323页

作者： Banglin ZHANG jeremy Cheuk-Hin LEUNG Shengyuan LIU Jianjun XU Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction CMAGuangzhou 510640China College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020China College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China CMA-GdOU Joint Laboratory for Marine Meteorology&South China Sea Institute of Marine Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China

In this study the changes of tropical cyclone(TC)size from 2001 to 2021 are analyzed based on linear and quadratic curve fittings of the National Hurricane Center(NHC)/Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC)best track data,based on the radius of maximum wind(RMW)and the average radius of 34-kt wind(AR34),in three oceanic basins of the North Atlantic(NATL),the Western North Pacific(WPAC)and the Eastern North Pacific(EPAC).The computations are done separately for two categories of tropical cyclones:tropical storms(TS)and hurricanes(HT).Size changes of landfalling and non-landfalling TCs are also *** show that there is a great inter-basin variability among the changes in TC *** conclusions include:1)overall,the inner cores of TSs have become larger in all three basins,with the increasing tendencies being significant in the NATL and WAPC,while those of HTs mostly get smaller or remain similar;2)meanwhile,comparatively large inter-basin differences are observed for the TC outer core sizes,and the sizes of landfalling TCs;3)particularly,a significant decrease in landfalling HT outer core size is observed over the EPAC;4)in contrast,significant increases in landfalling TS inner core size are found over the NATL and *** presented analysis results could benefit future research about TC forecasts,storm surge studies,and the cyclone climate and its changes.

关键词： tropical cyclone storm size frequency intensity duration

Clinical gait analysis in older children with autism spectrum disorder

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第2期6卷 154-158页

作者： Xinye Wu d.clark dickin Laura Bassette Caroline Ashton He Wang School of Kinesiology Ball State UniversityMuncieINUSA department of Special Education Ball State UniversityMuncieINUSA

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder(ASd)often exhibit motor deficits that increase their risk of *** is a lack of understanding regarding gait biomechanics demonstrated by older children with *** purpose of the study was to determine differences in gait patterns between older children with ASd and typically developing *** children with ASd and 11 age-and gender-matched typically developing children were recruited for the *** walked on a force-instrumented treadmill at a constant speed(1.1 m/s-1.2 m/s)for five minutes(min).Participants performed maximal voluntary contractions to assess their knee muscular *** between individuals with ASd and matched control participants were examined through paired t-tests with a significance level of p*** with ASd demonstrated a smaller knee extensor torque compared to controls(p=0.002).Participants with ASd exhibited a shorter stride length(p=0.04),a greater cadence(p=0.03),and a higher variation in stride width(p=0.04)compared to control *** individuals with ASd experienced a greater braking ground reaction force(p=0.03)during loading *** results indicate older children with ASd develop a unique gait pattern signified by a reduced stride length,increased cadence,and an increase of variation in stride *** unique gait pattern may represent a movement strategy used by the individuals with ASd to compensate for the weakness associated with their knee extensor *** with ASd who demonstrate these unique gait deviations may face reduced postural stability and an increased risk of fall-related injuries.

关键词： Autism spectrum disorder Gait analysis Knee strength Gait development Older children

Scalable orthogonal delay-division multiplexed OEO artificial neural network trained for TI-AdC equalization

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 85-105页

作者： ANdREA ZAZZI ARKA dIPTA dAS LUKAS HüSSEN RENATO NEGRA jeremy WITZENS Institute of Integrated Photonics RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany Chair of High-Frequency Electronics RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany

We propose a new signaling scheme for on-chip optical-electrical-optical artificial neural networks that utilizes orthogonal delay-division multiplexing and pilot-tone-based self-homodyne *** scheme offers a more efficient scaling of the optical power budget with increasing network *** simulations,based on220 nm silicon-on-insulator silicon photonics technology,suggest that the network can support 31×31 neurons,with 961 links and freely programmable weights,using a single 500 m W optical comb and a signal-to-noise ratio of 21.3 d B per ***,it features a low sensitivity to temperature fluctuations,ensuring that it can be operated outside of a laboratory *** demonstrate the network’s effectiveness in nonlinear equalization tasks by training it to equalize a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter(AdC)architecture,achieving an effective number of bits over 4 over the entire 75 GHz AdC *** anticipate that this network architecture will enable broadband and low latency nonlinear signal processing in practical settings such as ultra-broadband data converters and real-time control systems.

关键词： network delay artificial

Elucidating regulatory processes of intense physical activity by multi-omics analysis

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Military Medical Research 2024年第4期11卷 479-499页

作者： Ernesto S.Nakayasu Marina A.Gritsenko Young-Mo Kim Jennifer E.Kyle Kelly G.Stratton Carrie d.Nicora Nathalie Munoz Kathleen M.Navarro daniel Claborne Yuqian Gao Karl K.Weitz Vanessa L.Paurus Kent J.Bloodsworth Kelsey A.Allen Lisa M.Bramer Fernando Montes Kathleen A.clark Grant Tietje Justin Teeguarden Kristin E.Burnum-Johnson Biological Sciences division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Environmental and Molecular Sciences division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Centers for disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthWestern States DivisionDenverCO 80204USA Computational Analytics division Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA National Security directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA Los Angeles County Fire department Los AngelesCA 90063USA Centers for disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthRespiratory Health DivisionMorgantownWV 26505USA Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Background:Physiological and biochemical processes across tissues of the body are regulated in response to the high demands of intense physical activity in several occupations,such as firefighting,law enforcement,military,and sports.A better understanding of such processes can ultimately help improve human performance and prevent illnesses in the work ***:To study regulatory processes in intense physical activity simulating real-life conditions,we performed a multi-omics analysis of 3 biofluids(blood plasma,urine,and saliva)collected from 11 wildland firefighters before and after a 45 min,intense exercise *** profiles ***-exercise were compared by Student’s t-test followed by pathway analysis and comparison between the different omics ***:Our multi-omics analysis identified and quantified 3835 proteins,730 lipids and 182 metabolites combining the 3 different types of *** blood plasma analysis revealed signatures of tissue damage and acute repair response accompanied by enhanced carbon metabolism to meet energy *** urine analysis showed a strong,concomitant regulation of 6 out of 8 identified proteins from the renin-angiotensin system supporting increased excretion of catabolites,reabsorption of nutrients and maintenance of fluid *** saliva,we observed a decrease in 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in 8 antimicrobial peptides.A systematic literature review identified 6 papers that support an altered susceptibility to respiratory ***:This study shows simultaneous regulatory signatures in biofluids indicative of homeostatic maintenance during intense physical activity with possible effects on increased infection susceptibility,suggesting that caution against respiratory diseases could benefit workers on highly physical demanding jobs.

关键词： Multi-omics analysis Intense exercise Human performance Biofluids Metabolism Immunity

Highly toxic Aβ begets more Aβ

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1871-1872页

作者： Merc M.Kemeh Noel d.Lazo Gustaf H.Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Clark UniversityWorcesterMAUSA

Alzheimer’s disease(Ad)is the most common form of dementia-the 7th leading cause of death *** the tissue level,Ad is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques that are comprised primarily of the amyloid-βpeptide(Aβ),and by intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles composed of *** genetics of early-onset Ad and longitudinal brain-imaging studies of late-onset Ad indicate that extracellular Aβdeposition,in general,precedes neurofibrillary tangle formation in neurons(Hampel et al.,2021;Young-Pearse et al.,2023).

关键词： Aβ tau Alzheimer death

Management of patients with a short bowel

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第6期7卷 741-751页

作者： jeremy M d Nightingale Consultant Gastroenterologist Gastroenterology CentreLeicester Royal InfirmaryUnited Kingdom

There are two common types of adult patient with a short bowel, those with jejunum in continuity with a functioning colon and those with a jejunostomy. Both groups have potential problems of undernutrition, but this is a greater problem in those without a colon, as they do not derive energy from anaerobic bacterial fermentation of carbohydrate to short chain fatty acids in the colon. Patients with a jejunostomy have major problems of dehydration, sodium and magnesium depletion all due to a large volume of stomal output. Both types of patient have lost at least 60 cm of terminal ileum and so will become deficient of vitamin B(12). Both groups have a high prevalence of gallstones (45%) resulting from periods of biliary stasis. Patients with a retained colon have a 25% chance of developing calcium oxalate renal stones and they may have problems with d(-) lactic acidosis. The survival of patients with a short bowel, even if they need long-term parenteral nutrition, is good.

关键词： Colon digestive System Humans Jejunostomy Nutrition disorders Risk Factors Short Bowel Syndrome

For cancers there is more to life than a longer G-strand

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第6期12卷 779-782页

作者： jeremy d. Henson Children＇s Medical Research Institute Sydney NSW 2154 Australia University of Sydney NSW 2154 Australia

Three recent studies from the Wright [1], Chai [2] and de Lange [3] labs have elucidated previously neglected aspects of cancer cell telomere maintenance. Because inhibiting telomere maintenance can selectively kill cancer cells without harming normal cells [4, 5], this new understanding of the mechanism and dynamics involved may provide useful new strategies for treating cancer. Until recently,

关键词： Maintenance Cancer (genus) Neoplasms Cells Lymphocytes

Recovery rates of persistent post-COVId-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： jeremy P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacobson Brandon J.Vilarello Tiana M.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.Gallagher Joseph B.Gary david A.Gudis Paule V.Joseph d.P.devanand Terry E.Goldberg Jonathan B.Overdevest Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(Od)following loss of smell associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent Od predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory *** studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent Od beyond a window of acute *** anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of *** study aims to quantify the degree of persistent Od in post-COVId-19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical ***:We grouped participants presenting for Od evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year time *** had confirmed a history of COVId-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not ***:Baseline olfactory evaluation was completed by 122 participants,53 of whom completed the 1-year follow-up *** participants presenting with perceived Od,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical Od at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year *** had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both time *** total threshold,discrimination,and identification(TdI)score improved by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical Od(p=0.0005),with this improvement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:Od persists in a significant number of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVId-19,with many demonstrating lingering deficits at *** in threshold,but not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate improvement

关键词： long COVId olfaction post-COVId condition smell dysfunction

Perinatal Listeria monocytogenes susceptibility despite preconceptual priming and maintenance of pathogen-specific Cd8^＋ T cells during pregnancy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第6期11卷 595-605页

作者： dayna R clark Vandana Chaturvedi jeremy M Kinder Tony T Jiang Lijun Xin James M Ertelt Sing Sing Way division of Infectious diseases Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH USA

Listeria monocytogenes （Lm） is an intracellular bacterium with unique predisposition for systemic maternal infection during pregnancy and morbid consequences for the developing fetus. Given the high mortality associated with prenatal Lm infection, strategies for augmenting protective immunity during the exceedingly vulnerable period of pregnancy are urgently needed. Herein, protection conferred by attenuated Lm administered before pregnancy against subsequent virulent Lm prenatal infection was evaluated. We show that protection against secondary Lm infection in non-pregnant mice is sharply moderated during allogeneic pregnancy because significantly more bacteria are recovered from maternal tissues, despite the numerical and functional preservation of pathogen-specific Cd8^＋ T cells. More importantly, preconceptual priming does not protect against in utero invasion or fetal wastage because mice inoculated with attenuated Lm prior to pregnancy and naive pregnant controls each showed near complete fetal resorption and pathogen recovery from individual concepti after Lm infection during pregnancy. Remarkably, the lack of protection against prenatal Lm infection with preconceptual priming in allogeneic pregnancy is restored during syngeneic pregnancy. Thus, maternal-fetal antigen discordance dictates the ineffectiveness of preconceptual vaccination against fetal complications after prenatal Lm infection, despite the numerical and functional preservation of pathogen-snecific Cd8^＋ T cells.

关键词： adaptive immunity Listeria monocytogenes perinatal infection preconceptual vaccination