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Review and synthesis of the effects of climate change on amphibians

Integrative Zoology 2013年第2期8卷 145-161页

作者： Yiming LI jeremy m.cohen Jason R.ROHR Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Integrative Biology University of South FloridaTampaFLUSA

Considerable progress has been made in understanding the responses of amphibians to climate change,with successful research carried out on climate change-associated shifts in amphibian phenology,elevational distributions and amphibian-parasite *** review and synthesize the literature on this topic,emphasizing acutely lethal,sublethal,indirect and positive effects of climate change on amphibians,and major research *** instance,evidence is lacking on poleward shifts in amphibian distributions and on changes in body sizes and morphologies of amphibians in response to climate *** have limited information on amphibian thermal tolerances,thermal preferences,dehydration breaths,opportunity costs of water conserving behaviors and actual temperature and moisture ranges amphibians *** when much of this information is available,there remains little evidence that climate change is acutely lethal to *** suggests that if climate change is contributing to declines,it might be through effects that are not acutely lethal,indirect,or both,but evidence in support of this suggestion is *** fact,evidence that climate change is directly contributing to amphibian declines is weak,partly because researchers have not often ruled out alternative hypotheses,such as chytrid fungus or climate-fungus ***,we recommend that amphibian-climate research shift from primarily inductive,correlational approach as to studies that evaluate alternative hypotheses for *** additional rigor will require interdisciplinary collaborations,estimates of costs and benefits of climate change to amphibian fitness and populations,and the integration of correlative field studies,experiments on‘model’amphibian species,and mathematical and functional,physiological models.

关键词： amphibian decline Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis breeding date climate-linked epidemic hypothesis global warming

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motion of charged particles in bright squeezed vacuum

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 347-353页

作者： matan Even Tzur Oren cohen Solid State Institute and Physics Department Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel

The motion of laser-driven electrons quivers with an average energy termed pondermotive *** explore electron dynamics driven by bright squeezed vacuum(BSV),finding that BSV induces width oscillations,akin to electron quivering in laser light,with an equivalent ponderomotive *** identify closed and open trajectories of the electronic width that are associated with high harmonic generation and above-threshold ionization,respectively,similarly to trajectories of the electron position when its motion is driven by coherent *** the case of bound electrons,the width oscillations may lead to ionization with noisy sub-cycle *** results are foundational for strong-field and free-electron quantum optics,as they shed light on ionization,high harmonic generation,and nonlinear Compton scattering in BSV.

关键词： structure vacuum ionization

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Scalable orthogonal delay-division multiplexed OEO artificial neural network trained for TI-ADC equalization

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 85-105页

作者： ANDREA ZAZZI ARKA DIPTA DAS LUKAS HüSSEN RENATO NEGRA jeremy WITZENS Institute of Integrated Photonics RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany Chair of High-Frequency Electronics RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany

We propose a new signaling scheme for on-chip optical-electrical-optical artificial neural networks that utilizes orthogonal delay-division multiplexing and pilot-tone-based self-homodyne *** scheme offers a more efficient scaling of the optical power budget with increasing network *** simulations,based on220 nm silicon-on-insulator silicon photonics technology,suggest that the network can support 31×31 neurons,with 961 links and freely programmable weights,using a single 500 m W optical comb and a signal-to-noise ratio of 21.3 d B per ***,it features a low sensitivity to temperature fluctuations,ensuring that it can be operated outside of a laboratory *** demonstrate the network’s effectiveness in nonlinear equalization tasks by training it to equalize a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter(ADC)architecture,achieving an effective number of bits over 4 over the entire 75 GHz ADC *** anticipate that this network architecture will enable broadband and low latency nonlinear signal processing in practical settings such as ultra-broadband data converters and real-time control systems.

关键词： network delay artificial

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Utilization of RNA sequencing to investigate olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps:A pilot study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： Jorge A.Gutierrez III jeremy L.Barth Rodney J.Schlosser Thomas S.Edwards Timothy L.Smith Zachary m.Soler Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Regenerative medicine&Cell Biology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objectives:Prior research on olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)has focused on patients with polyps and suggests that direct inflammation of the olfactory cleft mucosa plays a contributory *** purpose of this study was to evaluate gene expression in superior turbinate mucosal specimens,comparing normosmic and dysosmic CRS patients without polyps(CRSsNP).methods:Tissue samples were obtained from the superior turbinates of patients with CRSsNP at the time of endoscopic sinus *** subsequently underwent RNA sequencing and functional analysis to investigate biological pathways associated with differentially expressed genes between dysosmic(n=7)and normosmic(n=4)***:Differential gene expression analysis comparing dysosmic and normosmic CRSsNP patients showed upregulation of 563 genes and downregulation of 327 *** stringent criteria for multiple comparisons,one upregulated gene(Immediate Early Response 3[IER3])had an false discovery rate(FDR)correction adjustedP value considered statistically significant(Pme functional analysis revealed eight biological pathways significantly different between dysosmic and normosmic patients(Pmation regarding biological pathways and genes involved in olfactory *** study supports literature suggesting that Type 2 inflammation may play a role in olfactory dysfunction in at least some patients with *** study also prompts questions regarding the role of IL-10,rhodopsin-like receptors,andIER3 in the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps olfactory dysfunction RNA sequencing

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聆听回声,感知历史:音乐离散者的挑战

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音乐探索 2024年第3期 132-144页

作者：朱达·m.科恩程瑜瑶新加坡国立大学中文系中山大学中文系浙江大学城市学院人文学院

本文为麦科勒姆、赫伯特主编的《历史音乐人类学的理论与方法》的第四章.本文的主题离散的范式强烈地唤起了身份认同,这超越了民族主义的学术局限,并能够与后现代理论结构巧妙兼容.对人类学家、政治学家、历史学家和文化理论家来说,离... 详细信息

本文为麦科勒姆、赫伯特主编的《历史音乐人类学的理论与方法》的第四章.本文的主题离散的范式强烈地唤起了身份认同,这超越了民族主义的学术局限,并能够与后现代理论结构巧妙兼容.对人类学家、政治学家、历史学家和文化理论家来说,离散一直着散发无尽魅力,有助于理解迁徙和离散问题,也为探索人们如何保持多点在场观念提供了出发点.作者通过关注离散理论的两个代表群体——犹太及美籍非裔移民群体——之间的音乐交流,探讨离散话语所涉及的历史、音乐和离散族群的挑战等一些意义和内涵.

关键词：《历史音乐人类学的理论与方法》离散与音乐身份认同族群与音乐

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Recovery rates of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： jeremy P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacobson Brandon J.Vilarello Tiana m.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.Gallagher Joseph B.Gary David A.Gudis Paule V.Joseph D.P.Devanand Terry E.Goldberg Jonathan B.Overdevest Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(OD)following loss of smell associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent OD predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory *** studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD beyond a window of acute *** anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of *** study aims to quantify the degree of persistent OD in post-COVID-19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical ***:We grouped participants presenting for OD evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year time *** had confirmed a history of COVID-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not ***:Baseline olfactory evaluation was completed by 122 participants,53 of whom completed the 1-year follow-up *** participants presenting with perceived OD,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical OD at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year *** had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both time *** total threshold,discrimination,and identification(TDI)score improved by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical OD(p=0.0005),with this improvement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:OD persists in a significant number of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVID-19,with many demonstrating lingering deficits at *** in threshold,but not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate improvement

关键词： long COVID olfaction post-COVID condition smell dysfunction

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Inorganic arsenic： A non-genotoxic carcinogen

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 28-37页

作者： Samuel m.cohen Aparajita Chowdhury Lora L.Arnold Department of Pathology and microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198-3135 USA.

Inorganic arsenic induces a variety of toxicities including cancer. The mode of action for cancer and non-cancer effects involves the metabolic generation of trivalent arsenicals and their reaction with sulfhydryl groups within critical proteins in various cell types which leads to the biological response. In epithelial cells, the response is cell death with consequent regenerative proliferation. If this continues for a long period of time, it can result in an increased risk of cancer. Arsenicals do not react with DNA. There is evidence for indirect genotoxicity in various in vitro and in vivo systems, but these involve exposures at cytotoxic concentrations and are not the basis for cancer development. The resulting markers of genotoxicity could readily be due to the cytotoxicity rather than an effect on the DNA itself. Evidence for genotoxicity in humans has involved detection of chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes and micronucleus formation in lymphocytes, buccal mucosal cells, and exfoliated urothelial cells in the urine. Numerous difficulties have been identified in the interpretation of such results, including inadequate assessment of exposure to arsenic, measurement of micronuclei, and potential confounding factors such as tobacco exposure, folate deficiency, and others. Overall, the data strongly supports a non-linear dose response for the effects of inorganic arsenic. In various in vitro and in vivo models and in human epidemiology studies there appears to be a threshold for biological responses, including cancer.

关键词： Arsenic Cancer Genotoxicity Cytotoxicity Regeneration Cell proliferation

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Superior antibody and membrane protein‑specific T‑cell responses to CoronaVac by intradermal versus intramuscular routes in adolescents

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 353-370页

作者： Jaime S.Rosa Duque Samuel m.S.Cheng Carolyn A.cohen Daniel Leung Xiwei Wang Xiaofeng mu Yuet Chung Tsun ming Lau manni Wang Wenyue Zhang Yanmei Zhang Howard H.W.Wong Leo C.H.Tsang Sara Chaothai Tsz Chun Kwan John K.C.Li Karl C.K.Chan Leo L.H.Luk Jenson C.H.Ho Wing Yan Li Amos m.T.Lee Jennifer H.Y.Lam Sau man Chan Wilfred H.S.Wong Issan Y.S.Tam masashi mori Sophie A.Valkenburg malik Peiris Wenwei Tu Yu Lung Lau Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina HKU‑Pasteur Research Pole School of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichiJapan Department of microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infectionand ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Center for Immunology and Infection C2i Hong KongChina

Background Optimising the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines to improve their protection against disease is *** dosing by intradermal(ID)administration has been shown to be equally immunogenic as intramuscular(Im)administration for several vaccines,but the immunogenicity of ID inactivated whole severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)at the full dose is *** study(NCT04800133)investigated the superiority of antibody and T-cell responses of full-dose CoronaVac by ID over Im administration in *** Participants aged 11–17 years received two doses of Im or ID vaccine,followed by the 3rd dose 13–42 days *** and cellular immunogenicity outcomes were measured post-dose 2(Im-CC versus ID-CC)and post-dose 3(ImCCC versus ID-CCC).Doses 2 and 3 were administered to 173 and 104 adolescents,*** Spike protein(S)immunoglobulin G(IgG),S-receptor-binding domain(RBD)IgG,S IgG Fcγreceptor IIIa(FcγRIIIa)-binding,SNm[sum of individual(S),nucleocapsid protein(N),and membrane protein(m)peptide pool]-specific interleukin-2(IL-2)+CD4^(+),SNm-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),S-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)and m-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+)responses fulfilled the superior and non-inferior criteria for ID-CC compared to Im-CC,whereas IgG avidity was *** ID-CCC,S-RBD IgG,surrogate virus neutralisation test,90%plaque reduction neutralisation titre(PRNT90),PRNT50,S IgG avidity,S IgG FcγRIIIa-binding,m-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),interferon-γ+CD8^(+)and IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)responses were superior and non-inferior to *** estimated vaccine efficacies were 49%,52%,66%and 79%for Im-CC,ID-CC,Im-CCC and ID-CCC,*** ID groups reported more local,mild adverse *** This is the first study to demonstrate superior antibody and m-specific T-cell responses by ID inactivated SARSCoV-2 vaccination and serves as the basis for future research to improve the

关键词： CoronaVac Coronavirus disease 2019 Immunity Intradermal Vaccine

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mode of action for inorganic arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第11期59卷 1078-1082页

作者： Puttappa R.Dodmane Lora L.Arnold Samuel m.cohen Department of Pathology and microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center983135 Nebraska Medical Center

Inorganic arsenic(iAs) at high doses is a known human carcinogen, inducing tumors of the skin,urinary bladder, and lung. It is also associated with noncancer toxicities. An understanding of the mode of action(mOA) for arsenic-induced effects is needed to develop a scientifically-based risk assessment. To determine an mOA for iAs induced toxicities, it is necessary to understand the metabolism, kinetics, cell transport, and interaction with specific proteins of iAs. Based on in vitro investigations using animal and human cells, studies from animal models,and clinical and epidemiological studies, we have proposed an mOA involving formation of sufficient levels of reactive trivalent metabolites which interact with critical free sulfhydryl groups, leading to cytotoxicity and regenerative cell proliferation. There is a strong correlation between in vitro cytotoxicity([0.1 lmol/L trivalent arsenicals) and the no effect levels in rodents [approximately 1 ppm(1 ppm = 1 mg/L) of water or diet]. In epithelial target tissues, the cytotoxic effects of iAs result in chronic precursor lesions which have the potential for an increased risk of developing cancer. In non-epithelial tissues, noncancer toxicities such as hypertension and atherosclerosis develop. This mOA implies a non-linear, threshold dose–response relationship for both non-cancer and cancer end points of exposure to iAs.

关键词：体外细胞毒性致癌作用无机砷诱导效应会计准则氧化锌避雷器上皮组织动脉粥样硬化

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Incidence of urinary incontinence following endoscopic laser enucleation of the prostate by en-bloc and non-en-bloc techniques:a multicenter,real-world experience of 5068 patients

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 233-238页

作者： Daniele Castellani Vineet Gauhar Khi Yung Fong mario Sofer moisés Rodríguez Socarrás Azimdjon N Tursunkulov Lie Kwok Ying Sarvajit Biligere Ho Yee Tiong Dean Elterman Abhay mahajan mark Taratkin Sorokin Nikolai Ivanovich Tanuj Pal Bhatia Dmitry Enikeev Nariman Gadzhiev mohammed Taif Bendigeri jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh marco Dellabella Fernando Gómez Sancha Bhaskar Kumar Somani Thomas Reinhard William Herrmann Urology Unit IRCCS INRCAAncona 60127Italy Urology Unit Marche University HospitalLe Marche Polytechnic UniversityAncona 60126Italy Department of Urology Ng Teng Fong General HospitalSingapore 609606Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Department of Urology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterAffiliated to the Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6423906Israel Department of Urology and Robotic Surgery ICUA-Clínica CEMTROMadrid 28701Spain Urology Division Akfa Medline HospitalTashkent 100211Uzbekistan Advanced Urology Gleneagles HospitalSingapore 258499Singapore Department of Urology National University HospitalSingapore 119228Singapore Divisionof Urology Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoOntarioToronto M5G 2C4Canada Department of Urology Mahatma Gandhi Mission’s Medical College and HospitalAurangabad 431003India Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health Sechenov UniversityMoscow119435Russian Federation Department of Urologyand Andrology Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119992Russian Federation Department of Urology Sarvodaya Hospital and Research CentreFaridabadHaryana 121006India Department of Urology Medical University of ViennaVienna 1090Austria Department of Urology Saint-Petersburg State University HospitalSaint-Petersburg 199034Russian Federation Department of Urology Asian Institute of Nephrology and UrologyHyderabad 500082India S.H.Ho UrologyCentre Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 96H2+Q9China Department of Urology University Hospitals Southampton NHS TrustSouthampton SO166YDUnited Kingdom Department of Urology Cantonal Hospital Thurgau AGFraunfeld 8500Switzerland

We aim to evaluate the incidence of incontinence following laser endoscopic enucleation of the prostate(EEP)comparing en-bloc(Group 1)versus 2-lobe/3-lobe techniques(Group 2).We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing EEP for benign prostaticenlargement in 12 centers between January 2020 and January *** were presented as median and interquartile range(IQR).Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with stress urinary incontinence(SUI)and mixed urinary incontinence(mUI).There were 1711 patients in Group 1 and 3357 patients in Group *** in Group 2were significantly younger(68[62–73]years vs 69[63–74]years,P=0.002).median(interquartile range)prostate volume(PV)wassimilar between the groups(70[52–92]ml in Group 1 vs 70[54–90]ml in Group 2,P=0.774).There was no difference in preoperativeInternational Prostate Symptom Score,quality of life,or maximum flow ***,morcellation,and total surgical time weresignificantly shorter in Group *** 1 month,overall incontinence rate was 6.3%in Group 1 versus 5.3%in Group 2(P=0.12),and urge incontinence was significantly higher in Group 1(55.1%vs 37.3%in Group 2,Pmonths,the overall rate ofincontinence was 1.7%in Group 1 versus 2.3%in Group 2(P=0.06),and SUI was significantly higher in Group 2(55.6%vs 24.1%in Group 1,P=0.002).At multivariable analysis,PV and IPSS were factors significantly associated with higher odds of transient SUI/***,surgical time,and no early apical release technique were factors associated with higher odds of persistent SUI/mUI.

关键词： benign prostatic hyperplasia en-bloc enucleation endoscopic enucleation of the prostate laser therapy stress urinaryincontinence urge urinary incontinence

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