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management of patients with a short bowel

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第6期7卷 741-751页

作者： jeremy m d.nightingale Consultant Gastroenterologist Gastroenterology CentreLeicester Royal InfirmaryUnited Kingdom

There are two common types of adult patient with a short bowel, those with jejunum in continuity with a functioning colon and those with a jejunostomy. Both groups have potential problems of undernutrition, but this is a greater problem in those without a colon, as they do not derive energy from anaerobic bacterial fermentation of carbohydrate to short chain fatty acids in the colon. Patients with a jejunostomy have major problems of dehydration, sodium and magnesium depletion all due to a large volume of stomal output. Both types of patient have lost at least 60 cm of terminal ileum and so will become deficient of vitamin B(12). Both groups have a high prevalence of gallstones (45%) resulting from periods of biliary stasis. Patients with a retained colon have a 25% chance of developing calcium oxalate renal stones and they may have problems with d(-) lactic acidosis. The survival of patients with a short bowel, even if they need long-term parenteral nutrition, is good.

关键词： Colon digestive System Humans Jejunostomy Nutrition disorders Risk Factors Short Bowel Syndrome

Recovery rates of persistent post-COVId-19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment:A longitudinal cohort study

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 79-87页

作者： jeremy P.Tervo Patricia T.Jacobson Brandon J.Vilarello Tiana m.Saak Francesco F.Caruana Liam W.Gallagher Joseph B.Gary david A.Gudis Paule V.Joseph d.P.devanand Terry E.Goldberg Jonathan B.Overdevest Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons New YorkNew YorkUSA department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism&National Institute of Nursing ResearchBethesdaMarylandUSA New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving medical Center New YorkNew YorkUSA

Objectives:Persistent olfactory dysfunction(Od)following loss of smell associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major feature of long *** on the prevalence of persistent Od predominantly rely on self-reported olfactory *** studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent Od beyond a window of acute *** anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of *** study aims to quantify the degree of persistent Od in post-COVId-19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical ***:We grouped participants presenting for Od evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin'Sticks extended test at baseline and 1-year time *** had confirmed a history of COVId-19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not ***:Baseline olfactory evaluation was completed by 122 participants,53 of whom completed the 1-year follow-up *** participants presenting with perceived Od,74.5%had confirmed psychophysical Od at baseline,with 55.1%at 1-year *** had reliable trends in self-rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both time *** total threshold,discrimination,and identification(TdI)score improved by+3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical Od(p=0.0005),with this improvement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores(+2.75 points;p=0.0004).Conclusions:Od persists in a significant number of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVId-19,with many demonstrating lingering deficits at *** in threshold,but not discrimination or identification,most significantly mediate improvement

关键词： long COVId olfaction post-COVId condition smell dysfunction

Strong, lightweight, and highly conductive CNT/Au/Cu wires from sputtering and electroplating methods

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2020年第5期40卷 99-106页

作者： Thang Q.Tran jeremy Kong Yoong Lee Amutha Chinnappan W.A.d.m.Jayathilaka dongxiao Ji Vishnu Vijay Kumar Seeram Ramakrishna department of mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1EA-07-05Singapore 117575Singapore

In this study, we present a 2-step deposition method via sputtering and electroplating that uses carbon nanotube(CNT) wires synthesized from a wet-spinning technique to produce high-performance CNT/Au/Cu composite wires. After the Au sputtering pre-treatment, the deposition of Cu on the CNT wires was found to be much more homogeneous due to improved wettability and reactivity of the wire surface. At different electrodeposition time, the mechanical strength of the CNT/Au/Cu composite wires could be as high as 0.74 GPa(~2 times stronger than metal wires) while their electrical conductivity could reach 4.65 × 10~5 S/cm(~80% of that for copper). more importantly, the CNT/Au/Cu composite wires with high CNT volume fraction are expected to be lightweight(up to 42% lower than Cu mass density), suggesting that our high-performance composite wires are a promising candidate to substitute conventional heavy metal wires in the future applications.

关键词： Carbon nanotube wires Sputtering Electrical conductivity Electrodeposition

Expanding plant genome-editing scope by an engineered iSpymacCas9 system that targets A-rich PAm sequences

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Plant Communications 2021年第2期2卷 78-88页

作者： Simon Sretenovic desuo Yin Adam Levav jeremy d.Selengut Stephen m.mount Yiping Qi department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan 430064China montgomery Blair High School Silver SpringMD 20901USA Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA department of Cell Biology and molecular Genetics University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research University of MarylandRockvilleMD 20850USA

The most popular CRISPR-SpCas9 systemrecognizes canonical NGG protospacer adjacent motifs(PAms).Previously engineered SpCas9 variants,such as Cas9-NG,favor G-rich PAms in genome *** this manuscript,we describe a new plant genome-editing system based on a hybrid iSpymacCas9 platform that allows for targeted mutagenesis,C to T base editing,and A to G base editing at A-rich *** study fills amajor technology gap in the CRISPR-Cas9 system for editing NAAR PAms in plants,which greatly expands the targeting scope of ***,our vector systems are fully compatible with Gateway cloning and will work with all existing single-guide RNA expression systems,facilitating easy adoption of the systems by *** anticipate that more tools,such as prime editing,homology-directed repair,CRISPR interference,and CRISPR activation,will be further developed based on our promising iSpymac-Cas9 platform.

关键词： plant genome editing iSpymacCas9 PAm cytosine base editing adenine base editing

damage Curves derived from Hurricane Ike in the West of Galveston Bay Based on Insurance Claims and Hydrodynamic Simulations

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2023年第6期14卷 932-946页

作者： Chaoran Xu Benjamin T.Nelson-mercer jeremy d.Bricker meri davlasheridze Ashley d.Ross Jianjun Jia State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Marine SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA department of marine and Coastal Environmental Science Texas A&M University at GalvestonGalvestonTX 77553USA Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology2628 CN DelftThe Netherlands

Hurricane Ike,which struck the United States in September 2008,was the ninth most expensive hurricane in terms of *** caused nearly USd 30 billion in damage after making landfall on the Bolivar Peninsula,*** used the delft3dFm/SWAN hydrodynamic and spectral wave model to simulate the storm surge inundation around Galveston Bay during Hurricane *** curves were established through the relationship between eight hydrodynamic parameters(water depth,flow velocity,unit discharge,flow momentum flux,significant wave height,wave energy flux,total water depth(flow depth plus wave height),and total(flow plus wave)force)simulated by the model and National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP)insurance damage *** NFIP insurance database contains a large amount of building damage data,building stories,and elevation,as well as other information from the Ike *** found that the damage curves are sensitive to the model grid resolution,building elevation,and the number of *** also found that the resulting damage functions are steeper than those developed for residential structures in many other locations.

关键词： delft3d-Fm Flood risk Hurricane Ike Residential damage ratio SWAN Weibull function

High-performance carbon fiber/gold/copper composite wires for lightweight electrical cables

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2020年第7期42卷 46-53页

作者： Thang Q.Tran jeremy Kong Yoong Lee Amutha Chinnappan Nguyen Huu Loc Long T.Tran dongxiao Ji W.A.d.m.Jayathilaka Vishnu Vijay Kumar Seeram Ramakrishna department of mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1EA-07-05Singapore 117575Singapore Faculty of mechanical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of TechnologyVNUHCM268 Ly Thuong KietDistrict 10Ho Chi Minh City 740400Viet Nam

In this study,we synthesized high-performance Carbon Fiber/Gold/Copper(CF/Au/Cu)composite wires by using a 2-step deposition method via sputtering and *** Au was sputtered on PANbased CFs as a pre-treatment,the wettability and surface reactivity of the CFs were improved,resulting in a homogeneous deposition of Cu on their *** different Cu electrodeposition time,the resulting CF/Au/Cu composite wires could possess a high strength of up to 3.27 GPa(~10 times stronger than copper wires)while their electrical conductivity could be as high as 4.4×10^5 S/cm(~75%of that for copper).more importantly,since the composite wires were lightweight(up to 70%lower than Cu mass density),they are a promising candidate to substitute conventional heavy metal wires in the future electrical applications.

关键词： Carbon fiber Copper composite wires Strength Electrical properties

Longitudinal changes in cardiac function in the very elderly: the Jerusalem longitudinal cohort study

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第11期16卷 800-805页

作者： david Leibowitz Irit Stessman-Lande Hend Sliman jeremy m Jacobs Jochanan Stessman dan Gilon Jerusalem Institute of Aging Research Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterMount-ScopusJerusalemIsrael Coronary Care Unit Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical CenterMount-ScopusJerusalemIsrael department of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterMount-ScopusJerusalemIsrael

Background People over the age of 85 are a rapidly growing age group with a high incidence of congestive heart failure(CHF),in particular heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFp EF).The diagnosis of CHF is challenging and longitudinal data assessing cardiac structure and function are necessary to distinguish physiologic from pathologic cardiac *** objective of the study was to determine longitudinal changes in cardiac struture and function from ages 85 to 94 years using home *** Subjects were recruited from the Jerusalem Longitudinal Cohort *** three members of the initial cohort(32 F,31 m)who underwent home echocardiography at age 85 were the subjects of the current study and underwent repeat home 2-d and doppler echocardiographic assessment at age *** There were no significant longitudinal changes in left ventricular mass index(LVmI),however LV end-diastolic volume significantly decreased from 113.4±30 to 103.6±35.5 m L(Pmained stable,however longitudinal systolic function significantly decreased with age from 7.9±1.8 to 6.6±1.4 cm/s2(Pdiastolic function as assessed by increased E:e’(11.2±3.4 to 16±7.5,Pd increased left atrial volume index(34.1±11.3 to 42.4±13.7 m L/m^2,Pduced with *** This study demonstrated preserved EF with decreased longitudinal systolic function and diastolic function without significant change in LV *** in LV function in the very elderly may be independent of changes in LV geometry.

关键词： Echocardiography The elderly Ventricular function

Perspectives on Compound Flooding in Chinese Estuary Regions

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2023年第2期14卷 269-279页

作者： Hanqing Xu Elisa Ragno Jinkai Tan Alessandro Antonini jeremy d.Bricker Sebastiaan N.Jonkman Qing Liu Jun Wang Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of Education and School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology2628 CNDelftThe Netherlands School of Atmospheric Sciences and Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System of ministry of Education Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai519082China department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA

Extreme surges and rainfall represent major driving factors for compound flooding in estuary regions along the Chinese *** combined effect of extreme surges and rainfall(that is,compound floods)might lead to greater impacts than if the drivers occurred in ***,understanding the frequency and severity of compound flooding is important for improving flood hazard assessment and compound flood resilience in coastal *** this study,we examined the dependence between extreme surges and corresponding rainfall events in 26 catchments along the Chinese coastline during typhoon and non-typhoon seasons using copula functions,to identify where the two drivers more often occur together and the implication for flood management in these *** found that the interaction between flood drivers is statistically significant in 10catchments located around Hainan Island(south)and Shanghai,where surge peaks occur mainly during the typhoon season and around the Bohai Sea(north),where surge peaks occur mainly during the non-typhoon *** further applied the copula-based framework to model the dependence between surge peaks and associated rainfall and estimate their joint and conditional probability in two specific locations—Hainan Island and the Bohai Sea,where the correlation between flood drivers is statistically *** observed that in Hainan Island where most of the surge peaks occur during the typhoon season,extreme rainfall events during the typhoon season are generally more intense compared to annual maxima *** contrast,around the Bohai Sea where surge peaks occur mainly outside the typhoon season,rainfall is less intense than annual maxima *** results show that the interaction between extreme surges and rainfall can provide valuable insight when designing coastal and urban infrastructure,especially in highly populated urban areas prone to both coastal and pluvial flooding,such as many Chinese coastal cities.

关键词： China Coastal catchments Compound flooding Copula function Extreme surge Optimal threshold

Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FOdmAPs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第25期23卷 4632-4643页

作者： Ruth m Harvie Alexandra W Chisholm Jordan E Bisanz jeremy P Burton Peter Herbison Kim Schultz michael Schultz department of medicine Dunedin School of MedicineUniversity of Otago department of Human Nutrition University of Otago departments of Surgery and microbiology&Immunology Western UniversityOntario department of Preventative and Social medicine University of Otago

To investigate the long-term effect of dietary education on a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide and polyol (FOdmAP) diet on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms and quality of life (QoL). mETHOdSParticipants with IBS (Rome III) were randomized to two groups. Group I commenced a low FOdmAP diet at baseline. At three months, group II, so far a comparator group, crossed over to a low FOdmAP diet while group I started re-challenging foods. All patients completed the IBS SSS (IBS symptom severity scoring system, 0-500 points increasing with severity), IBS QoL questionnaire (0-100 increasing with QoL), a FOdmAP specific food frequency questionnaire and provided a stool sample at baseline, three and six months for microbiome analysis. RESULTSFifty participants were enrolled into group I (n = 23) or group II (n = 27). Participants in both groups were similar in baseline values but with more men in group I. There was a significantly lower IBS SSS (275.6 ± 63.6 to 128.8 ± 82.5 vs 246.8 ± 71.1 to 203.6 ± 70.1) (P d increased QoL (68.5 ± 18.0 to 83 ± 13.4 vs 72.9 ± 12.8 to 73.3 ± 14.4) (P mo. The reduced IBS SSS was sustained at 6 mo in group I (160 ± 102) and replicated in group II (124 ± 76). Fiber intake decreased on the low FOdmAP diet (33 ± 17 g/d to 21 ± 8 g/d) (P d after re-introducing FOdmAP containing foods increased again to 27 ± 9 g/d. There was no change seen in the intestinal microbiome when participants adopted a low FOdmAP diet. CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that a reduction in FOdmAPs improves symptoms in IBS and this improvement can be maintained while reintroducing FOdmAPs.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome FOdmAP Short chain fermentable carbohydrates microbiota diet microbiome