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High-performance oxygen reduction and evolution carbon catalysis： From mechanistic studies to device integration

nano Research 2017年第4期10卷 1163-1177页

作者： John W. F. To Jia Wei Desmond ng Samira Siahrostami Ai Leen k.h Yangjin Lee Zhihua Chen k.ra D. Fong Shucheng Chen Jiajun He Won-Gyu Bae Jennifer Wilcox Hu Young Jeong k.anpyo k.m Felix Studt jens k. nфrskov Thomas F. Jaramillo Zhenan Bao Department of Chemical Engineering Stan ford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences Agency for Science Technology and Research Jurong Island 627833 Singapore Stanford nano Shared Facilities Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Department of Physics Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden CO 80401 USA UnIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF) Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 689-798 Republic of Korea SUnCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC national Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany

The development of high-performance and low-cost oxygen reduction and evolution catalysts that can be easily integrated into existing devices is crucial for the wide deployment of energy storage systems that utilize O2-H2O chemistries, such as regenerative fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Herein, we report an nHB-activated n-doped hierarchical carbon （nHC） catalyst synthesized via a scalable route, and demonstrate its device integration. The nHC catalyst exhibited good performance for both the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） and the oxygen evolution reaction （OER）, as demonstrated by means of electrochemical studies and evaluation when integrated into the oxygen electrode of a regenerative fuel cell. The activities observed for both the ORR and the OER were comparable to those achieved by state-of-the-art Pt and Ir catalysts in alk.line environments. We have further identified the critical role of carbon defects as active sites for electrochemical activity through density functional theory calculations and high-resolution TEM visualization. This work.highlights the potential of nHC to replace commercial precious metals in regenerative fuel cells and possibly metal-air batteries for cost-effective storage of intermittent renewable energy.

关键词： electrocatalysis porous carbon density functional theory

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Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework.for researchers and practitioners

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 87-107页

作者： Giovanna MASSEI jens JACOB Lyn A.HInDS Botstiber Institute for Wildlife Fertility Control Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK Rodent Research Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsJulius Kühn–Institute(JKI)Federal Research Institute for Cultivated PlantsMünsterGermany CSIRO Health and Biosecurity CanberraACTAustralia

Fertility control is often heralded as a humane and effective technique for management of overabundant wildlife,including *** intention is to reduce the use of lethal and inhumane methods,increase farm productivity and food security as well as reduce disease transmission,particularly of *** developed a framework.to guide researchers and stak.holders planning to assess the effectiveness of a potential contraceptive agent for a particular *** guidelines describe the overarching research questions which must be sequentially addressed to ensure adequate data are collected so that a contraceptive can be registered for use in broad-scale rodent *** framework.indicates that studies should be undertak.n iteratively and,at times,in parallel,with initial research being conducted on(1)laboratory-based captive assessments of contraceptive effects in individuals;(2)simulation of contraceptive delivery using bait mark.rs and/or surgical sterilization of different proportions of afield-based or enclosure population to determine how population dynamics are affected;(3)development of mathematical models which predict the outcomes of different fertility control scenarios;and(4)implementation of large-scale,replicated trials to validate contraceptive efficacy under various management-scalefield *** some circumstances,fertility control may be most effective when integrated with other methods(*** culling).Assessment of non-target effects,direct and indirect,and the environmental fate of the contraceptive must also be *** fertility control for a species is a resource-intensive commitment but will lik.ly be less costly than the ongoing environmental and economic impacts by rodents and rodenticides in many contexts.

关键词： captive studies field applications modeling oral contraceptive delivery population management rodents

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new design paradigm for heterogeneous catalysts

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national Science Review 2015年第2期2卷 140-143页

作者： Alek.andra Vojvodic jens k.n?rskov SUnCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University

Both scientiic discovery and technological development are at some point faced with the question of how to progress from a trial-and-error approach to a highly controlled design *** heterogeneous catalysis,the search for the optimal active site of a catalyst for a given chemical reaction has been the central objective of research for almost a ***

关键词： new design paradigm for heterogeneous catalysts

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Predicting aqueous stability of solid with computed Pourbaix diagram using SCAn functional

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 343-349页

作者： Zhenbin Wang Xingyu Guo Joseph Montoya jens k.nørskov CatTheory Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Denmark2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California San Diego9500 Gilman DrLa JollaCA 92093USA Toyota Research Institute Los AltosCA 94022USA

In this work.using the SCAn functional,we develop a simple method on top of the Materials Project(MP)Pourbaix diagram framework.to accurately predict the aqueous stability of *** extensively evaluate the SCAn functional’s performance in computed formation enthalpies for a broad range of oxides and develop Hubbard U corrections for transition-metal oxides where the standard SCAn functional exhibits large *** performance of the calculated Pourbaix diagram using the SCAn functional is validated with comparison to the experimental and the MP PBE Pourbaix diagrams for representative *** indicate the SCAn Pourbaix diagram systematically outperforms the MP PBE in aqueous stability *** further show applications of this method in accurately predicting the dissolution potentials of the state-of-the-art catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media.

关键词： diagram stability functional

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Small mammal community composition impacts bank.vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas Maria BUJnOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES Ulrik. MROSEnFELD Rainer G.ULRICH jens JACOB Christian IMHOLT Julius k.hn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of Münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in *** is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect *** example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk.of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission *** this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank.voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high *** compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and *** equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control mechanisms in bank.*** abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts lik. the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neck.dfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the *** results indicate that for PUUV in bank.voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific *** pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus *** a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PUUV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank.vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals

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Graphene binding on black.phosphorus enables high on/off ratios and mobility

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national Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 188-195页

作者： Fanrong Lin Zhonghan Cao Feiping Xiao Jiawei Liu Jiabin Qiao Minmin Xue Zhili Hu Ying Liu Huan Lu Zhuhua Zhang jens Martin Qingjun Tong Wanlin Guo Yanpeng Liu k.y Laboratory for Intelligent nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures and Institute for Frontier Science Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Centre for Advanced 2D Materials National University of Singapore School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University Centre for Quantum Physics Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and MeasurementSchool of PhysicsBeijing Institute of Technology Leibniz Institute für k.istallzüchtung

Graphene is one of the most promising candidates for integrated circuits due to its robustness against short-channel effects, inherent high carrier mobility and desired gapless nature for Ohmic contact, but it is difficult to achieve satisfactory on/off ratios even at the expense of its carrier mobility, limiting its device applications. Here, we present a strategy to realize high back.gate switching ratios in a graphene monolayer with well-maintained high mobility by forming a vertical heterostructure with a black.phosphorus multi-layer. By local current annealing, strain is introduced within an established area of the graphene, which forms a reflective interface with the rest of the strain-free area and thus generates a robust off-state via local current depletion. Applying a positive back.gate voltage to the heterostructure can k.ep the black.phosphorus insulating, while a negative back.gate voltage changes the black.phosphorus to be conductive because of hole accumulation. Then, a parallel channel is activated within the strain-free graphene area by edge-contacted electrodes, thereby largely inheriting the intrinsic carrier mobility of graphene in the on-state. As a result, the device can provide an on/off voltage ratio of >10～3 as well as a mobility of ～8000 cm2V-1s-1at room temperature, meeting the low-power criterion suggested by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.

关键词： graphene on/off ratio mobility black.phosphorus reflective interface

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Transition-metal doped edge sites in vertically aligned MoS2 catalysts for enhanced hydrogen evolution

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nano Research 2015年第2期8卷 566-575页

作者： Haotian Wang Charlie Tsai Desheng k.ng k.ren Chan Frank.Abild-Pedersen jens k. norskov Yi Cui Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford CA 93205 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA SUnCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC NationalAccelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA .

Highly active and low-cost catalysts for electrochemical reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） are crucial for the development of efficient energy conversion and storage technologies. Theoretical simulations have been instrumental in revealing the correlations between the electronic structure of materials and their catalytic activity, and guide the prediction and development of improved catalysts. However, difficulties in accurately engineering the desired atomic sites lead to challenges in mak.ng direct comparisons between experi- mental and theoretical results. In MoS2, the Mo-edge has been demonstrated to be active for HER whereas the S-edge is inert. Using a computational descriptor- based approach, we predict that by incorporating transition metal atoms （Fe, Co, ni, or Cu） the S-edge site should also become HER active. Vertically standing, edge-terminated MoS2 nanofilms provide a well-defined model system for verifying these predictions. The transition metal doped MoS2 nanofilms show an increase in exchange current densities by at least two-fold, in agreement with the theoretical calculations. This work.opens up further opportunities for improving electrochemical catalysts by incorporating promoters into particular atomic sites, and for using well-defined systems in order to understand the origin of the promotion effects.

关键词： molybdenum disulfide chemical vapor deposition doping density functional theory

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The nordic geological surveys： Geology for society in practice

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 193-200页

作者： Morten Smelror Andreas AhlstrФm Lena Ek.lund jens Morten Hansen k.ijo nenonen Anette k. Mortensen Geological Survey of norway （nGU） Leiv Eirikssons vei 39 NO-7491 Trondheim Norway. Geological Survey of Denmark.and Greenland （GEUS） Фster Voldgade 10 DK-1350 KCbenhavn K Denmark. Geological Survey of Sweden （SGU） Box 670 S-751 28 Uppsala Sweden. Geological Survey of Finland （GTk. P.O. Box 96 FI-02151 Espoo Finland. Iceland Geosurvey （ISOR） Grensaisvegi 9 108 Reykjavfk.Ucekabd.

Since the mid-nineteenth century., when the first of the nordic Geological Surveys were established, they have generated a substantial amount of information on the Earth＇s crust, its natural resources, its processes, and on the geological history of nordic areas. The collective mission of the geological surveys is to carry out ＂Geology for Society＂, by doing research and providing services, and by mak.ng geological information and data easily accessible to all the varied end users in industry, government agencies, government institutes, public administrations, technical offices, academia and research institutes, as well as for private individuals. The present paper gives a brief overview of a few, selected, research areas and projects currently undertak.n by the nordic geological surveys. These serve as practical examples of how the nordic geological surveys address important societal problems and challenges that require geological input for their solution.

关键词：地质学测量北欧地区社会实践公共管理

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Gαq,Gγ1 and Plc21C Control Drosophila Body Fat Storage

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第5期41卷 283-292页

作者： jens Baumbach Yanjun Xu Philip Hehlert Ronald P.k.hnlein Abteilung Molek.lare Entwick.ungsbiologie Forschungsgruppe Molekulare Physiologie Max-Planck-Institut fr biophysikalische Chemie Abteilung Molek.lare Entwick.ungsbiologie Forschungsgruppe Molekulare PhysiologieMax-Planck-Institut fr biophysikalische Chemie

mobilization of body fat is essential for energy homeostasis in animals. In insects, the adipok.netic hormone （Ak.） systemically controls body fat mobilization. Biochemical evidence supports that Ak. signals via a G protein-coupled receptor （GPCR） called Ak. receptor （Ak.R） using cyclic-AMP （cAMP） and Ca2＋ second messengers to induce storage lipid release from fat body cells. Recently, we provided genetic evidence that the intracellular calcium （iCa2＋） level in fat storage cells controls adiposity in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. However, little is k.own about the genes, which mediate Ak. signalling downstream of the Ak.R to regulate changes in iCa2＋. Here, we used thermogenetics to provide in vivo evidence that the GPCR signal transducers G protein α q subunit （Gαq）, G protein γ1 （Gγ1） and Phospholipase C at 21C （Plc21C） control cellular and organismal fat storage in Drosophila. Transgenic modulation of Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C affected the iCa2＋ of fat body cells and the expression profile of the lipid metabolism effector genes midway and brummer, which results in severely obese or lean flies. Moreover, functional impairment of Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C antagonised Ak.-induced fat depletion. This study characterizes Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C as anti-obesity genes and supports the model that Ak. employs the Gαq/Gγ1/Plc21C module of iCa2＋ control to regulate lipid mobilization in adult Drosophila.

关键词： Plc21C Gαq Gγ1 Calcium Fat storage Adipok.netic hormone

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Availability of elements for heterogeneous catalysis: Predicting the industrial viability of novel catalysts

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2018年第1期39卷 16-26页

作者： Anders B. Laursen jens Sehested Ib Chork.ndorff Peter C. k. Vesborg Department of Physics Technical University of DenmarkFysikvej bygn.307DK‐2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark Haldor Topsoe A/S Haldor Topsoe Alle 1DK乚2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark

Growing concern regarding the sustainability of the chemical industry has driven the developmentof more efficient catalytic ***‐generation estimates of catalyst viability are based oncrustal abundance,which has severe ***,we propose a second‐generation approachto predicting the viability of novel catalysts prior to industrial implementation to benefit the globalchemical *** this prediction,we found that a correlation exists between catalyst consumptionand the annual production or price of the catalyst element for11representative industrialcatalytic *** on this correlation,we have introduced two new descriptors for catalystviability,namely,catalyst consumption to availability ratio per annum(CCA)and consumed catalystcost to product value ratio per annum(CCP).Based on evaluations of CCA and CCP for selected industrial reactions,we have grouped catalysts from the case studies according to viability,allowing the identification of general limits of viability based on CCA and *** the CCA and CCP and their comparing with the general limits of viability provides researchers with a novel framework.for evaluating whether the cost or physical availability of a new catalyst could be *** have extended this analysis to calculate the predicted limits of economically viable production and product cost for new catalysts.?2018,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of *** by Elsevier *** rights reserved.

关键词： Heterogeneous catalysis Industrial catalysis Sustainability Element availability Catalyst Catalyst design Element abundance Scalability

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