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Challenges in enriching milk.fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 290-298页

作者： jennifer Stamey Lanier Benjamin A.Corl Phibro Animal Health Corporation TeaneckN JUSA Department of Dairy Science Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061-031 SUSA

Milk.fatty acid composition is determined by several factors including diet. The milk.fatty acid profile of dairy cows is low in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially those of the n-3 series. Efforts to change and influence fatty acid profile with longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have proven challenging. Several barriers prevent easy transfer of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids to milk.fat including rumen biohydrogenation and fatty acid esterification. The potential for cellular uptak. and differences in fatty acid incorporation into milk.fat might also have an effect, though this has received less research effort. Given physiological impediments to enriching milk.fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids, manipulating the genome of the cow might provide a greater increase than diet alone, but this too may be challenged by the physiology of the cow.

关键词： Dairy cow Milk.fat Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Sensitivity study of subgrid scale ocean mixing under sea ice using a two-column ocean grid in climate model CESM

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第4期9卷 594-604页

作者： Meibing JIN jennifer HUTCHINGS Yusuk. k.WAGUCHI International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks AK 99775 USA College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University OR 97331 USA Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka 237-0061 Japan

Brine drainage from sea ice formation plays a critical role in ocean mixing and seasonal variations of halocline in polar oceans. The horizontal scale of brine drainage and its induced convection is much smaller than a climate model grid and a model tends to produce false ocean mixing when brine drainage is averaged over a grid cell. A two-column ocean grid （TCOG） scheme was implemented in the Community Earth System Model （CESM） using coupled sea ice-ocean model setting to explicitly solve the different vertical mixing in the two sub- columns of one model grid with and without brine rejection. The fraction of grid with brine rejection was tested to be equal to the lead fraction or a small constant number in a series of sensitivity model runs forced by the same atmospheric data from 1978 to 2009. The model results were compared to observations from 29 ice tethered profilers （ITP） in the Arctic Ocean Basin from 2004 to 2009. Compared with the control run using a regular ocean grid, the TCOG simulations showed consistent reduction of model errors in salinity and mixed layer depth （MLD）. The model using a small constant fraction grid for brine rejection was found to produce the best model comparison with observations, indicating that the horizontal scale of the brine drainage is very small compared to the sea ice cover and even smaller than the lead fraction. Comparable to models using brine rejection parameterization schemes, TCOG achieved more improvements in salinity but similar in MLD.

关键词： climate model sea ice mixed-layer depth,ocean mixing brine drainage

An assessment of the climatic suitability of Afrisk. Mountain Resort for outdoor tourism using the Tourism Climate Index(TCI)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第11期16卷 2453-2469页

作者： k.rsten NOOME jennifer M.FITCHETT School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental Studies University of the Witwatersrand

Tourism Climatic Indices(TCIs)are widely used in the global North to quantify the climatic suitability of a destination for *** one such study has been conducted in southern Africa to *** is in a chronic shortage of research on tourism and climate change in the southern *** study presents the application of the TCI in Lesotho,calculated for the eastern Lesotho *** region has an emerging tourism sector,which primarily comprises outdoor *** include hik.ng,horse-riding,music festivals,mountain bik.ng,cultural visits,sightseeing,and at the Afrisk. lodge,sk.ing and *** activities are reliant on climatic conditions that are conducive to the activity tak.ng place,prolonged periods outdoors,and tourist satisfaction of the *** is a major determinant of both the length of season for these activities and the timing of peak.tourist *** temperatures and changes in relative humidity and precipitation pose real threats to hik.ng,sightseeing and snow tourism at *** reliance of tourism in the region on specific climatic conditions for successful tourism prompted the use of the *** results classify the eastern Lesotho Highlands as having‘good'climatic conditions with an overall TCI score of 64 for the period *** TCI scores for the eastern Lesotho reveal a bimodal-shoulder,meaning the peak.climatic conditions are in the regional summer months(December to February).This conflicts with the peak.tourist seasons of summer and winter,which align with South African school holidays,and the timing of the most profitable tourism activity(sk.ing)which occurs during the winter months of June,July and *** is landlock.d by South *** analysis for South Africa reveals more suitable climatic conditions for tourism than Lesotho,with significantly higher scores of 80-89.

关键词： Climate Tourism Climatic Index(TCI) Lesotho Highlands Outdoor tourism Snow tourism

Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancertype protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2015年第2期34卷 61-69页

作者： Yu Du jennifer R.Grandis Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine School of Medicine Tsinghua University

Protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPs) play an important role in regulating cell signaling events in coordination with tyrosine k.nases to control cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, migration, and invasion. Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPRs) are a subgroup of PTPs that share a transmembrane domain with resulting similarities in function and target specificity. In this review, we summarize genetic and epigenetic alterations including mutation, deletion, amplification, and promoter methylation of PTPRs in cancer and consider the consequences of PTPR alterations in different types of cancers. We also summarize recent developments using PTPRs as prognostic or predictive biomark.rs and/or direct targets. Increased understanding of the role of PTPRs in cancer may provide opportunities to improve therapeutic approaches.

关键词：蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶癌症体型表观遗传细胞增殖细胞信号 PTP 酶调控

Investigating materials and orientation parameters for the creation of a 3D musculosk.letal interface co-culture model

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2020年第4期7卷 413-425页

作者： Hamad Alsayk.an jennifer Z.Paxton Anatomy@Edinburgh Edinburgh Medical School:Biomedical SciencesThe University of EdinburghTeviot PlaceEdinburgh EH89AGUK Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine and Health SciencesQassim UniversityPO Box 99151911 Unaizah CampusAl-Qassim 51911Saudi Arabia

Musculosk.letal tissue interfaces are a common site of injury in the young,active *** particular,the interface between the musculosk.letal tissues of tendon and bone is often injured and to date,no single treatment has been able to restore the form and function of damaged tissue at the bone-tendon *** engineering and regeneration hold great promise for the manufacture of bespok. in vitro models or implants to be used to advance repair and so this study investigated the material,orientation and culture choices for manufacturing a reproducible 3D model of a musculosk.letal interface between tendon and bone cell *** models are essential for future studies focussing on the regeneration of musculosk.letal interfaces in ***-encapsulated fibrin hydrogels,arranged in a horizontal orientation though a simple moulding procedure,were shown to best support cellular growth and migration of cells to form an in vitro tendon-bone *** study highlights the importance of ack.owledging the material and technical challenges in establishing co-cultures and suggests a reproducible methodology to form 3D co-cultures between tendon and bone,or other musculosk.letal cell types,in vitro.

关键词： tendon bone 3D co-culture hydrogels musculosk.letal interface

Fueling the engine and releasing the break. combinational therapy of cancer vaccines and immune check.oint inhibitors

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2015年第3期12卷 201-208页

作者： jennifer k.eponis Richard Sk.lton Lei Zheng Department of Oncology Department of Surgery The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Masters of Health Science Program in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health

Immune check.oint inhibitors are increasingly drawing much attention in the therapeutic development for cancer treatment. However, many cancer patients do not respond to treatments with immune check.oint inhibitors, partly because of the lack.of tumor-infiltrating effector T cells. Cancer vaccines may prime patients for treatments with immune check.oint inhibitors by inducing effector T-ceU infiltration into the tumors and immune check.oint signals. The combination of cancer vaccine and an immune check.oint inhibitor may function synergistically to induce more effective antitumor immune responses, and clinical trials to test the combination are currently ongoing.

关键词： Cancer vaccine immune check.oint immunotherapy cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) programmed death-1(PD- 1) programmed cell death ligand- I (PD -L 1 )

Short, Medium, and Long-Term Strok. Mortality in Libreville and Associated Factors

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 39-50页

作者： Grass Aurelle Mambila Matsalou jennifer Nyangui Mapaga Pupchen M. Gnigone Mink.’a Pagbe Michael Chermine Mboumba Mboumba Christian Allognon Mahutondji Aissata Ibrahima Camara Annick.A. Nsounda Nelly Diouf Mbourou Michel-Arnaud Saphou-Damon Elsa Ayo Bivigou Philomene k.una Ndouongo Neurology Department University Hospital of Libreville Libreville Gabon Cardiology Department University Hospitalof Libreville Libreville Gabon

Strok.s are common around the world and especially in sub-Saharan Africa. They are responsible for severe sequelae and the majority of deaths. In Gabon, no study on strok. mortality has been conducted. Objective: To determine short, medium, long-term mortality and factors associated with long-term strok. mortality. Method: Our study took.place in the Neurology Department of the University Hospital Center of Libreville (UHCL). It was a historical cohort study with descriptive and analytical purposes covering the period from June 1 to August 31, 2018 and tak.ng into account hospitalized patients from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. We conducted a comprehensive systematic recruitment of patients with strok., 18 years old and more, and had been agreed to give information. We included all patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The data was gathered using Epi-Info 7 software. The CHI-2 test was used for the comparison of frequencies and the Student’s test, for comparison of means. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression allowed us to look.for factors associated with long-term mortality. A result was statistically significant for a p 0.05 value. Results: At 3 months, 28 patients (18.1%) died, at 6 months thirty-one patients or 20.1% died. At 5 years old, fifty-three patients or 34.4% had died. The factors associated with long-term mortality, if the lost of sight were all alive were tobacco (p = 0.01) and strok. (p = 0.008). If all those who were lost to sight had died, no factor was associated with 5-year mortality. Conclusion: Strok. mortality must not be tak.n for granted, it can be underestimated because of the large number of lost sight. Measures must be put in place to strengthen post-strok. monitoring. .

关键词： Strok. Mortality Associated Factors Libreville

Classification of different sustainable flood retention basin types

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第6期22卷 898-903页

作者： Michelle Robinson Mik.as Scholz Nicolas Bastien jennifer Carfrae Scottish Agricultural College Peter Wilson Building Institute for Infrastructure and Environment School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghWilliam Rankine Building School of Built Environment Heriot-Watt University

Using a revised version of a previously published expert classification system, a database of potential Sustainable Flood Retention Basins has been developed for Scotland. The research shows that the majority of small and former （often old） drink.ng water reservoirs are k.pt full and their spillways are continuously in operation. Utilising some of the available capacity to contribute to flood control could significantly reduce the costs of complying with the European Union Flood Directive. Furthermore, the application of a previously developed classification model for Baden in Germany for the Scottish data set showed a lower diversity for basins in Scotland due to less developed infrastructure. The classification system appears to be robust and has the potential, with minor modifications, to be applied across Europe. The principle value of this approach is a clear and unambiguous categorisation, based on standard variables, which can help to promote communication and understanding between stak.holders.

关键词： classification system diffuse pollution control principal component analysis runoff control sustainable flood retention basin

Diverticulitis is a population health problem:Lessons and gaps in strategies to implement and improve contemporary care

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第6期15卷 1007-1019页

作者： Stephanie Lee Stovall jennifer A k.plan Joanna k.Law David R Flum Vlad V Simianu Department of Surgery Virginia Mason Franciscan HealthSeattleWA 98101United States Department of Gastroenterology Virginia Mason Franciscan HealthSeattleWA 98101United States Department of Surgery University of Washington MedicalSeattleWA 98195United States

The disease burden of diverticulitis is high across inpatient and outpatient settings,and the prevalence of diverticulitis has ***,patients with acute diverticulitis were admitted routinely for intravenous antibiotics and many had urgent surgery with colostomy or elective surgery after only a few *** recent studies have challenged the standards of how acute and recurrent diverticulitis are managed,and many clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)have pivoted to recommend outpatient management and individualized decisions about *** the rates of diverticulitis hospitalizations and operations are increasing in the United States,suggesting there is a disconnect from or delay in adoption of CPGs across the spectrum of diverticular *** this review,we propose approaching diverticulitis care from a population level to understand the gaps between contemporary studies and real-world practice and suggest strategies to implement and improve future care.

关键词： Diverticulitis Hospitalization Elective Emergent surgery Clinical guidelines Diverticular disease