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Intragroup social dynamics vary with the presence of neighbors in a cooperatively breeding fish

Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 21-31页

作者： jennifer K. Hellmann Ian M. Hamilton Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Department of Mathematics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA jennifer K. Hellmann Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 505 S Goodwin Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA

Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group members may mediate conflict through submissive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, stabilize dominance hierarchies, and foster group cohesion. The frequency and resolution of within-group conflict may vary with the presenee of neighboring groups. Neighbors can threaten the territory or resources of the whole group, promoting behaviors that foster within-group cohesion. However, neighbors may also foster conflict of interests among group members: opportunities for subordinate dispersal may alter conflict among dominants and subordinates while opportunities for extrapair reproduction may increase conflict between mates. To understand how neighbors mediate within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher, we measured behavioral dynamics and social network structure in isolated groups, groups recently exposed to neighbors, and groups with established neighbors. Aggression and submission between the dominant male and female pair were high in isolated groups, but dominant aggression was directly primarily at subordinates when groups had neighbors. This suggests that neighbors attenuate conflict between mates and foster conflict between dominants and subordinates. Further, aggression and submission between similarly sized group members were most frequent when groups had neighbors, suggesting that neighbors induce rank-related conflict. We found relatively little change in within-group affiliative networks across treatments, suggesting that the presence of neighbors does not alter behaviors associated with promoting group cohesion. Collectively, these results provide some of the first empirical insights into the extent to which intragroup behavioral networks are mediated by intergroup interactions and the broader social context.

关键词： affiliation colony conflict exponential random graph model Neolamprologus pulcher network

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Hepatitis B virus persistent infection-related single nucleotide polymorphisms in HLA regions are associated with viral load in hepatoma families

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第37期27卷 6262-6276页

作者： Ai-Ru Hsieh Cathy S j Fann Hung-Chun Lin jennifer Tai Sen-Yung Hsieh Dar-In Tai Department of Statistics Tamkang UniversityNew Taipei City 25137Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia SinicaNankangTaipei 11529Taiwan Division of Hepatology Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyChang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou Medical CenterTaoyuan 33305Taiwan

BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies from Asia indicate that HLA-DP and HLA-DQ loci are important in persistent hepatitis B virus(HBV)*** of the key elements for HBV-related carcinogenesis is persistent viral replication and *** To examine genetic and nongenetic factors with persistent HBV infection and viral load in families with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS The HCC families included 301 hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)carriers and 424 noncarriers born before the nationwide vaccination program was initiated in *** HBV-related single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)—rs477515,rs9272105,rs9276370,rs7756516,and rs9277535—were *** associated with persistent HBV infection and viral load were analyzed by a generalized estimating *** In the first-stage persistent HBV study,all SNPs except rs9272105 were associated with persistent infection.A significantly higher area under the reciprocal operating characteristic curve for nongenetic factors vs genetic factors(Pjor role in persistent HBV *** the second-stage viral load study,we added 8 HBsAg carriers born after *** 309 HBsAg carriers were divided into low(n=162)and high viral load(n=147)groups with an HBV DNA cutoff of 105 cps/***,relationship to the index case,rs477515,rs9272105,and rs7756516 were associated with viral *** on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,genetic and nongenetic factors affected viral load equally in the HCC family cohort(P=0.3117).CONCLUSION In these east Asian adults,the mechanism of persistent HBV infection-related SNPs was a prolonged viral replication phase.

关键词： Generalized estimating equation Genetic polymorphism Genome-wide association study Hepatitis B surface antigen Hepatitis B virus Replication

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Clinical and dietary predictors of common carotid artery intima media thickness in a population with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study

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World journal of Diabetes 2017年第1期8卷 18-27页

作者： Kristina S Petersen jennifer B Keogh Peter j Meikle Manohar L Garg Peter M Clifton School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences University of South Australia Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute Nutraceuticals Research Group University of NewcastleCallaghan

AIM To determine the clinical and dietary predictors of common carotid artery intima media thickness(CCA IMT) in a cohort of subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants with type 1(n = 23) and type 2 diabetes(n = 127) had mean and mean maximum CCA IMT measured using B mode ultrasound. Dietary intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Clinical and dietary predictors of mean and mean maximum CCA IMT were determined using linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS The main predictors of mean and mean maximum CCA IMT were age and weight. After multivariate adjustment there were no dietary predictors of CCA IMT. However,in subjects that were not prescribed a lipid lowering medication alcohol consumption was positively associated with CCA IMT after multivariate adjustment. No difference existed in CCA IMT between subjects with type 1 or type 2 diabetes once age was adjusted for. CONCLUSION CCA IMT was predominantly predicted by age and weight in these subjects with diabetes. The finding that CCA IMT was not different between people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes warrants further investigation in a larger cohort.

关键词： Diabetes Carotid intima media thickness Arterial structure Diet Lipidomics Carotenoids

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Microbial community coalescence and nitrogen cycling in simulated mortality decomposition hotspots

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 608-624页

作者： Sarah W.Keenan Alexandra L.Emmons jennifer M.DeBruyn Department of Geology and Geological Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology501 East St.Joseph StreetRapidSD 57701USA Department of Anthropology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science University of Tennessee2506 E.J.Chapman DriveKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Background The pulsed introduction of dead plant and animal material into soils represents one of the primary mechanisms for returning organic carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)compounds to biogeochemical *** of animal carcasses provides a high C and N resource that stimulates indigenous environmental microbial communities and introduces non-indigenous,carcass-derived microbes to the ***,the dynamics of the coalesced microbial communities,and the relative contributions of environment-and carcass-derived microbes to C and N cycling are *** test whether environment-derived,carcass-derived,or the combined microbial communities exhibited a greater influence on C and N cycling,we conducted controlled laboratory experiments that combined carcass decomposition fluids and soils to simulate carcass decomposition *** selectively sterilized the decomposition fluid and/or soil to remove microbial communities and create different combinations of environment-and carcass-derived communities and incubated the treatments under three temperatures(10,20,and 30℃).Results Carcass-derived bacteria persisted in soils in our simulated decomposition scenarios,albeit at low *** communities had higher respiration rates at 10 and 30℃ compared to soil or carcass communities ***,at higher temperatures,mixed communities had reduced diversity,but higher respiration,suggesting functional *** communities treatments also provided evidence that carcass-associated microbes may be contributing to ammonification and denitrification,but that nitrification is still primarily carried out by native soil *** Our work yields insight into the dynamics of microbial communities that are coalescing during carcass decomposition,and how they contribute to recycling carcasses in terrestrial ecosystems.

关键词： Carcass decomposition Microcosm Nitrogen Carbon Biogeochemical cycling Coalescence

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Advantageous mechanochemical synthesis of copper(Ⅰ)selenide semiconductor,characterization,and properties

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第3期16卷 433-442页

作者： Katarína Gáborová Marcela Achimovičová michal Hegedüs Vladimír Girman Mária Kaňuchová Erika Dutková Institute of Geotechnics Slovak Academy of SciencesKošice04001Slovakia Institute of Metallurgy Faculty of MaterialsMetallurgy and RecyclingTechnical UniversityKošice04201Slovakia Synthon s.r.o.Blansko67801Czech Republic Faculty of Science Pavol JozefŠafárik UniversityKošice04154Slovakia Institute of Earth Resources Faculty of MiningEcologyProcess Control and GeotechnologiesTechnical UniversityKošice04200Slovakia

Copper(I)selenide-nanocrystalline semiconductor was synthesized via one-step mechanochemical synthesis after 5 min milling in a planetary ball *** kinetics of synthesis was followed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis and specific surface area measurements of milled 2Cu/Se *** X-ray diffraction confirmed the orthorhombic crystal structure of Cu_(2)Se with the crystallite size∼25 *** surface chemical structure was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,whereby the binding energy of the Cu 2p and Se 3d signals corresponded to Cu^(+)and Se^(2−)oxidation *** electron microscopy revealed agglomerated nanocrystals and confirmed their orthorhombic structure,as *** optical properties were studied utilizing ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence *** direct bandgap energy 3.7 eV indicated a blue-shift phenomenon due to the quantum size *** type of Cu_(2)Se synthesis can be easily adapted to production dimensions using an industrial vibratory *** advantages of mechanochemical synthesis represent the potential for inexpensive,environmentally-friendly,and waste-free manufacturing of Cu_(2)Se.

关键词： Cu_(2)Se berzelianite nanocrystalline semiconductor mechanochemical synthesis planetary ball mill

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Expression of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases IX and XII in normal and neoplastic colorectal mucosa

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第17期11卷 2616-2625页

作者： Antti j. Kivela Seppo Parkkila juha Saarnio Tuomo j. Karttunen jyrki Kivela Anna-Kaisa Parkkila Maria Bartosova Vojtech Mucha michal Novak Abdul Waheed William S. Sly Hannu Rajaniemi Silvia Pastorekova jaromir Pastorek Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Oulu Finland Institute of Medical Technology University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital Finland Department of Surgery University of Oulu Finland Department of Pathology University of Oulu Finland Institute of Dentistry University of Helsinki and Central Military Hospital Finland Department of Neurology Tampere University Hospital Finland Center of Molecular Medicine Institute of Virology Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovak Republic Institute of Neuroimmunology Slovak Academy of Sciences BratislavaSlovak Republic Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Saint Louis University School of Medicine Missouri

AIM:To analyze possible relationships between CA IX/ CA XII and pVHL expression in normal and neoplastic colorectal mucosa. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of 42 tissue specimens obtained from 17 cancer patients was performed to evaluate the distribution and semi-quantitatively assess the levels of CA IX, CA XII and pVHL. VHL mRNAs from 14 fresh-frozen tumors was amplified by RT-PCR and subjected to sequencing. CA9 and G412mRNA levels were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in comparison with VEGFas an indicator of hypoxia that uncouples the pVHL control. RESULTS: Tumor tissues were associated with a borderline increase of CA IX staining signal and slight but significant decrease of CA XII immunoreactivity, whereas no association was found for pVHL. Sequence analysis of RT-PCR-amplified VHL mRNAs revealed no deletions/ mutations, suggesting that they were VHL-competent. We did not observe any correlation between pVHL and CA IX/CA XII proteins as well as between MEGFand CA9 mRNAs, but the tumor-associated changes in mRNA levels of VEGFand CA12 showed a significant inverse relationship. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that CA9and CA12 are regulated by different intratumoral factors and that lack of apparent relationship between the levels of CA IX/CA XII and pVHL cannot be fully assigned to uncoupling of negative regulatory function of pVHL by tumor hypoxia signified by induced VEGF transcription. The interplay between the functional pVHL and CA IX/CA XII in colorectal tumors seems rather complex and is not evident merely at the expression levels.

关键词： Carbonic anhydrase VHL VEGF Colorectal cancer

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Competitive metabolism of L-arginine:arginase as a therapeutic target in asthma

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The journal of Biomedical Research 2011年第5期25卷 299-308页

作者： jennifer M.Bratt Amir A.Zeki jerold A.Last Nicholas j.Kenyon Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep MedicineUniversity of California

Exhaled breath nitric oxide （NO） is an accepted asthma biomarker. Lung concentrations of NO and its amino acid precursor, L-arginine, are regulated by the relative expressions of the NO synthase （NOS） and arginase isoforms. Increased expression of arginase I and NOS2 occurs in murine models of allergic asthma and in biopsies of asthmatic airways. Although clinical trials involving the inhibition of NO-producing enzymes have shown mixed results, small molecule arginase inhibitors have shown potential as a therapeutic intervention in animal and cell culture models. Their transition to clinical trials is hampered by concerns regarding their safety and potential tox- icity. In this review, we discuss the paradigm of arginase and NOS competition for their substrate L-arginine in the asthmatic airway. We address the functional role of L-arginine in inflammation and the potential role of arginase inhibitors as therapeutics.

关键词： nitric oxide L-arginine arginase nor-NOHA nitrosation nitric oxide synthase

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Pancreatic cancer organotypics: High throughput, preclinical models for pharmacological agent evaluation

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第26期20卷 8471-8481页

作者： Stacey j Coleman jennifer Watt Prabhu Arumugam Leonardo Solaini Elisabeta Carapuca Mohammed Ghallab Richard P Grose Hemant M Kocher Centre for Tumour Biology Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of ExcellenceQueen Mary University of LondonJohn Vane Science CentreCharterhouse SquareLondon EC1M 6BQUnited Kingdom Barts and the London HPB Centre The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon EC1M 6BQUnited Kingdom

Pancreatic cancer carries a terrible prognosis,as the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the Western *** is clearly a need for new therapies to treat this *** of the reasons no effective treatment has been developed in the past decade may in part,be explained by the diverse influences exerted by the tumour *** tumour stroma cross-talk in pancreatic cancer can influence chemotherapy delivery and response ***,appropriate preclinical in vitro models which can bridge simple 2D in vitro cell based assays and complex in vivo models are required to understand the biology of pancreatic *** we discuss the evolution of 3D organotypic models,which recapitulare the morphological and functional features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC).Organotypic cultures are a valid high throughput preclinical in vitro model that maybe a useful tool to help establish new therapies for PDAC.A huge advantage of the organotypic model system is that any component of the model can be easily modulated in a short *** allows new therapies that can target the cancer,the stromal compartment or both to be tested in a model that mirrors the in vivo situation.A major challenge for the future is to expand the cellular composition of the organotypic model to further develop a system that mimics the PDAC environment more *** discuss how this challenge is being met to increase our understanding of this terrible disease and develop novel therapies that can improve the prognosis for patients.

关键词： 3D organotypic model Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic stellate cell Stroma Preclinical models

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Autumn migration of Ospreys from two distinct populations in Poland reveals partial migratory divide

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 442-451页

作者： Dariusz Anderwald Łukasz Czajka Sławomir Rubacha michal Zygmunt Pawel Mirski Forest Experimental Station in Rogów Akademicka 2095-063 RogówPoland Eagle Conservation Committee Niepodległości 53/5510-044 OlsztynPoland Faculty of Biology University of BiałystokCiołkowskiego 1J15-245 BiałystokPoland.

Background:Long-term ringing and telemetry studies show that the Osprey(Pandion haliaetus)is a broad-front migrant following different migratory flyways,depending on the geographical location of their breeding *** have investigated two distinct and declining populations of Osprey in Poland,separated by only a few hundred kilometres,and hypothesised they may exhibit two different migration *** followed mortality causes,comparing them between migration and stationary phases of annual cycle,as well as between two distinct ***:Nineteen Ospreys,both juveniles and adults,were equipped with GPS loggers in 2017-2020 in two populations in western and eastern Poland and followed on their autumn *** calculated the distance they covered on the migration,number of stopover days,migration duration,daily distances covered and departure dates to compare them between age and sex classes and between the eastern and western ***:Ospreys from the western and eastern populations showed a partial migratory *** the first migrated through a western flyway,the second followed a central flyway,resulting in crossing the Mediterranean Sea in distant passes that affected the distance *** mortality reached at least 67%in juveniles and at least 57%in ***:We showed that two distinct Osprey populations in Poland revealed a partial migratory divide,with one covering greater distances over sea and deserts over the central *** might affect individual survival rates and contribute to a steeper decline in one of the *** order for this to be confirmed,more individuals still have to be followed.

关键词： GPS telemetry Mortality Pandion haliaetus Stopover

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What do teachers see?Perceptions of school-time physical activity programs on student behavior

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 50-52,F0003页

作者： jennifer M.Sacheck Catherine M.Wright Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Gerald j.and Dorothy R.Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts UniversityBostonMA 02111USA

In the United States, children are not meeting daily recommendationsfor 60 min of moderate・to・vigorous activity.1Because children spend a large portion of their days in school, ithas been further recommended that children accumulate 30 minof their physical activity (PA) during school hours.2 Our previousresearch has demonstrated with objective measures that only8%—9% of elementary school children meet this goal, with anaverage accumulation of 18 min/day.3,4 This finding is of concerngiven the numerous benefits that PA has not only on healthoutcomes,5-8 but also on academic achievement.9 For example,there is heightened awareness that children benefit from PAthroughout the school day in terms of attention to task, memory,behavior, and, ultimately, academic performance.10 Schooladministrators acknowledge this link, but still face barriers toincorporating PA for schoolchildren, including limited time andresources for physical education (PE) and recess.

关键词： spend behavior school

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