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The scope for manipulating the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of beef:a review

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 299-311页

作者： Payam Vahmani Cletos Mapiye Nuria Prieto David C.Rolland Tim A.mc Allister jennifer L.Aalhus Michael E.R.Dugan Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lacombe Research Centre Department of Animal Sciences Faculty of Agri SciencesStellenbosch University Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Alberta Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Lethbridge Research Centre

Since 1950, links between intake of saturated fatty acids and heart disease have led to recommendations to limit consumption of saturated fatty acid-rich foods, including beef. Over this time, changes in food consumption patterns in several countries including Canada and the USA have not led to improvements in health. Instead, the incidence of obesity, type II diabetes and associated diseases have reached epidemic proportions owing in part to replacement of dietary fat with refined carbohydrates. Despite the content of saturated fatty acids in beef, it is also rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids, and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3（n-3） fatty acids in populations where little or no oily fish is consumed. Beef also contains polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products,including vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been shown to have anticarcinogenic and hypolipidemic properties in cell culture and animal models. Beef can be enriched with these beneficial fatty acids through manipulation of beef cattle diets, which is now more important than ever because of increasing public understanding of the relationships between diet and health. The present review examines recommendations for beef in human diets, the need to recognize the complex nature of beef fat, how cattle diets and management can alter the fatty acid composition of beef, and to what extent content claims are currently possible for beef fatty acids.

关键词： Beef Biohydrogenation products Lipids n-3 fatty acids Rumenic acid Vaccenic acid

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Role of perinatal long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in cortical circuit maturation:Mechanisms and implications for psychopathology

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2015年第1期5卷 15-34页

作者： Robert K mcNamara jennifer J Vannest Christina J Valentine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Division of Neonatology Perinatal InstituteCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Accumulating translational evidence suggests that the long-chain omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) plays a role in the maturation and stability of cortical circuits that are impaired in different recurrent psychiatric disorders. Specifically, rodent and cell culture studies find that DHA preferentially accumulates in synaptic and growth cone membranes and promotes neurite outgrowth, dendritic spine stability, and synaptogenesis. Additional evidence suggests that DHA may play a role in microglia-mediated synaptic pruning, as well as myelin development and resilience. In nonhuman primates n-3 fatty acid insufficiency during perinatal development leads to widespread deficits in functional connectivity in adult frontal cortical networks compared to primates raised on DHA-fortified diet. Preterm delivery in non-human primates and humans is associated with early deficits in cortical DHA accrual. Human preterm birth is associated with longstanding deficits in myelin integrity and cortical circuit connectivity and increased risk for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), mood, and psychotic disorders. In general, ADHD and mood and psychotic disorders initially emerge during rapid periods of cortical circuit maturation and are characterized by DHA deficits, myelin pathology, and impaired cortical circuit connectivity. Together these associations suggest that early and uncorrected deficits in fetal brain DHA accrual may represent a modifiable risk factor for cortical circuit maturation deficits in psychiatric disorders, and could therefore have significant implications for informing early intervention and prevention strategies.

关键词： Omega-3 fatty acids Brain development Prefrontal cortex Docosahexaenoic acid Connectivity Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Mood Cognition Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia Amygdala

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Phase 3 trial of first generation protease inhibitor therapy for hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第4期9卷 217-223页

作者： Kenneth E Sherman Minhee Kang Richard Sterling Triin Umbleja Kristen Marks jennifer J Kiser Beverly Alston-Smith Wayne Greaves Adeel A Butt 无 Division of Digestive Diseases University of Cincinnati College of Medicine harvard T.h. Chan School of Public health Department of Gastroenterology Virginia Commonwealth University Division of Infectious Disease Weill Cornell Medical School University of Colorado School of Pharmacy NIAID-Division of AIDS Merck and Co Inc. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine hamad healthcare Quality Institute the ACTG 5294 BIRTH Study Team

AIMTo evaluate efficacy/safety of hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor boceprevir with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alfa and weight-based ribavirin (RBV) in a phase 3 trial. METHODSA prospective, multicenter, phase 3, open-label, single-arm study of PEG-IFN alfa, weight-based RBV, and boceprevir, with a PEG-IFN/RBV lead-in phase was performed. The HCV/human immunodeficiency virus coinfected study population included treatment naïve (TN) and treatment experienced (TE) patients. Treatment duration ranged from 28 to 48 wk dependent upon response-guided criteria. All patients had HCV Genotype 1 with a viral load > 10000 IU/mL. Compensated cirrhosis was allowed. Sample size was determined to establish superiority to historical (PEG-IFN plus RBV) rates in sustained viral response (SVR). RESULTSA total of 257 enrolled participants were analyzed (135 TN and 122 TE). In the TN group, 81.5% were male and 54.1% were black. In the TE group, 76.2% were male and 47.5% were white. Overall SVR12 rates (HCV RNA P = 0.002). Among the TN, SVR12 was 42.1% among whites and 27.4% among blacks (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONThe trial met its hypothesis of improved SVR compared to historical controls but overall SVR rates were low. All-oral HCV treatments will mitigate these difficulties.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus Boceprevir Pegylated interferon alfa Ribavirin

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三叠纪——侏罗纪之交气候变化与森林火灾事件:来自中国华南的化石证据

三叠纪——侏罗纪之交气候变化与森林火灾事件:来自中国华南的化...

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中国古生物学会古植物学分会、江苏省古生物学会2021年学术年会

作者：王永栋宋宜李丽琴谢树成周宁罗根明 Thomas J.Algeo Wolfram M.Kurschner jennifer C.mc Elwain Vivi Vajda Micha Ruhl 中科院南京地质古生物研究所和生物演化与环境卓越创新中心现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室西北大学地质学系美国辛辛那提大学挪威奥斯陆大学爱尔兰都柏林大学圣三一学院瑞典自然历史博物馆

距今2亿年前的三叠纪—侏罗纪之交发生了显生宙5大生物集群灭绝事件之一,导致全球的海陆生态系统受到重创。普遍认为,当时中大西洋区域发生的巨量火山喷发及其引发的环境效应是造成这次生物大灭绝的主因。在中大西洋大火成岩省及其周围... 详细信息

距今2亿年前的三叠纪—侏罗纪之交发生了显生宙5大生物集群灭绝事件之一,导致全球的海陆生态系统受到重创。普遍认为,当时中大西洋区域发生的巨量火山喷发及其引发的环境效应是造成这次生物大灭绝的主因。在中大西洋大火成岩省及其周围广泛出现了古火灾事件,这些古火灾事件既是火山活动的直接证据,又是陆地植被系统更替的主要诱发原因之一。相比于海洋而言,对陆地生态系统三叠纪—侏罗纪之交重大生物事件的探究相对薄弱,特别是针对远离中大西洋大火成岩省且处于东特提斯洋的东亚地区陆地生态系统的响应及其植被更替机制等研究涉及甚少。由中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所和中国地质大学(武汉)联合美国、挪威、瑞典和爱尔兰等多国学者组成的国际科研团队,以中国华南川东鄂西地区广元、宣汉、合川和秭归等剖面为研究对象,对晚三叠世须家河组和早侏罗世珍珠冲组/香溪组开展高精度的磁性地层学、古植物学、孢粉学和分子地球生物学等多学科交叉创新研究。

关键词：晚三叠世三叠纪气候变化早侏罗世森林火灾侏罗纪

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Antecedents and sex/gender differences in youth suicidal behavior

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第4期4卷 120-132页

作者： Anne E Rhodes Michael H Boyle Jeffrey A Bridge Mark Sinyor Paul S Links Lil Tonmyr Robin Skinner jennifer M Bethell Corine Carlisle Sarah Goodday Travis Salway Hottes Amanda Newton Kathryn Bennett Purnima Sundar Amy H Cheung Peter Szatmari Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto M4N 3M5 Ontario Canada Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto M5T 1R8 Ontario Canada Suicide Studies Unit St. Michael’s Hospital Toronto M5B 1W8 Ontario Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto M5T 3M7 Ontario Canada Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences Mc Master University Hamilton L8N 3K7 Ontario Canada The Offord Centre for Child Studies Hamilton L8S 4K1 Ontario Canada The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus OH 43205 United States The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH 43210 United States Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto M4N 3M5 Ontario Canada Department of Psychiatry University of Western Ontario London N6A 5W9 Ontario Canada The Injury and Child Maltreatment Section Public Health Agency of Canada Ottawa K1A 0K9 Ontario Canada The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto M6J 1H4 Ontario Canada Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 1C9 Canada The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Mc Master University Hamilton L8S 4K1 Ontario Canada The Ontario Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health Ottawa K1G 0Z1 Ontario Canada The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada

Suicide is the second leading cause of death in youth globally; however, there is uncertainty about how best to intervene. Suicide rates are typically higher in males than females, while the converse is true for suicide attempts. We review this "gender paradox" in youth, and in particular, the age-dependency of these sex/gender differences and the developmental mechanisms that may explain them. Epidemiologic, genetic,neurodevelopmental and psychopathological research have identified suicidal behaviour risks arising from genetic vulnerabilities and sex/gender differences in early adverse environments, neurodevelopment, mental disorder and their complex interconnections. Further, evolving sex-/gender-defined social expectations and norms have been thought to influence suicide risk. In particular, how youth perceive and cope with threats and losses(including conforming to others' or one's own expectations of sex/gender identity) and adapt to pain(through substance use and helpseeking behaviours). Taken together, considering brain plasticity over the lifespan, these proposed antecedents to youth suicide highlight the importance of interventions that alter early environment(s)(e.g., childhood maltreatment) and/or one's ability to adapt to them. Further, such interventions may have more enduring protective effects, for the individual and for future generations, if implemented in youth.

关键词： Suicide Attempted suicide Sex Gender Child Adolescent Review

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