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Evaluation of morbidity in Schistosoma mansoni-positive primary and secondary school children after four years of mass drug administration of praziquantel in western Kenya

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 140-141页

作者： Bernard O.Abudho Bernard Guyah Bartholomew N.Ondigo Eric m.Ndombi Edmund Ireri jennifer m.carter Diana K.Riner Nupur Kittur Diana m.S.Karanja Daniel G.colley centre for Global Health Research(KEmRI-cGHR) Kenya Medical Research InstituteKisumuKenya Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology Maseno UniversityMasenoKenya 不详

Background:World Health Organization guidelines recommend preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel to control morbidity due to *** primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if 4 years of annual mass drug administration(mDA)in primary and secondary schools lowered potential markers of morbidity in infected children 1 year after the final mDA compared to infected children prior to initial mDA ***:Between 2012 and 2016 all students in two primary and three secondary schools within three kilometers of Lake Victoria in western Kenya received annual mass praziquantel *** evaluate potential changes in morbidity we measured height,weight,mid-upper arm circumference,hemoglobin levels,abdominal ultrasound,and quality of life in children in these *** study compared two cross-sectional samples of Schistosoma mansoni egg-positive children:one at baseline and one at year five,1 year after the fourth annual *** were analyzed for all ages(6–18 years old)and stratified by primary(6–12 years old)and secondary(12–18 years old)school ***:The prevalence of multiple potential morbidity markers did not differ significantly between the egg-positive participants at baseline and those at 5 years by mann Whitney nonparametric analysis and Fisher’s exact test for continuous and categorical data,*** was a small but significantly higher score in school-related quality of life assessment by year five compared to baseline by mann Whitney analysis(P=0.048)in 13–18 year olds where ***,anemia was not positively impacted by four annual rounds of mDA,but registered a significant negative ***:We did not detect differences in morbidity markers measured in a population of those infected or re-infected after multiple *** could have been due to their relative insensitivity or a failure of mDA to prevent morbidity among those who remain *** malaria trans

关键词： Schistosomiasis Kenya mass drug administration School-based morbidity School pediatrics quality of life scores

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Aerosol jet printed capacitive strain gauge for soft structural materials

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npj Flexible Electronics 2020年第1期4卷 279-287页

作者： Kiyo T.Fujimoto jennifer K.Watkins Timothy Phero Doug Litteken Kevin Tsai Takoda Bingham Kshama Lakshmi Ranganatha Benjamin c.Johnson Zhangxian Deng Brian Jaques David Estrada center for Advanced Energy Studies Boise State UniversityIdaho FallsIDUSA micron School of materials Science and Engineering Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA measurement Sciences Department Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsIDUSA Department of Advanced Fuel manufacturing and Development Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsIDUSA NASA Johnson Space center HoustonTXUSA Department of mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA Department of Electrical and computer Engineering Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA

Soft structural textiles,or softgoods,are used within the space industry for inflatable habitats,parachutes and decelerator *** the safety and structural integrity of these systems occurs through structural health monitoring systems(SHm),which integrate non-invasive/non-destructive testing methods to detect,diagnose,and locate ***/load monitoring of these systems is limited while utilizing traditional strain gauges as these gauges are typically stiff,operate at low temperatures,and fail when subjected to high strain that is a result of high loading classifying them as unsuitable for SHm of soft structural *** this work,a capacitance based strain gauge(cSG)was fabricated via aerosol jet printing(AJP)using silver nanoparticle ink on a flexible polymer *** strain gauges were then compared to a commercially available high elongation resistance-based strain gauge(HE-RSG)for their ability to monitor strained Kevlar straps having a 26.7 kN(6 klbf)***,static and cyclic loads were used to characterize both types of strain monitoring *** cSGs demonstrated superior performance for high elongation strain measurements when compared to commonly used HE-RSGs,and were observed to operate with a gauge factor of 5.2 when the electrode arrangement was perpendicular to the direction of strain.

关键词： strain gauge structural

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mild Stimulation versus conventional IVF: A cost-Effectiveness Evaluation

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第3期6卷 180-188页

作者： Natalie m. crawford Kashika m. Sahay jennifer E. mersereau Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA maternal and child Heath University of North carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA

Purpose: To compare the strategy for mild stimulation IVF versus conventional stimulation IVF. methods: A decision tree analytic model was created to compare IVF with mild stimulation versus convention stimulation in infertile women ch strategy is the least costly per live birth. Results: Using base-case estimates of costs and probabilities in women cumulative live birth rate in the mild versus conventional stimulation group was 15.8% versus 28.6%, respectively. The average cost for mild and convention IVF was $8789 and $14,364 per arm, respectively. In base case analysis, the IcER was $43,516 representing the additional cost per live birth with conventional IVF. One-way sensitivity analysis evaluated the robustness of the data and revealed a tradeoff in which mild IVF stimulation had lower total costs and also lower live births versus conventional stimulation. conclusions: mild stimulation IVF has a lower cost per cycle but is also associated with lower live birth rates. Patient care decisions should be individualized irrespective of cost.

关键词： minimal Stimulation mild IVF IVF Decision Analysis cost Analysis

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Sphere-forming corneal cells repopulate dystrophic keratoconic stroma:Implications for potential therapy

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World Journal of Stem cells 2020年第1期12卷 35-54页

作者： Himanshu Wadhwa Salim Ismail jennifer J mcGhee Bert Van der Werf Trevor Sherwin Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAuckland 1023New Zealand Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Population HealthFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAuckland 1023New Zealand

BAcKGROUND Keratoconus is a degenerative corneal disease characterised by aberrant cell behaviour and loss of matrix that can result in vision *** extracted from peripheral corneas can form stem cell-enriched spheres,which have shown the potential to repopulate the normal peripheral corneal stroma in vitro upon sphere implantation but have not been previously studied in keratoconic *** To investigate the therapeutic potential of stem cell-enriched spheres formed from extracted peripheral human corneal cells when introduced to keratoconic *** Stem cell-enriched spheres were formed from extracts of normal cadaveric human peripheral corneal *** spheres were implanted into incisions created in full thickness and onto the surface of 10μm thin sections of keratoconic and normal stromal tissues in *** sections were used to maximise use of limited keratoconic tissue available for *** cells were stained with calcein-Am and visualised with stereo and fluorescence microscopy to assess survival and behaviours between the time of implantation day 0 and 14 d(D14)from *** cells in implanted tissues were characterised for stem cell and differentiation markers using immunohistochemistry and droplet digital PcR to assess the potential implications of these characteristics in the use of spheres in keratoconus *** Spheres were successfully implanted into full-thickness central corneal tissue and onto the surface of 10μm thin en face tissue *** observable differences were seen in sphere migration,proliferation or differentiation in keratoconic tissue compared to normal between day 0 and *** stained positively with calcein-Am up to *** migration increased from day 0 to D14,occurring radially in three dimensions from the sphere and in alignment with tissue *** proliferation marker,EdU,was detected at day *** spheres stained positively for putative stem cell markersΔNp63

关键词： Keratoconus cell culture Immunohistochemistry Quantitative PcR Digital PcR Spheroid Holoclone Neurosphere Regeneration

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Renin-angiotensin system in the kidney: What is new?

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World Journal of Nephrology 2014年第3期3卷 64-76页

作者： Fernanda m Ferr?o Lucienne S Lara jennifer Lowe Institute of Biophysics carlos chagas Filho Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Brazil National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Brazil Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 21941-902 Brazil

The renin-angiotensin system （RAS） has been known for more than a century as a cascade that regulates body fuid balance and blood pressure. Angiotensin Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ） has many functions in different tissues; how-ever it is on the kidney that this peptide exerts its main functions. New enzymes, alternative routes for Ang Ⅱformation or even active Ang Ⅱ-derived peptides have now been described acting on Ang Ⅱ AT1 or AT2 recep-tors, or in receptors which have recently been cloned, such as mas and AT4. Another interesting observation was that old members of the RAS, such as angioten-sin converting enzyme （AcE）, renin and prorenin, well known by its enzymatic activity, can also activate intra-cellular signaling pathways, acting as an outside-in sig-nal transduction molecule or on the renin/（Pro）renin re-ceptor. moreover, the endocrine RAS, now is also known to have paracrine, autocrine and intracrine action on different tissues, expressing necessary components for local Ang Ⅱ formation. This in situ formation, especially in the kidney, increases Ang Ⅱ levels to regulate blood pressure and renal functions. These discoveries, such as the AcE2/Ang-（1-7）/mas axis and its antangonistic effect rather than classical deleterious Ang Ⅱ effects, improves the development of new drugs for treating hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

关键词： Renin-angiotensin system Angiotensin Ⅱ Kidney Hypertension treatment Receptor

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Present state and future challenges in pediatric abdominal pain therapeutics research: Looking beyond the forest

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2015年第4期6卷 96-104页

作者： craig A Friesen jennifer V Schurman Susan m Abdel-Rahman Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Children’s Mercy Kansas City Division of Developmental and Behavioral Sciences Children’s Mercy Kansas City Division of Pediatric Pharmacology Medical Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation Children’s Mercy Kansas City

At the present time, it is nearly impossible to treat pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with pain in an evidence based fashion. This is due to the overall lack of controlled studies and, even more importantly, the complexity of the contributors to disease phenotype which are not controlled or accounted for in most therapeutic trials. In this manuscript, we review the challenges of defining entry criteria, controlling for the large number of biopsychosocial factors which may effect outcomes, and understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors when designing therapeutic trials for abdominal pain in children. We also review the current state of pediatric abdominal pain therapeutics and discuss trial design considerations as we move forward.

关键词： Pharmacogenomics Functional dyspepsia Abdominal pa

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International chicken trade and increased risk for introducing or reintroducing highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) to uninfected countries

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Infectious Disease modelling 2017年第4期2卷 412-418页

作者： jennifer m.Radin Richard A.Shaffer Suzanne P.Lindsay maria Rosario GAraneta Rema Raman James H.Fowler Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health(Epidemiology) San Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182USA Department of Family and Preventive medicine University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Political Sciences University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Division of medical Genetics University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Every year billions of chickens are shipped thousands of miles around the globe in order to meet the ever increasing demands for this cheap and nutritious protein ***,transporting chickens internationally can also increase the chance for introducing zoonotic viruses,such as highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1)to new *** study used a retrospective analysis of poultry trading data from 2003 through 2011 to assess the risk of H5N1 poultry infection in an importing *** found that the risk of infection in an importing country increased by a factor of 1.3(95%cI:1.1e1.5)for every 10-fold increase in live chickens imported from countries experiencing at least one H5N1 poultry case during that *** results suggest that the risk in a particular country can be significantly reduced if imports from countries experiencing an outbreak are decreased during the year of infection or if biosecurity measures such as screening,vaccination,and infection control practices are *** findings show that limiting trade of live chickens or increasing infection control practices during contagious periods may be an important step in reducing the spread of H5N1 and other emerging avian influenza viruses.

关键词： Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) Poultry trade Transmission model Zoonotic disease

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Intermittent energy restriction in type 2 diabetes: A short discussion of medication management

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World Journal of Diabetes 2016年第20期7卷 627-630页

作者： Sharayah carter Peter m clifton jennifer B Keogh School of Pharmacy and medical Sciences University of South Australia

AIm To discuss type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2Dm) medication changes required during the popular 5:2 intermittent energy restriction(IER) diet. mETHODS A search was conducted in mEDLINE, EmBASE, AmED, cINAHL and cochrane library for original research articles investigating the use of very low calorie diets(VLcD) in people with T2 Dm. The search terms used included "VLcD" or "very low energy diet" or "very low energy restriction" or "IER" or "intermittent fasting" or "calorie restriction" or "diabetes mellitus type 2" and "type 2 diabetes". Reference lists of selected articles were also screened for relevant publications. Only research articles written in English, which also included an explanation of medication changes were included. A recent pilot trial using the 5:2 IER method, conducted by our research group, will also be *** A total of 8 studies were found that investigated the use of VLcD in T2 Dm and discussed medication management. Overall these studies indicate that the use of a VLcD for people with T2 Dm usually require the cessation of medication to prevent hypoglycemia. Therefore, the 5:2 IER method will also require medication changes, but as seen in our pilot trial, may not require total cessation of medication, rather a cessation on the 2 IER days only. cONcLUSION Guidelines outlined here can be used in the initial stages of a 2-d IER diet, but extensive blood glucose monitoring is still required to make the necessary individual reductions to medications in response to weight loss.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus/therapy Fasting caloric restriction Diabetes complication Intermittent energy restriction Obesity Very low calorie diet medication management Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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cellular crosstalk during cholestatic liver injury

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Liver Research 2017年第1期1卷 26-33页

作者： Joanne Thomson Laura Hargrove Lindsey Kennedy jennifer Demieville Heather Francis Research Central Texas Veterans Healthcare SystemTXUSA Digestive Disease Research center Baylor Scott&White HealthTXUSA medicine Texas A&M Health Science CenterTempleTXUSA

The functions of the liver are very *** detoxifying blood to storing glucose in the form of glycogen and producing bile to facilitate fat digestion,the liver is a very active and important *** liver is comprised of many varied cell types whose functions are equally *** line the biliary tree and aid in transporting and adjusting the composition of bile as it travels to the *** stellate cells and portal fibroblasts are located in different areas within the liver architecture,but both contribute to the development of fibrosis upon activation after liver *** cells,including those that constitute the peribiliary vascular plexus,are involved in functions other than blood delivery to and from the liver,such as supporting the growth of the biliary tree during *** cells are normally found in healthy livers but in very low ***,after injury,mast cell numbers greatly increase as they infiltrate and release factors that exacerbate the fibrotic *** not an all-inclusive list,these cells have individual roles within the liver,but they are also able to communicate with each other by cellular *** this review,we examine some of these pathways that can lead to an increase in the homeostatic dysfunction seen in liver injury.

关键词： mast cells Paracrine cholangiocytes Hepatic stellate cells crosstalk

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Rice Hull mulch Affects Germination of Bittercress and creeping Woodsorrel in container Plant culture

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第16期7卷 2359-2375页

作者： James E. Altland jennifer K. Boldt charles c. Krause USDA-ARS Application Technology Research Unit Wooster USA USDA-ARS Application Technology Research Unit Toledo USA

mulches are commonly used to control weeds in container nursery crops, especially in sites where preemergence herbicides are either not labeled or potentially phytotoxic to the crop. Parboiled rice hulls have been shown to provide effective weed control when applied 1.25 to 2.5 cm deep over the container substrate surface. The objective of this research was to determine if weed seed placement, above or below the mulch layer, affects flexuous bittercress or creeping woodsorrel establishment. Seeds of both species were placed either above or below rice hull mulch layers 0, 0.6, 1.3, or 2.5 cm deep in nursery containers with a 80 pine bark: 20 sphagnum peat moss substrate. Establishment of both weeds decreased with increasing mulch depth. Establishment of both species was generally greater from beneath the mulch compared to when seed were applied above the mulch. Light penetration through varying depths of rice hulls was determined with a spectroradiometer. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased exponentially with increasing rice hull depth, and was less than 1 μmol·m-2·s-1 beneath depths greater than 1 cm. Germination of both species was determined in Petri dishes placed beneath varying densities of shade cloth. Flexuous bittercress germination responded quadratically to decreasing light level, but still germinated (13%) in complete darkness after 3 weeks. creeping woodsorrel germination was not affected by light level and was high (92%) after 3 weeks. The role of light exclusion by rice hulls as a mechanism for controlling buried weed seed is discussed. Water retention immediately after irrigation, and for 24 hr following irrigation, was determined for a 2.5 cm layer of rice hulls, sphagnum peat moss, and pine bark. Rice hulls retained less water, and dried more quickly than peat moss or pine bark. The volumetric water content of the rice hull layer is less than 0.20 cm·cm-1 and what has been shown necessary for plant gro

关键词： mulch Depth Light PAR Seed Placement Nonchemical Weed control

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