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Intragroup social dynamics vary with the presence of neighbors in a cooperatively breeding fish

Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 21-31页

作者： jennifer k. hellmann Ian M. Hamilton Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Department of Mathematics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA jennifer k. hellmann Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 505 S Goodwin Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA

Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group members may mediate conflict through submissive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, stabilize dominance hierarchies, and foster group cohesion. The frequency and resolution of within-group conflict may vary with the presenee of neighboring groups. Neighbors can threaten the territory or resources of the whole group, promoting behaviors that foster within-group cohesion. However, neighbors may also foster conflict of interests among group members: opportunities for subordinate dispersal may alter conflict among dominants and subordinates while opportunities for extrapair reproduction may increase conflict between mates. To understand how neighbors mediate within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolamprologus pulcher, we measured behavioral dynamics and social network.structure in isolated groups, groups recently exposed to neighbors, and groups with established neighbors. Aggression and submission between the dominant male and female pair were high in isolated groups, but dominant aggression was directly primarily at subordinates when groups had neighbors. This suggests that neighbors attenuate conflict between mates and foster conflict between dominants and subordinates. Further, aggression and submission between similarly sized group members were most frequent when groups had neighbors, suggesting that neighbors induce rank.related conflict. We found relatively little change in within-group affiliative network. across treatments, suggesting that the presence of neighbors does not alter behaviors associated with promoting group cohesion. Collectively, these results provide some of the first empirical insights into the extent to which intragroup behavioral network. are mediated by intergroup interactions and the broader social context.

关键词： affiliation colony conflict exponential random graph model Neolamprologus pulcher network

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Pancreatic surgery and tertiary pancreatitis services warrant provision for support from a specialist diabetes team

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 598-605页

作者： Vasileios k.Mavroeidis jennifer k.apton Francesca Saffioti Daniel L Morganstein Department of HPB Surgery Bristol Royal InfirmaryUniversity Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristol BS28HWUnited Kingdom Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Southmead HospitalNorth Bristol NHS TrustBristol BS105NBUnited Kingdom Department of Academic Surgery Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW36JJUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health University College LondonLondon NW32PFUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW109NHUnited Kingdom Department of Gastrointestinal Unit Royal Marsden NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW36JJUnited Kingdom

Pancreatic surgery units undertak. several complex operations,albeit with consi-derable morbidity and mortality,as is the case for the management of complicated acute pancreatitis or chronic *** centralisation of pancreatic surgery services,with the development of designated large-volume centres,has contribu-ted to significantly improved *** this editorial,we discuss the complex associations between diabetes mellitus(DM)and pancreatic/periampullary disease in the context of pancreatic surgery and overall management of complex pancreatitis,highlighting the consequential needs and the indispensable role of specialist diabetes teams in support of tertiary pancreatic *** 3c pan-creatogenic DM,refers to DM developing in the setting of exocrine pancreatic disease,and its identification and management can be challenging,while the glycaemic control of such patients may affect their course of treatment and *** preoperative diabetes assessment is warranted to aid identification of patients who are lik.ly to need commencement or escalation of glucose lowering therapy in the postoperative *** incidence of new onset diabetes after pancreatic resection is widely variable in the literature,and depends on the type and extent of pancreatic resection,as is the case with pancreatic parenchymal loss in the context of severe *** involvement of a specialist diabetes team is essential to ensure a holistic *** the current era,large volume pancreatic surgery services commonly abide by the principles of enhanced recovery after surgery,with inclusion of provisions for optimisation of the perioperative glycaemic control,to improve *** various guidelines are available to aid perioperative management of DM,auditing and quality improvement platforms have highlighted deficiencies in the perioperative management of diabetic patients and areas of required *** need for perioperative support of diabetic

关键词： Pancreatectomy Pancreatoduodenectomy Whipple’s Pancreatitis Diabetes specialist Type 3c pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus

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Work.ng toward an integrated plasticity/network.framework.for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to inform tailored treatments

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1423-1424页

作者： Jessica Moretti jennifer Rodger Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia Brain Plasticity Lab Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia

Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques(NIBS),including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) and transcranial electric stim ulation(tES),are increasingly being adopted clinically for treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders,albeit with varying *** rationale behind the use of NIBS has historically been that stim ulation techniques modulate neuronal activity in the targeted region and consequently induce plasticity which can lead to therapeutic outcomes.

关键词： stimulation transcranial treatment

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Implications of regional identity for neural stem and progenitor cell transplantation in the injured or diseased nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 715-716页

作者： Prak.uthi Amar k.mar jennifer N.Dulin Department of Biology Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

Neural stem and progenitor cell(NSPC)transpla ntation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for replacing lost neuronal populations and repairing damaged neural circuits following nervous system injury and disease.A great deal of experimental work.has investigated the biology of NSPC grafting in preclinical animal models;more recently.

关键词： neural system injured

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Classifying moisture sources associated with snowfall in the mountains of Lesotho

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1941-1953页

作者： Alexi M.MARINAk. jennifer M.FITCHETT School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag X3Wits 2050South Africa

An average of eight snowfall events occur each year in the eastern Lesotho *** snowfall events are typically associated with cut-off low(CoLs)systems and mid-latitude ***,the moisture sources of the snowfall are unclassified and *** Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)model,an air mass back.trajectory model,has been used to evaluate moisture source waters locally in southern Africa and internationally in China and *** study uses HYSPLIT to determine the source moisture of snow in Lesotho.A list of all 82 snowfall events in Lesotho spanning 2017 to 2022 was compiled using the Snow Report SA Instagram page,including the date and location of snowfall.A 72-hour back.trajectory for each snowfall event was initiated for both Afrisk. and the whole of *** amounts to models of moisture source trajectories for 28 and 82 snowfall days,*** air mass pathways are classified according to their frequency per snowfall event,per month in the snow season,per year and for the full *** this,associated moisture source regions and dominant air mass trajectories were *** study reports that the air mass trajectories associated with Afrisk. and Lesotho as a whole are very *** most common pathway of air mass trajectories transporting snow-bearing moisture to Lesotho was an inland trajectory from the northern regions of southern *** pathway mak.s up 16.6%of all trajectories reported and is associated with the Angola Low,the Congo Air Boundary and the *** High Pressure.

关键词： Eastern Lesotho Highlands Afrisk. Snow Cut-off Lows HYSPLIT Synoptic Climatology

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Increasing polymer scission rate by tying an overhand k.ot

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3498-3499页

作者： Yuheng Hu jennifer T.Ou Jim Y.Huang Yuanning Feng Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Oklahoma

Similar to the phenomenon of k.otted ropes in life, k.otted climbing ropes will reduce their strength due to k.ots. Although computer simulations [1], theoretical speculation[2,3], and intuition [3] suggest that similar processes may occur at the nanoscale, this hypothesis has not been experimentally proven before. With the increasing maturity of molecular recognition and self-assembly, a research communication by Leigh et al. [4] published in Nature Chemistry introduced a molecular overhand k.ot into a polymer to study its effect on the scission rate of the polymer chain under tension.

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Exercise and exerk.ne upregulation:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a potential non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy for Park.nson’s disease

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BIOCELL 2024年第5期48卷 693-706页

作者： VIRAAJ VISHNU PRASAD jennifer SALLY SAMSON VENk.TACHALAM DEEPA PARVATHI Department of Biomedical Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchChennai600116India

Physical activity and exercise have several beneficial roles in enhancing both physiological and psychological well-being of an *** addition to aiding the regulation of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism,exercise can stimulate the synthesis of exerk.ne hormones in the circulatory *** several exerk.nes that have been investigated for their therapeutic potential,Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is considered the most promising candidate,especially in the management of neurodegenerative *** to the ability of physical activity to enhance BDNF synthesis,several experimental studies conducted so far have validated this hypothesis and produced satisfactory results at the pre-clinical *** review highlights some of the recent animal model studies that have evaluated the efficiency of exercise in enhancing BDNF synthesis and promoting neuroprotective ***,this review focuses on understanding the therapeutic benefits of exercise-induced exerk.ne synthesis as a non-pharmacological strategy in Park.nson’s disease(PD).Regarding physical activity and exerk.ne induction,the neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)strategy could be considered as an alternate treatment modality for patients affected with PD.

关键词： Exercise therapy Dopaminergic neurons Park.nson’s disease Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Electrical stimulation

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Geospatial Analysis of Urban Heat Island Effects and Tree Equity

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Jillian Gorrell Sharon R. Jean-Philippe Paul D. Ries jennifer k. Richards Neelam C. Poudyal Rochelle Butler School of Natural Resources University of Tennessee 203 Third Creek Building Knoxville Tennessee USA

In recent decades, Urban Heat Island Effects have become more pronounced and more widely examined. Despite great technological advances, our current societies still experience great spatial disparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced by the world’s most urbanized areas, including increased summer high temperatures and lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead of vegetation and trees. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming radiation, and releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection lik. air conditioners. This study uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island effects across the state of Tennessee. Results show that increased developed land surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surrounding forested areas. Central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had lower mean evapotranspiration recordings than surrounding areas with less development. This work.demonstrates the need for increased tree canopy coverage.

关键词： Spatial Analysis Land Cover Urban Heat Island Effect (UHIE) Evapotranspiration Tree Canopy Impervious Surface GIS Prediction Model GIS Machine Learning

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A predictive model for ethylene-mediated auxin and cytok.nin patterning in the Arabidopsis root

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Plant Communications 2024年第7期5卷 120-137页

作者： Simon Moore George Jervis jennifer F.Topping Chunli Chen Junli Liu k.ith Lindsey Department of Biosciences Durham UniversitySouth RoadDurham DH13LEUK Hubei Hongshan Laboratory College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China National k.y Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei 430070China

The interaction between auxin and cytok.nin is important in many aspects of plant *** measurements of both auxin and cytok.nin concentration and reporter gene expression clearly show the coexistence of auxin and cytok.nin concentration patterning in Arabidopsis root ***,in the context of crosstalk.among auxin,cytok.nin,and ethylene,little is k.own about how auxin and cytok.nin concentration patterns simultaneously emerge and how they regulate each other in the Arabidopsis *** work.utilizes a wide range of experimental observations to propose a mechanism for simultaneous patterning of auxin and cytok.nin *** addition to revealing the regulatory relationships between auxin and cytok.nin,this mechanism shows that ethylene signaling is an important factor in achieving simultaneous auxin and cytok.nin patterning,while also predicting other experimental *** the mechanism with a realistic in silico root model reproduces experimental observations of both auxin and cytok.nin *** made by the mechanism can be compared with a variety of experimental observations,including those obtained by our group and other independent experiments reported by other *** of these predictions include patterning of auxin biosynthesis rate,changes in PIN1 and PIN2 patterns in pin3,4,7 mutants,changes in cytok.nin patterning in the pls mutant,PLS patterning,and various trends in different *** research reveals a plausible mechanism for simultaneous patterning of auxin and cytok.nin concentrations in Arabidopsis root development and suggests a k.y role for ethylene pattern integration.

关键词： Arabidopsis root auxin patterning cytok.nin patterning ethylene signaling in silico digital root spatiotemporal modeling

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Germline Gene-Editing Creates Enhanced Livestock.Technical and Especially Ethical Issues Challenge Its Use in Humans

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 3-5页

作者： jennifer Welsh Senior Technology Writer

Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-based molecular tools,scientists are engineering-as they are also doing with plants.-animals with advantageous traits,lik. disease resistance and improved food *** these innovative techniques could one day be applied in humans,technical hurdles and ethical concerns lik.ly place this possibility far in the future,The enhancements rely on germline gene editing,which alters the genes in a way that passes the changes on to *** m-line gene editing differs from the somatic cell gene editing used in the highly promising new treatment recently approved for the human disease sick.e cell anemia.

关键词： lik.ly Create editing

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