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Immunotherapy for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第15期29卷 2261-2271页

作者： Ahan Bhatt jennifer Wu Division of Hematology and Oncology Perlmutter Cancer Center of NYU Langone HealthNYU School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016United States

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is presented frequently in late stages that are not amenable for curative *** for patients who can undergo resection for curative treatment of HCC,up to 50%*** patients who were not exposed to systemic therapy prior to recurrence,recurrence frequently cannot be subjected to curative therapy or local *** patients have several options of immunotherapy(IO).This includes programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 treatment,combination of PD-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor or single agent PD-1 therapy when all other options are deemed *** are also investigational therapies in this area that explore either PD-1 and tyrosine kinase inhibitors or a novel agent in addition to PD-1 with vascular endothelial growth factor *** minireview explored IO options for patients with recurrent HCC who were not exposed to systemic therapy at the initial *** also discussed potential IO options for patients with recurrent HCC who were exposed to first-line therapy with curative intent at diagnosis.

关键词： Liver neoplasms Immune checkpoint blockade Combination drug therapy PD-1-PD-L1 blockade CTLA-4 inhibitor

PyLUR:Efficient software for land use regression modeling the spatial distribution of air pollutants using GDAL/OGR library in Python

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 89-102页

作者： Xuying Ma Ian Longley jennifer Salmond Jay Gao School of Environment Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Auckland 1010New Zealand

Land use regression(LUR)models have been widely used in air pollution *** regressionbased approach estimates the ambient pollutant concentrations at un-sampled points of interest by considering the relationship between ambient concentrations and several predictor variables selected from the surrounding *** conceptually quite simple,its successful implementation requires detailed knowledge of the area,expertise in GIS,statistics,and programming skills,which makes this modeling approach relatively inaccessible to novice *** this contribution,we present a LUR modeling and pollution-mapping software named *** uses GDAL/OGR libraries based on the Python platform and can build a LUR model and generate pollutant concentration maps *** self-developed software comprises four modules:a potential predictor variable generation module,a regression modeling module,a model validation module,and a prediction and mapping *** performance of the newly developed PyLUR is compared to an existing LUR modeling software called RLUR(with similar functions implemented on R language platform)in terms of model accuracy,processing efficiency and software *** results show that PyLUR out-performs RLUR for modeling in the Bradford and Auckland case studies ***,PyLUR is much more efficient in data processing and it has a capability to handle detailed GIS input data.

关键词： LUR Air pollution modelling GIS spatial analysis GDAL/OGR Python Pollutant concentration mapping

Multi-criteria group decision making with fuzzy data:an extension of the VIKOR method

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2015年第4期26卷 764-773页

作者： Wenqi Jiang jennifer Shang School of Economic and Management Nanjing University of Science and Technology Katz Graduate School of Business University of Pittsburgh

The VIKOR method is a multi-criteria decision making aid, which employs linear normalization to offer compromise solu- tions and has been successfully applied to various group decision making problems. However, the conventional VIKOR techniques used to integrate group judgments and the information loss arising from defuzzification are problematic and distort final outcomes. An improved integration method, which is optimization-based, is proposed. And it can handle fuzzy criteria values and weights. The precondition for accurately defuzzifying triangular fuzzy num- bers is identified. Several effective defuzzification procedures are proposed to improve the extant VIKOR, and a comprehensive evaluation framework is offered to aid multi-criteria group decision making. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the practicability of the proposed method.

关键词： multi-criteria group decision making triangular fuzzynumbers VlKOR compromise solution.

Therapeutic potential of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and a small molecular mimics of BDNF for traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第1期12卷 7-12页

作者： Mary Wurzelmann jennifer Romeika Dong Sun Department of Neurosurgery School of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Traumatic brain injury（TBI） is a major health problem *** primary mechanical insults,a cascade of secondary injuries often leads to further neural tissue *** far there is no cure to rescue the damaged neural *** therapeutic strategies primarily target the secondary injuries focusing on neuroprotection and *** neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） has significant effect in both aspects,promoting neuronal survival,synaptic plasticity and ***,the flavonoid 7,8-dihydroxyflavone（7,8-DHF）,a small Trk B agonist that mimics BDNF function,has shown similar effects as BDNF in promoting neuronal survival and regeneration following *** to BDNF,7,8-DHF has a longer half-life and much smaller molecular size,capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier,which makes it possible for non-invasive clinical *** this review,we summarize functions of the BDNF/Trk B signaling pathway and studies examining the potential of BDNF and 7,8-DHF as a therapy for TBI.

关键词： 7 8-dihydroxyflavone brain-derived neurotrophic factor tropomyosin related kinase B(TrkB) receptor traumatic brain injury neuroregeneration neuroprotection

The roles of inter- and intra-sexual selection in behavioral isolation between native and invasive pupfishes

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 135-144页

作者： Cory BECHER jennifer M. GUMM Department of Biology Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches TX 75962 USA Department of Evolution EcologyOrganismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Male-male competition and female mate choice may both play important roles in driving and maintaining reproductive isolation between species. When previously allopatric species come into secondary contact with each other due to introductions, they provide an opportunity to evaluate the identity and strength of reproductive isolating mechanisms. If reproductive isolation is not maintained, hybridization may occur. We examined how reproductive isolating mechanisms medi- ate hybridization between endemic populations of the Red River pupfish Cyprinodon rubrofluviati- lis and the recently introduced sheepshead minnow C. variegatus. In lab-based dominance trials, males of both species won the same number of competitions. However, male C. rubrofluviatilis that won competitions were more aggressive than C, variegatus winners, and more aggression was needed to win against competitor C. variagatus than allopatric C. rubrofluviatilis. Duration of fights also differed based on the relatedness of the competitor. In dichotomous mate choice trials, there were no conspecific or heterospecific preferences expressed by females of either species. Our findings that male-male aggression differs between closely and distantly related groups, but female choice does not suggest that male-male competition may be the more likely mechanism to impede gene flow in this system.

关键词： Cyprinodon female mate choice invasive species male-male competition reproductive isolation sexual selection.

Challenges in enriching milk fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 290-298页

作者： jennifer Stamey Lanier Benjamin A.Corl Phibro Animal Health Corporation TeaneckN JUSA Department of Dairy Science Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061-031 SUSA

Milk fatty acid composition is determined by several factors including diet. The milk fatty acid profile of dairy cows is low in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially those of the n-3 series. Efforts to change and influence fatty acid profile with longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have proven challenging. Several barriers prevent easy transfer of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids to milk fat including rumen biohydrogenation and fatty acid esterification. The potential for cellular uptake and differences in fatty acid incorporation into milk fat might also have an effect, though this has received less research effort. Given physiological impediments to enriching milk fat with polyunsaturated fatty acids, manipulating the genome of the cow might provide a greater increase than diet alone, but this too may be challenged by the physiology of the cow.

关键词： Dairy cow Milk fat Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Sensitivity study of subgrid scale ocean mixing under sea ice using a two-column ocean grid in climate model CESM

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第4期9卷 594-604页

作者： Meibing JIN jennifer HUTCHINGS Yusuke KAWAGUCHI International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks AK 99775 USA College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University OR 97331 USA Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokosuka 237-0061 Japan

Brine drainage from sea ice formation plays a critical role in ocean mixing and seasonal variations of halocline in polar oceans. The horizontal scale of brine drainage and its induced convection is much smaller than a climate model grid and a model tends to produce false ocean mixing when brine drainage is averaged over a grid cell. A two-column ocean grid （TCOG） scheme was implemented in the Community Earth System Model （CESM） using coupled sea ice-ocean model setting to explicitly solve the different vertical mixing in the two sub- columns of one model grid with and without brine rejection. The fraction of grid with brine rejection was tested to be equal to the lead fraction or a small constant number in a series of sensitivity model runs forced by the same atmospheric data from 1978 to 2009. The model results were compared to observations from 29 ice tethered profilers （ITP） in the Arctic Ocean Basin from 2004 to 2009. Compared with the control run using a regular ocean grid, the TCOG simulations showed consistent reduction of model errors in salinity and mixed layer depth （MLD）. The model using a small constant fraction grid for brine rejection was found to produce the best model comparison with observations, indicating that the horizontal scale of the brine drainage is very small compared to the sea ice cover and even smaller than the lead fraction. Comparable to models using brine rejection parameterization schemes, TCOG achieved more improvements in salinity but similar in MLD.

关键词： climate model sea ice mixed-layer depth,ocean mixing brine drainage

An assessment of the climatic suitability of Afriski Mountain Resort for outdoor tourism using the Tourism climate Index(TCI)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第11期16卷 2453-2469页

作者： Kirsten NOOME jennifer M.FITCHETT School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental Studies University of the Witwatersrand

Tourism climatic Indices(TCIs)are widely used in the global North to quantify the climatic suitability of a destination for *** one such study has been conducted in southern Africa to *** is in a chronic shortage of research on tourism and climate change in the southern *** study presents the application of the TCI in Lesotho,calculated for the eastern Lesotho *** region has an emerging tourism sector,which primarily comprises outdoor *** include hiking,horse-riding,music festivals,mountain biking,cultural visits,sightseeing,and at the Afriski lodge,skiing and *** activities are reliant on climatic conditions that are conducive to the activity taking place,prolonged periods outdoors,and tourist satisfaction of the *** is a major determinant of both the length of season for these activities and the timing of peak tourist *** temperatures and changes in relative humidity and precipitation pose real threats to hiking,sightseeing and snow tourism at *** reliance of tourism in the region on specific climatic conditions for successful tourism prompted the use of the *** results classify the eastern Lesotho Highlands as having‘good'climatic conditions with an overall TCI score of 64 for the period *** TCI scores for the eastern Lesotho reveal a bimodal-shoulder,meaning the peak climatic conditions are in the regional summer months(December to February).This conflicts with the peak tourist seasons of summer and winter,which align with South African school holidays,and the timing of the most profitable tourism activity(skiing)which occurs during the winter months of June,July and *** is landlocked by South *** analysis for South Africa reveals more suitable climatic conditions for tourism than Lesotho,with significantly higher scores of 80-89.

关键词： climate Tourism climatic Index(TCI) Lesotho Highlands Outdoor tourism Snow tourism

Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancertype protein tyrosine phosphatases in cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2015年第2期34卷 61-69页

作者： Yu Du jennifer R.Grandis Department of Otolaryngology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine School of Medicine Tsinghua University

Protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPs) play an important role in regulating cell signaling events in coordination with tyrosine kinases to control cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, migration, and invasion. Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases(PTPRs) are a subgroup of PTPs that share a transmembrane domain with resulting similarities in function and target specificity. In this review, we summarize genetic and epigenetic alterations including mutation, deletion, amplification, and promoter methylation of PTPRs in cancer and consider the consequences of PTPR alterations in different types of cancers. We also summarize recent developments using PTPRs as prognostic or predictive biomarkers and/or direct targets. Increased understanding of the role of PTPRs in cancer may provide opportunities to improve therapeutic approaches.

关键词：蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶癌症体型表观遗传细胞增殖细胞信号 PTP 酶调控