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Durability Properties of Materials and Mixture Composition of Bitumen Stabilized Materials

武汉理工大学学报 2010年第17期32卷 215-226页

作者： TWAGIRA M E jenkins j.k Dept of Civil Engineering Stellenbosch University

Bitumen Stabilized Materials (BSMs) are widely recognized as environmentally friendly through significantly reduced energy consumption,reduced emissions and reuse of high percentage of RAP and recycled pavement materials. In order for these materials to be cost effective,their life-cycle performance needs to be proven. Durability of BSMs is a long-term phenomena that requires consideration during mix design. Time is very important variable for performance consideration under field conditions. The factors that influence durability and long-term performance of BSMs include the mineral aggregates,binder and mixture compositions. In this study,the important,but less understood aspects of durability properties of BSMs were investigated. These include wear and tear of mineral aggregates,age-hardening of binder (foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion) and moisture susceptibility of typical mix composition. The wear and tear was investigated using Durability Mill Index (DMI) test,binder ageing was investigated for short and long-term effect,and moisture susceptibility was investigated by pulsing water pressures using new device i.e. moisture induction simulation test (MIST). The accelerated moisture conditioning simulates field conditions whereafter retained shear properties are evaluated. The results found that durability of mineral aggregates is significantly influences by the type and nature of mineral composition. The ageing of binder occurred in both short and long-term conditions,with short-term effects being dominating the foamed bitumen properties during laboratory production. Moisture susceptibility is significantly influenced by the mix compositions of aggregates blends with and without RAP,with different bitumen binder types (foamed bitumen or bitumen emulsion) and active filler type (cement or lime) and contents. The evaluation and ranking of mixes which are resistant and susceptible to moisture damage was done using retained cohesion (RC) after dry and wet monoton

关键词： durability properties bitumen stabilized materials moisture susceptibility ageing

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解析西格蒙德·弗洛伊德《梦的解析》

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作者： William j. jenkins

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Methodology of Single Crystal Growth and Microstructure Analysis of CoTi(Zr) Intermetallic Compounds

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2005年第6期21卷 817-821页

作者： Mike L.jenkins Glyn TAYLOR Department of Materials University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PH UK

The effects of preparation and crystal growth methods on the microstructure, composition, and oxidation of CoTi（Zr） intermetallics were dealt with . A group of methods has been used to produce CoTi and CoTi（Zr） crystals to prevent the formation of titanium oxide particles during melting and crystal growth. The results show that more oxides formed when using powdered starting materials even though the metals handled were and melted under an inert gas atmosphere; using bulk starting materials produced alloys showed less oxidation than powders, but adding a small amount of AI to getter the oxygen was not sufficient to prevent TiO2 formation. However, using a slightly reducing atmosphere during initial melting was highly effective in reducing the formation of oxide. Crystal growth carried out in Ar did not reduce the amount of oxide but only redistributed the particles. TiO2 particles were found only in the grain boundaries after crystal growing, where they obstructed grain growth. Crystal growth in a vacuum was found to be essential in producing oxide free crystals. A seed selection technique was developed and used in growing CoTi single crystals. The microstructures of the samples were determined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, including the morphologies, grain sizes, oxide distributions and crystal structure confirmation.

关键词： CoTi CoTi(Zr) Intermetallics Crystal growth Nicrostructure

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Computational engineering analysis of external geometrical modifications on MQ-1 unmanned combat aerial vehicle

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Chinese journal of Aeronautics 2020年第4期33卷 1154-1165页

作者： Prakash BAGUL Zeeshan A.RANA karl W.jenkins LászlókoNoZSY Centre for Computational Engineering Sciences Cranfield UniversityCranfield MK43 OALUnited Kingdom

This paper focuses on the effects of external geometrical modifications on the aerodynamic characteristics of the MQ-1 predator Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle(UCAV)using computational fluid *** investigations are performed for 16 flight conditions at an altitude of7.6 km and at a constant speed of 56.32 m/*** models are analysed,namely the baseline model and the model with external geometrical modifications installed on *** the models are investigated for various angles of attack from-4°to 16°,angles of bank from 0°to 6°and angles of yaw from 0°to 4°.Due to the unavailability of any experimental(wind tunnel or flight test)data for this UCAV in the literature,a thorough verification of calculations process is presented to demonstrate confidence level in the numerical *** analysis quantifies the loss of lift and increase in drag for the modified version of the MQ-1 predator UCAV along with the identification of stall *** improvement(in drag)of up to 96%has been obtained by relocating external modifications,whereas global drag force reduction of roughly 0.5%is *** effects of external geometrical modifications on the control surfaces indicate the blanking phenomenon and reduction in forces on the control surfaces that can reduce the aerodynamic performance of the UCAV.

关键词： Aerodynamics CFD Geometrical modifications MQ-1 predator Turbulent flows Unmanned combat aerial vehicle Unsteady Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes

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Landslide Research at the British Geological Survey:Capture,Storage and Interpretation on a National and Site-Specific Scale

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 991-999页

作者： Catherine PENNINGTON Claire FOSTER jonathan CHAMBERS Gareth jenkins British Geological Survey KeyworthNottinghamshireNG12 5GGUK

Landslide research at the British Geological Survey （BGS） is carried out through a number of activities, including surveying, database development and real-time monitoring of landslides. Landslide mapping across the Uk has been carried out since BGS started geological mapping in 1835. Today, BGS geologists use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based investigations to survey landslides. The development of waterproof tablet computers （BGS＇SIGMAmobile）, with inbuilt GPS and GIS for field data capture provides an accurate and rapid mapping methodology for field surveys. Regional and national mapping of landslides is carried out in conjunction with site-specific monitoring, using terrestrial LiDAR and differential GPS technologies, which BGS has successfully developed for this application. In addition to surface monitoring, BGS is currently developing geophysical ground-imaging systems for landslide monitoring, which provide real-time information on subsurface changes prior to failure events. BGS＇s mapping and monitoring activities directly feed into the BGS National Landslide Database, the most extensive source of information on landslides in Great Britain. It currently holds over 14 000 records of landslide events. By combining BGS＇s corporate datasets with expert knowledge, BGS has developed a landslide hazard assessment tool, GeoSure, which provides information on the relative landslide hazard susceptibility at national scale.

关键词： landslide National Landslide Database GeoSure hazard LiDAR geophysics

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Innovative approaches to genome editing in avian species

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 278-284页

作者： Caitlin A.Cooper Timothy j.Doran Arjun Challagulla Mark L.V.Tizard kristie A.jenkins CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Australian Animal Health Laboratory

The tools available for genome engineering have significantly improved over the last 5 years, allowing scientist to make precise edits to the genome. Along with the development of these new genome editing tools has come advancements in technologies used to deliver them. In mammals genome engineering tools are typically delivered into in vitro fertilized single cell embryos which are subsequently cultured and then implanted into a recipient *** avian species this is not possible, so other methods have been developed for genome engineering in birds. The most common involves in vitro culturing of primordial germ cells(PGCs), which are cells that migrate through the embryonic circulatory system to the developing gonad and colonize the gonad, eventually differentiating into the gonadocytes which produce either sperm or ova. While in culture the PGCs can be modified to carry novel transgenes or gene edits, the population can be screened and enriched, and then transferred into a recipient embryo. The largest drawback of PGC culture is that culture methods do not transfer well across avian species, thus there are reliable culture methods for only a few species including the chicken. Two newer technologies that appear to be more easily adapted in a wider range of avian species are direct injection and sperm transfection assisted gene editing(STAGE).The direct injection method involves injecting genome engineering tools into the circulatory system of the developing embryo just prior to the developmental time point when the PGCs are migrating to the gonads. The genome engineering tools are complexed with transfection reagents, allowing for in vivo transfection of the PGCs. STAGE utilizes sperm transfection to deliver genome engineering tools directly to the newly fertilized embryo. Preliminary evidence indicates that both methodologies have the potential to be adapted for use in birds species other than the chicken, however further work is needed in this area.

关键词： Avian CRISPR Genome engineering PGCs Sperm TALEN

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Immunology of a unique biological structure:the Echinococcus laminated layer

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Protein & Cell 2023年第2期14卷 87-104页

作者： Álvaro Díaz Anabella ABarrios Leticia Grezzi Camila Mouhape Stephen j.jenkins judith E.Allen Cecilia Casaravilla Área Inmunología Departamento de Biociencias(Facultad de Química)and Cátedra de InmunologíaInstituto de Química Biológica(Facultad de Ciencias)Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay Centre for Inflammation Research Queen's Medical Research InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH89JUUK Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterM139NQUK

The larval stages of the cestode parasites belonging to the genus Echinococcus grow within internal organs of humans and a range of animal *** resulting diseases,collectively termed echinococcoses,include major neglected tropical diseases of humans and *** larvae are outwardly protected by the laminated layer(LL),an acellular structure that is unique to this *** LL is based on a fibrillar meshwork made up of mucins,which are decorated by galactose-rich *** addition,in the species cluster termed *** sensu lato,the LL features nano-deposits of the calcium salt of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate(Insp_(6)).The main purpose of our article is to update the immunobiology of the *** recent advances in this area are(i)the demonstration of LL“debris”at the infection site and draining lymph nodes,(ii)the characterization of the decoy activity of calcium Inp6 with respect to complement,(iii)the evidence that the LL mucin carbohydrates interact specifically with a lectin receptor expressed in kupffer cells(Clec4F),and(iv)the characterization of what appear to be receptor-independent effects of LL particles on dendritic cells and *** information is missing on the immunology of this intriguing structure:we discuss gaps in knowledge and propose possible avenues for research.

关键词： mucin complement Echinococcus macrophage dendritic cell Clec4F

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New insights into the in-process densification mechanism of cold spray Al coatings: Low deposition efficiency induced densification

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第3期35卷 427-431页

作者： Richard jenkins Shuo Yin Barry Aldwell Morten Meyer Rocco Lupoi Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

This work details new insights into the in-process densification mechanism of cold spray Al coatings. The results show a trend counter to common observations: coating plastic deformation levels and coating density decreases with an increase in particle impact velocity. A lower particle impact velocity and the consequent lower deposition efficiency(DE) results in greater tamping energy per unit volume of deposit,which is the primary reason for the observed trend. This is the first time that DE has been shown to have a non-linear impact on the density of a cold spray coating, with particle in-process tamping being the primary mechanism for coating densification.

关键词： Coating Hardness test Plastic deformation Tamping

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Using a 3-D multicellular simulation of spinal cord injury with live cell imaging to study the neural immune barrier to nanoparticle uptake

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Nano Research 2016年第8期9卷 2384-2397页

作者： Alan P. Weightman Stuart I. jenkins Divya M. Chari Cellular and Neural Engineering Group Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Huxley Building Keele University Keele ST55BG UK

Development of nanoparticle （NP） based therapies to promote regeneration in sites of central nervous system （CNS; i.e, brain and spinal cord） pathology relies critically on the availability of experimental models that offer biologically valid predictions of NP fate in vivo. However, there is a major lack of biological models that mimic the pathological complexity of target neural sites in vivo, particularly the responses of resident neural immune cells to NPs. Here, we have utilised a previously developed in vitro model of traumatic spinal cord injury （based on 3-D organotypic slice arrays） with dynamic time lapse imaging to reveal in real-time the acute cellular fate of NPs within injury foci. We demonstrate the utility of our model in revealing the well documented phenomenon of avid NP sequestration by the intrinsic immune cells of the CNS （the microglia）. Such immune sequestration is a known translational barrier to the use of NP-based therapeutics for neurological injury. Accordingly, we suggest that the utility of our model in mimicking microglial sequestration behaviours offers a valuable investigative tool to evaluate strategies to overcome this cellular response within a simple and biologically relevant experimental system, whilst reducing the use of live animal neurological injury models for such studies.

关键词： organotypic slice culture microglia immune barrier corticosteroid dexamethasone time lapse microscopy

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Organizational Leadership in a Postmodern World： Practical Implications for Contemporary Religious Leaders

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journalism and Mass Communication 2012年第12期2卷 1139-1148页

作者： j. jacob jenkins California State University Channel Islands Camarillo USA

We live in an increasingly postmodern society. American Christianity, however, is imbued in a modem---even pre-modern--paradigm. As a result, many contemporary religious leaders find it difficult to communicate with their postmodern constituents, as evidenced by declining attendance rates and religious affiliation. The present study explores this dilemma by offering potential implications for contemporary religious leaders to communicate more effectively with emerging/emergent generation（s）. The author begins this exploration, first, by outlining the philosophical tenants of postmodemism： its epistemological, ontological, and axiological assumptions. Second, the author delineates several key characteristics of postmodern religious communication. Next, the author offers three practical implications for organizational leaders：（1） increased use of personal narrative, （2） removal of hierarchal boundary structures, and （3） increased awareness and appreciation for divergent perspectives. The author concludes this study with directions for future research.

关键词： postmodernism organizational leadership narrative paradigm communication privacy management(CPM) theory coordinated management of meaning (CMM)

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