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Ecological speciation in Darwin＇s finches： Parsing the effects of magic traits

Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 8-19页

作者： jeffrey PODOs Rie DYBBOE Mads Ole JENsEN Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA Department of Biology University of Copenhagen The August Krogh Bldg. Universitetsparken 13 DK-2100 CopenhagenDenmark Horsens statsskole Studenterwenget 2 7000 Horsens Denmark

Many recent studies of ecological speciation have focused on ＂magic trait＂ scenarios, in which divergent selection on viability traits leads inextricably to corresponding divergence in mechanisms, especially mate recognition systems, that facilitate assortative mating. speciation however may also proceed via other scenarios, such as when populations experience directly se- lected or random divergence in mate recognition systems. The relative contributions of magic trait versus other scenarios for speciation remain virtually unexplored. The present study aims to test the relative contribution of the magic trait scenario in the divergence of populations of the medium ground finch Geospiza fortis of santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. First, we assess differ- ences in G. fortis song between a northern population （Borrero Bay） and a southeastern population （El Garrapatero）, differences that we propose （along with other within-island geographic song variations） have arisen via scenarios that do not involve a magic trait scenario. Pairwise comparisons of raw and composite （PC） song parameters, as well as discriminant functions analyses, re- veal significant patterns of song divergence between sites. second, we test the ability of territorial males at Borrero Bay to dis- criminate songs from the two sites. We find that G. fortis males can discriminate within-island song variants, responding more strongly to local than to ＂foreign＂ songs, along 3 raw and 1 composite response measures. Third, we compare these findings to prior data sets on song divergence and discrimination in santa Cruz G. fortis. These comparisons suggest that song divergence and discrimination are shaped less strongly by geographic sources than by morphological （beak-related） sources. We thus argue that interpopulation song divergence and discrimination, fundamental elements of assortative mating in Darwin＇s finches, can be fos- tered in early stages of divergence under magic trait as well as alternative scenar

关键词： Galapagos Bird song Geographic variation Acoustic communication

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Empirical modeling of dopability in diamond-like semiconductors

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 69-76页

作者： samuel A.Miller Maxwell Dylla shashwat Anand Kiarash G.ordiz G.jeffrey snyder Eric s.Toberer Northwestern University EvanstonIL 60208USA Colorado school of Mines GoldenCO 80401USA National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO 80401USA

Carrier concentration optimization has been an enduring challenge when developing newly discovered semiconductors for applications(e.g.,thermoelectrics,transparent conductors,photovoltaics).This barrier has been particularly pernicious in the realm of high-throughput property prediction,where the carrier concentration is often assumed to be a free parameter and the limits are not predicted due to the high computational *** this work,we explore the application of machine learning for high-throughput carrier concentration range *** the model within diamond-like semiconductors,the learning set was developed from experimental carrier concentration data on 127 compounds ranging from unary to *** data were analyzed using various statistical and machine learning *** predictions of carrier concentration ranges in diamond-like semiconductors are made within approximately one order of magnitude on average across both p-and n-type *** model fit to empirical data is analyzed to understand what drives trends in carrier concentration and compared with previous computational ***,dopability predictions from this model are combined with high-throughput quality factor predictions to identify promising thermoelectric materials.

关键词： diamond transparent semiconductors

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Efficacy,durability,and safety of intravitreal faricimab up to every 16 weeks for neovascular age-related macular degeneration(TENAYA and LUCERNE):two randomised,double-masked,phase 3,non-inferiority trials

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四川生理科学杂志 2021年第11期43卷 1991-1991页

作者： jeffrey s Heier Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston Boston MA USA sierra Eye Associates Reno NV USA The University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine Reno NV USA Clinica de Ojos Garza Viejo San Pedro Garza Garcia Nuevo Leon Mexico Genentech South San Francisco CA USA Roche Products (Ireland) Dublin Ireland Vitreoretinal Consultants of New York Great Neck NY USA Clinica Baviera Ramon y Cajal University Hospital Madrid Spain Department of Ophthalmology and GRADE Reading Center University of Bonn Bonn Germany Roche Products Welwyn Garden City UK Department of Ophthalmology and Visual sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China Mid Atlantic Retina Wills Eye Hospital Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA Hoffmann-La Roche Mississauga ON Canada Fondazione IRCCs Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy Department of Clinical sciences and Community Health University of Milan Milan Italy singapore National Eye Centre Duke-NUS Medical School National University of Singapore Singapore

Background:Faricimab is a bispecific antibody that acts through dual inhibition of both angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor *** report primary results of two phase 3 trials evaluating intravitreal fa... 详细信息

关键词： degeneration macular durability

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Multi-objective parametrization of interatomic potentials for large deformation pathways and fracture of two-dimensional materials

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1042-1052页

作者： Xu Zhang Hoang Nguyen jeffrey T.Paci subramanian K.R.s.sankaranarayanan Jose L.Mendoza-Cortes Horacio D.Espinosa Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Department of Chemistry University of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Department of Chemical Engineering&Materials science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA

This investigation presents a generally applicable framework for parameterizing interatomic potentials to accurately capture large deformation *** incorporates a multi-objective genetic algorithm,training and screening property sets,and correlation and principal component *** framework enables iterative definition of properties in the training and screening sets,guided by correlation relationships between properties,aiming to achieve optimal parametrizations for properties of ***,the performance of increasingly complex potentials,Buckingham,stillinger-Weber,Tersoff,and modified reactive empirical bond-order potentials are *** Mose_(2)as a case study,we demonstrate good reproducibility of training/screening properties and superior *** Mose_(2),the best performance is achieved using the Tersoff potential,which is ascribed to its apparent higher flexibility embedded in its functional *** results should facilitate the selection and parametrization of interatomic potentials for exploring mechanical and phononic properties of a large library of two-dimensional and bulk materials.

关键词： materials apparent enable

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Primary metabolism:It’s more than what's for dinner

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Molecular Plant 2021年第8期14卷 1219-1220页

作者： jeffrey C.Anderson scott C.Peck Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Division of Biochemistry Christopher S Bond.Life Sciences CenterInterdisciplinary Plant GroupUniversity of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbiaMO 65211USA

At the risk of oversimplifying,plant–pathogen interactions are a battle for nutrients in the form of primary metabolic *** have *** want ***,amino acids,and organic acids are continuously being exported from source cells to supply both other plant cells and potentially beneficial microorganisms(Kim et al.,2021).Logically,plants attempt to restrict access to pathogens by withholding these nutrients upon infection;and successful pathogens have evolved strategies to restore nutrient availability(Kim et al.,2021).

关键词： simplify restrict continuously

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Development and characterization of saccharomyces cerevisiae strains genetically modified to over-express the pentose phosphate pathway regulating transcription factor sTB5 in the presence of xylose

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systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2021年第1期1卷 42-57页

作者： William Hohenschuh Ronald E.Hector jeffrey A.Mertens Ganti s.Murthy Biological and Ecological Engineering Oregon State University116 Gilmore HallCorvallisOR 97331USA UsDA ARSNCAURPeoriaIL 61604USA Present Address:EMD serono Inc. RocklandMA 02370USA Present Address:Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-IndorePOD 1A704 Khandwa RoadSimrolMadhya Pradesh 453552India

Background several enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway of saccharomyces cerevisiae have been identified as relating to the constraint of xylose consumption and conversion to ***,no strategy has been proposed for simultaneous regulation of all contributing *** multiple enzymes contribute to constraint,over expression of a native transcription factor controlling the entire constraining pathway may provide optimal pathway wide *** characterization of this strain on both pure sugars and lignocellulosic hydrolysates would provide an opportunity to identify additional bot-tlenecks not addressed by the modification of the pentose phosphate pathway expression *** A series of strains were developed expressing sTB5 and PGI1 under the control of a novel xylose inducible *** transcription of sTB5 and its regulatory targets was verified via *** statistically significant difference was found in terms of xylose consumption or ethanol yield in these strains versus control *** consumption through both the fermentative and respiratory pathways appeared to be related to oxygen availability and culture density with high-density(low oxygen)cultures consuming xylose more slowly than low-density *** maximum specific consumption rate for high-density cultures was 0.21 g xylose/gDCW/h versus 0.41 g xylose/gDCW/h in lower density *** similar ethanol yields at high and low density(approximately 0.25 g ethanol/g xylose)suggest that the maximum rate of fermentation is linked to the rate of respiration in a stoichiometric *** This study did not find evidence supporting the pentose phosphate pathway constraint identified in other ***,NAD+availability mediated by oxygen availability and citric acid cycle flux was suggested to limit *** increased aeration could provide increased conversion of NAD+to NADH(and a stoichiometric increase in fermen-tatio

关键词： Xylose Ethanol Biofuel Lignocellulose Metabolic bottlenecks sTB5 Xylose inducible NAD+/NADH Cofactor imbalance saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Volcano video data characterized and classified using computer vision and machine learning algorithms

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1789-1803页

作者： Alex J.C.Witsil jeffrey B.Johnson Department of Geosciences Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA

Video cameras are common at volcano observatories,but their utility is often limited during periods of crisis due to the large data volume from continuous acquisition and time requirements for manual *** cameras to serve as effective monitoring tools,video frames must be synthesized into relevant time series signals and further analyzed to classify and characterize observable *** this study,we use computer vision and machine learning algorithms to identify periods of volcanic activity and quantify plume rise velocities from video *** were collected at Villarrica Volcano,Chile from two visible band cameras located^17 km from the vent that recorded at 0.1 and 30 frames per second between February and April *** these two months,Villarrica exhibited a diverse range of eruptive activity,including a paroxysmal eruption on 3 *** to and after the eruption,activity included nighttime incandescence,dark and light emissions,inactivity,and periods of cloud *** quantify the color and spatial extent of plume emissions using a blob detection algorithm,whose outputs are fed into a trained artificial neural network that categorizes the observable activity into five *** shifts from primarily nighttime incandescence to ash emissions following the 3 March paroxysm,which likely relates to the reemergence of the buried lava *** periods exhibiting plume emissions are further analyzed using a row and column projection algorithm that identifies plume onsets and calculates apparent plume horizontal and vertical rise *** onsets are episodic,occurring with an average period of^50 s and suggests a puffing style of degassing,which is commonly observed at ***,the lack of clear acoustic transients in the accompanying infrasound record suggests puffing may be controlled by atmospheric effects rather than a degassing regime at the *** presented here offer a generalized toolset for volcano monito

关键词： Volcano monitoring Plume exit velocity Volcano webcam Image processing Machine learning Villarrica

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significance of glacio-morphological factors in glacier retreat：a case study of part of Chenab basin,Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain science 2017年第1期14卷 128-141页

作者： Rupal M.BRAHMBHATT I.M.BAHUGUNA B.P RATHORE Anil V.KULKARNI Rajesh D.sHAH A.s.RAJAWAT jeffrey s.KARGEL M.G. science Institute Ahmedabad - 380009 India space Applications Centre ISRO Ahmedabad - 380015 India Indian Institute of science Bangalore-560012 India Department of Hydrology & Water Resources University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA

A study has been carried out in part of Chenab basin,Himalaya to understand the relationship between glacio-morphological factors and change in glacial area. Initially change in areal extent of glaciers was derived for two time frames(1962-2001/02 and 2001/02-2010/11). The study comprised of 324 glaciers for the monitoring period of 1962-2001/02 for,which 11% loss in glacial area was observed. Two hundred and thirty-eight glaciers were further monitored between 2001/02 and 2010/11. These glaciers showed an area loss of 1.1%. The annual deglaciation has been found to be higher during the period of 1962-2001/02 compared to 2001/02-2010/11. The spatial and temporal variability in deglaciation was also addressed usingglacio-morphic parameters. Area,length,percentage of debris cover,and various elevation parameters of glaciers were observed to have significant controls on relationships to the rate of glacial shrinkage. Largerarea and longer glaciers show a lower percentage of retreat than smaller and shorter ones. Moreover,glaciers located at lower altitudes and having gentle slopes show more area retreat. The results of area retreat in debris covered and debris free glaciers supports that the glaciers covered by debris retard ice melting at some extent. 158 glaciers were observed having no debris cover,and these exhibit 14% of loss in surface area. In glaciers having 40% debris cover,8% of deglaciation was observed. The glaciers located below equilibrium line altitude(ELA) have experienced 4.6% of deglaciation for the time frame 2001/02 – 2010/11 whereas it was found to be 1.1% for the glaciers occurring above ELA. However,theorientation of glaciers did not show any considerable influence on glacial change based on hypothesis.

关键词： Glacier retreat Aspect slope Altitude Debris cover Areal extent Climate change

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Decomposing the drivers of residential space cooling energy consumption in EU-28 countries using a panel data approach

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2020年第4期1卷 432-442页

作者： Andreas Andreou John barrett Peter G.Taylor Paul E.Brockway Zia Wadud sustainability Research Institute School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK Low Carbon Energy Research Group School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK spatial Modelling and Dynamics Research Group Institute for Transport StudiesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

While space cooling currently represents less than 1%of final energy use in the residential sector of the Euro-pean Union(EU-28),it was the fastest growing end-use during the 2000-15 period with a mean annual growth rate of 6%per ***,little is known about factors which have driven regional air-conditioning(AC)energy consumption over time,since the literature is limited to cross-sectional studies that lack differentiation between climatic and non-climatic *** projections for the EU’s electricity sector may therefore neglect the potential implications of rapidly growing AC *** develop a novel decomposition framework,which breaks down residential space cooling energy consumption in EU-28 countries into the effect of different components from 2000 to *** is extended to panel data models identifying specific drivers of space cooling’s climate-sensitive ***,we explore scenarios of residential AC energy consumption up to 2050 and evaluate their impact on summer time peak *** diffusion was found to be the key driver of space cooling energy consumption,but this effect was partly counterbalanced by efficiency *** weather influences AC equipment ownership rate in EU-28 households,personal income has a larger marginal *** baseline scenarios,AC diffusion saturates by 2050,while modestly increasing sectoral final energy ***,our range of scenario values for space cooling energy consumption in 2050 exceed the majority of those originat-ing from recently published *** a future renewables-driven electricity system,energy security risks may emerge from a scenario of fast AC up-take in new and renovated buildings,especially for colder European countries where modelled peak cooling electricity demand is shown to outgrow the projected expansion of solar *** findings have important implications for the EU’s strategy to decarbonise energy supply.

关键词： space cooling AC diffusion Decomposition analysis Panel data model Peak demand

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Movements and diving behavior of internesting green turtles along Pacific Costa Rica

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 293-306页

作者： Gabriela s.BLANCO stephen J.MORREALE jeffrey A.sEMINOFF Frank V.PALADINO Rotney PIEDRA James R.sPOTILA Department of Biology Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Natural Resources Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA National Marine Fisheries service Southwest Fisheries Science CenterLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue UniversityFort WayneIndianaUSA Leatherback National Marine Park Ministry of EnvironmentEnergy and Telecommunications San JoseCosta Rica

Using satellite transmitters,we determined the internesting movements,spatial ecology and diving behavior of East Pacific green turtles(Chelonia mydas)nesting on Nombre de Jesús and Zapotillal beaches along the Pacific coast of northwestern Costa *** density analysis indicated that turtles spent most of their time in a particularly small area in the vicinity of the nesting beaches(50%utilization distribution was an area of 3 km^(2)).Minimum daily distance traveled during a 12 day internesting period was 4.6±3.5 *** were short and primarily occupied the upper 10 m of the water *** spent most of their time resting at the surface and conducting U-dives(ranging from 60 to 81%of the total tracking time involved in those activities).Turtles showed a strong diel pattern,U-dives mainly took place during the day and turtles spent a large amount of time resting at the surface at *** lack of long-distance movements demonstrated that this area was heavily utilized by turtles during the nesting season and,therefore,was a crucial location for conservation of this highly endangered green turtle *** unique behavior of these turtles in resting at the surface at night might make them particularly vulnerable to fishing activities near the nesting beaches.

关键词： Chelonia mydas Costa Rica East Pacific green turtle internesting period satellite telemetry

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