检索结果-南通市图书馆

Using economic instruments to overcome obstacles to in situ conservation of biodiversity

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2006年第1期1卷 25-31页

作者： jeffrey A.McNEELY IUCN-The World Conservation Union GlandSwitzerland

The leading direct cause of the loss of biodiversity is habitat alteration and *** we are to address this cause directly,we need to find ways of changing the behavior of rural *** has shown that this is done most effectively through the use of economic instruments,ranging from taxes that discourage over-exploitation,to direct payments for conservation activities carried out by rural land-owners or those occupying the *** many parts of the world,governments provide incentives such as tax breaks to private *** countries recognize specific use rights on particular parts of the land,enabling the land-owners to earn appropriate *** many protected areas have resident human populations,it is especially important that they be encouraged to contribute to the objectives of the protected area,and economic incentives offer an important way of doing so;they might,for example,be given employment in the protected area or in associated tourism *** payments to farmers for conserving watersheds is becoming increasingly popular,in both developed and developing *** conservation will require both removing perverse subsidies and developing a wide range of approaches for rewarding land-owners for biodiversity conservation activities.

关键词： ecosystem services incentives indigenous peoples protected areas resource rights

Systems or species? Approaches to conservation for the 21st century

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2006年第2期1卷 86-95页

作者： jeffrey A.McNEELY IUCN-The World Conservation Union GlandSwitzerland

One of the hot debates in the conservation community is whether to focus on individual species(for example,through species recovery plans,or lists of threatened species)or on systems approaches(such as the ecosystem approach advocated by the Convention on Biological Diversity).This paper will discuss some of the various options,before reaching a conclusion that both approaches are valid and mutually reinforcing,and that the dichotomy is a false *** more importantly,no conservation investment is likely to be effective if economic,social,and political factors are driving in the opposite ***,we need multiple approaches that build a stronger political constituency,new ways of providing knowledge for decisions,better ways of mobilizing information and dynamic approaches that enable us to adapt to changing conditions,and new ways to generate funding for conservation.

关键词： biodiversity conservation ecosystem approach protected areas species

Rice Interploidy Crosses Disrupt Epigenetic Regulation, Gene Expression, and Seed Development

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Molecular Plant 2018年第2期11卷 300-314页

作者： Limei wang Jingya Yuan Yujie Ma Wu Jiao Wenxue Ye Dong-Lei Yang Chuandeng Yi Z. jeffrey Chen State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural University 1 Weigang Road Nanjing 210095 China Department of Molecular Biosciences Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics The University of Texasat Austin Austin TX 78712 USA Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China

Seed development in angiosperms requires a 2：1 maternal-to-paternal genome ratio （2m：lp） in the endo- sperm. When the ratio is disrupted, the seed development is impaired. Rice interploidy crosses result in endosperm failures, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that the defective endosperm in rice interploidy crosses was associated with nonadditive expression of small RNAs and protein-coding genes. Interestingly, 24-nt small interfering RNAs were enriched in the 5＇ and 3＇ flanking sequences of nonadditively expressed genes in the interploidy crosses and were negatively associated with the expression of imprinted genes. Furthermore, some PRC2 family genes and DNA methylaUon-related genes including OsMETlb and OsCMT3a were upregulated in the 2x4 cross （polli- nating a diploid ＂mother＂ with a tetraploid ＂father＂） but repressed in the reciprocal cross. These different epigenetic effects could lead to precocious or delayed cellularization during endosperm development. Notably, many endosperm-preferred genes, including starch metabolic and storage protein genes during grain filling, were found to be associated with DNA methylation or H3K27me3, which are repressed in both 2×4 and 4 ×2 crosses. WUSCHEL homeobox2 （WOX2）-Iike （WOX2L）, an endosperm-preferred gene, was expressed specifically in the rice endosperm, in contrast to WOX2 expression in the Arabidopsis embryo. Disruption of WOX2L in transgenic rice by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing blocked starch and protein accumulation, resulting in seed abortion. In addition to gene repression, disrupting epigenetic process in the interploidy crosses also induced expression of stress-responsive genes. Thus, maintaining the 2m：lp genome ratio in the endosperm is essential for normal grain development in rice and other cereal crops.

关键词： seed polyploidy small RNA gene expression endosperm epigenetics

Minimally invasive treatment of pancreatic necrosis

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第46期18卷 6829-6835页

作者： Brian Bello jeffrey B Matthews Department of Surgery School of Medicine University of Chicago

AIM: To systematically review these minimally invasive approaches to infected pancreatic necrosis. METHODS: We used the MEDLINE database to investigate studies between 1996 and 2010 with greater than 10 patients that examined these techniques. Using a combination of Boolean operators, reports were retrieved addressing percutaneous therapy (341 studies), endoscopic necrosectomy (574 studies), laparoscopic necrosectomy via a transperitoneal approach (148 studies), and retroperitoneal necrosectomy (194 studies). Only cohorts with at least 10 or more patients were included. Non-English papers, letters, animal studies, duplicate series and reviews without original data were excluded, leaving a total of 27 studies for analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies with 947 patients total were examined (eight studies on percutaneous approach; ten studies on endoscopic necrosectomy; two studies on laparoscopic necrosectomy via a transperitoneal approach; five studies on retroperitoneal necrosectomy; and two studies on a combined percutaneous-retroperitoneal approach). Success rate, complications, mortality, and number of procedures were outcomes that were included in the review. We found that most published reports were retrospective in nature, and thus, susceptible to selection and publication bias. Few reports examined these techniques in a comparative, prospective manner. CONCLUSION: Each minimally invasive approach though was found to be safe and feasible in multiple reports. With these new techniques, treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis remains a challenge. We advocate a multidisciplinary approach to this complex problem with treatment individualized to each patient.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic necrosis Necrosectomy Laparoscopic necrosectomy

Hematological changes during androgen deprivation therapy

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第2期14卷 187-192页

作者： Mathis Grossmann jeffrey D Zajac Department of Medicine Austin Health/Northern Health University of Melbourne Heidelberg Vic. 3084 Australia

Androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） has been associated with a plethora of adverse effects, consistent with the androgen dependency of multiple reproductive and somatic tissues. One such tissue is the hemopoietic system, and one of the most predictable consequences of ADT is the development of anemia. Although anemia caused by ADT is rarely severe, ADT is often given to frail, elderly men with increased susceptibility to anemia due to multiple other causes. ADT-associated anemia may contribute to fatigue and reduced quality of life （QoL） in such men, although this requires further study. While anemia is an independent risk factor of mortality in men with prostate cancer, it is not known whether treatment of ADT-associated anemia alters clinically important outcomes, or whether treatment affects mortality. Awareness of the phenomenon of ADT-induced anemia should avoid unnecessary work-up in mild cases of normocytic normochromic anemia. However, assessment and treatment of more severe anemia may be required. This should be determined on an individual basis. In contrast to the weli-descrihed actions of ADT on erythropoiesis, its effect on other hemopoietic lineages has been less well elucidated. While preclinical studies have found roles for androgens in maturation and differentiated function of neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets, the implications of these findings for men with prostate cancer receiving ADT require further studies.

关键词： anemia androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) prostate cancer

INVARIANCE AND STABILITY OF THE PROFILE EQUATIONS OF GEOMETRIC OPTICS

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Acta Mathematica Scientia 2011年第6期31卷 2141-2158页

作者： Guy Mtivier jeffrey Rauch Institut de Mathmatiques de Bordeaux Universit de Bordeaux Department of Mathematics University of Michigan

The profile equations of geometric optics are described in a form invariant under the natural transformations of first order systems of partial differential equations. This allows us to prove that various strategies for computing profile equations are equivalent. We prove that if L generates an evolution on L2 the same is true of the profile equations. We prove that the characteristic polynomial of the profile equations is the localization of the characteristic polynomial of the background operator at （y, dφ（y）） where φ is the background phase. We prove that the propagation cones of the profile equations are subsets of the propagation cones of the background operator.

关键词： geometric optics profile equation localisation vector bundles propagation cones

Handling query skew in large indexes： a view based approach

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Computer Science 2018年第1期12卷 146-162页

作者： Weihuang HUANG jeffrey Xu YU Zechao SHANG Systems Engineering and Engineering Management The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Indexing is one of the most important tech- niques to facilitate query processing over a multi-dimensional dataset. A commonly used strategy for such indexing is to keep the tree-structured index balanced. This strategy reduces query processing cost in the worst case, and can handle all different queries equally well. In other words, this strategy implies that all queries are uniformly issued, which is par- tially because the query distribution is not possibly known and will change over time in practice. A key issue we study in this work is whether it is the best to fully rely on a bal- anced tree-structured index in particular when datasets be- come larger and larger in the big data era. This means that, when a dataset becomes very large, it becomes unreasonable to assume that all data in any subspace are equally important and are uniformly accessed by all queries at the index level. Given the existence of query skew and the possible changes of query skew, in this paper, we study how to handle such query skew and such query skew changes at the index level without sacrifice of supporting any possible queries in a well- balanced tree index and without a high overhead. To tackle the issue, we propose index-view at the index level, where an index-view is a short-cut in a balanced tree-structured index to access objects in the subspaces that are more frequently accessed, and propose a new index-view-centric framework for query processing using index-views in a bottom-up man- ner. We study index-views selection problem in both static and dynamic setting, and we confirm the effectiveness of our approach using large real and synthetic datasets.

关键词： multi-dimensional index query adaptive index-view

At the Edge(Always):An Interview with jeffrey Schnapp

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2022年第2期6卷 10-18页

作者： jeffrey Schnapp Harvard University

In this interview,jeffrey Schnapp conceptualizes Digital Humanities,Knowledge Design and Experimental Humanities,seen as innovative frameworks,aimed at propitiating a radically new understanding of the current challenges of the contemporary *** overwhelming presence of digital media and artificial intelligence is scrutinized by Schnapp in order to produce theory literally at the edge.

关键词： Digital Humanities Knowledge Design Curatorship Experimental Humanities

Occurrence of Brachyoxylon Hollick et jeffrey from the Lower Cretaceous of Zhejiang Province, southeastern China

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Palaeogeography 2018年第4期7卷 316-325页

作者： Ning Tian Zhi-Peng Zhu Yong-Dong wang Si-Cong wang college of palaeontology shenyang normal university Shenyang 110034Liaoning Province China state key laboratory of palaeobiology and stratigraphy nanjing institute of geology and palaeontologycas Nanjing 210008 Jiangsu Province China key laboratory of evolution of past life in northeast asia ministry of land and resources Shenyang 110034Liaoning Province China center for excellence in life and paleoenvironment chinese academy of sciencesnanjingjiangsu Province 110034 China

The Lower Cretaceous Guantou Formation is known as an important horizon for the Cretaceous petrified woods in southern China. Though abundant Cretaceous wood remains have been found in this formation, only one species has been recognized. A new coniferous wood, Brachyoxylon zhejiangense sp. nov. is described from the Lower Cretaceous Guantou Formation in Xinchang of Zhejiang Province, southeastern China. Anatomically, the new species is characterized by obscure annual rings, mixed type of radial pitting, araucarioid cross-field pits and uniseriate xylem rays. The finding of Brachyoxylon zhejiangense sp. nov. represents the first well-defined record of Brachyoxylon in southeastern China, and enriches the diversity of the Early Cretaceous petrified wood in southern China. Additionally, the new finding sheds new light on further understanding the floral composition, especially the forest vegetation type of the southern phytoprovince in the late Early Cretaceous. Diverse compressed leaf fossils of Cheirolepidiaceae have been described from the Guantou Formation in the fossil locality of the present petrified wood. The co-occurrence of Brachyoxylon zhejiangense sp. nov. and those cheirolepidiaceous leaf fossils provide additional evidences to support that Brachyoxylon may be systematically related to the Cheirolepidiaceae.

关键词： Brochyoxylon Cheirolepidiaceae Lower Cretaceous Guantou Formation Zhejiang Province