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A survey of FLS2 genes from multiple citrus species identifies candidates for enhancing disease resistance to Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri.

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 208-218页

作者： Qingchun Shi Vicente J Febres jeffrey b jones Gloria A Moore Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Plant Molecular and Cellular biology Program University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Plant Pathology Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)-triggered immunity(PTI)is an important component of plant innate *** a previous study,we showed that the PAMP flg22 from Xanthomonas citri ***(Xflg22),the causal agent of citrus canker,induced PTI in citrus,which correlated with the observed levels of canker ***,we identified and sequenced two bacterial flagellin/flg22 receptors(FLS2-1 and FLS2-2)from‘Duncan’grapefruit(Citrus paradisi,CpFLS2-1 and CpFLS2-2)and‘Sun Chu Sha’mandarin(***,CrFLS2-1 and CrFLS2-2).We were able to isolate only one FLS2 from‘Nagami’kumquat(Fortunella margarita,FmFLS2-1)and gene flanking sequences suggest a rearrangement event that resulted in the deletion of FLS2-2 from the *** analysis,gene structure and presence of critical amino acid domains all indicate we identified the true FLS2 genes in ***2-2 was more transcriptionally responsive to Xflg22 than FLS2-1,with induced expression levels higher in canker-resistant citrus than in susceptible ***,‘Nagami’kumquat showed the highest FLS2-1 steady-state expression levels,although it was not induced by *** selected FmFLS2-1,CrFLS2-2 and CpFLS2-2 to further evaluate their capacity to enhance bacterial resistance using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression *** FmFLS2-1 and CrFLS2-2,the two proteins from canker-resistant species,conferred stronger Xflg22 responses and reduced canker symptoms in leaves of the susceptible grapefruit *** two citrus genes will be useful resources to enhance PTI and achieve resistance against canker and possibly other bacterial pathogens in susceptible citrus types.

关键词： FLS2 citrus citri

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Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Social Trust in American Institutions

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Journal of Social Computing 2023年第3期4卷 221-231页

作者： Andrew Collins Jason jeffrey jones the Department of Sociology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11790USA

In recent decades,social scientists have debated declining levels of trust in American *** the same time,many American institutions are coming under scrutiny for their use of artificial intelligence(AI)*** paper analyzes the results of a survey experiment over a nationally representative sample to gauge the effect that the use of AI has on the American public’s trust in their social institutions,including government,private corporations,police precincts,and *** find that artificial intelligence systems were associated with significant trust penalties when used by American police precincts,companies,and *** penalties were especially strong for American police precincts and,in most cases,were notably stronger than the trust penalties associated with the use of smartphone apps,implicit bias training,machine learning,and mindfulness ***’trust in institutions tends to be negatively impacted by the use of new *** there are significant variations in trust between different pairings of institutions and tools,generally speaking,institutions which use AI suffer the most significant loss of *** government agencies are a notable exception here,receiving a small but puzzling boost in trust when associated with the use of AI systems.

关键词： social trust artificial intelligence(AI) algorithm aversion

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Minimally invasive treatment of pancreatic necrosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第46期18卷 6829-6835页

作者： brian bello jeffrey b Matthews Department of Surgery School of Medicine University of Chicago

AIM: To systematically review these minimally invasive approaches to infected pancreatic necrosis. METHODS: We used the MEDLINE database to investigate studies between 1996 and 2010 with greater than 10 patients that examined these techniques. Using a combination of boolean operators, reports were retrieved addressing percutaneous therapy (341 studies), endoscopic necrosectomy (574 studies), laparoscopic necrosectomy via a transperitoneal approach (148 studies), and retroperitoneal necrosectomy (194 studies). Only cohorts with at least 10 or more patients were included. Non-English papers, letters, animal studies, duplicate series and reviews without original data were excluded, leaving a total of 27 studies for analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies with 947 patients total were examined (eight studies on percutaneous approach; ten studies on endoscopic necrosectomy; two studies on laparoscopic necrosectomy via a transperitoneal approach; five studies on retroperitoneal necrosectomy; and two studies on a combined percutaneous-retroperitoneal approach). Success rate, complications, mortality, and number of procedures were outcomes that were included in the review. We found that most published reports were retrospective in nature, and thus, susceptible to selection and publication bias. Few reports examined these techniques in a comparative, prospective manner. CONCLUSION: Each minimally invasive approach though was found to be safe and feasible in multiple reports. With these new techniques, treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis remains a challenge. We advocate a multidisciplinary approach to this complex problem with treatment individualized to each patient.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic necrosis Necrosectomy Laparoscopic necrosectomy

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Recent advances in flexible and stretchable electronics, sensors and power sources

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第5期55卷 718-725页

作者： TOK jeffrey b.-H. Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA

There has been ongoing keen interest to mold electronic devices into desired shapes and be laid on desired configurable surfaces. In specific, the ability to design materials that can bend, twist, compress and stretch repeatedly, while still able to maintain its full capability as conductors or electrodes, has led to numerous efforts to develop flexible and stretchable (bio)devices that are both technologically challenging and environmentally friendly (e.g. biodegradable). In this review, we highlight several recent significant results that have made impacts toward the field of flexible and stretchable electronics, sensors and power sources.

关键词： organic transistors flexible electronics stretchable electronics electronic skin sensor

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The glassy solid as a statistical ensemble of crystalline microstates

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1199-1204页

作者： Eric b.jones Vladan Stevanović Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO 80401USA National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO 80401USA

We present an alternative and,for the purpose of non-crystalline materials design,a more suitable description of covalent and ionic glassy solids as statistical ensembles of crystalline local minima on the potential energy *** by the concept of partially broken ergodicity,we analytically formulate the set of approximations under which the structural features of ergodic systems such as the radial distribution function(RDF)and powder X-ray diffraction(XRD)intensity can be rigorously expressed as statistical ensemble averages over different local *** is carried out by evaluating these ensemble averages for elemental Si and SiO_(2) over the local minima obtained through the first-principles random structure sampling that we performed using relatively small simulation cells,thereby restricting the sampling to a set of predominantly crystalline *** comparison with XRD and RDF from experiments(amorphous silicon)and molecular dynamics simulations(glassy SiO_(2))shows excellent agreement,thus supporting the ensemble picture of glasses and opening the door to fully predictive description without the need for experimental inputs.

关键词： ensemble crystalline glasses

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Oral epithelial stem cells in tissue maintenance and disease: the first steps in a long journey

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International Journal of Oral Science 2013年第3期5卷 121-129页

作者： Kyle b jones Ophir D Klein Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal biology University of California Division of Medical Genetics Department of PediatricsUniversity of California Center for Craniofacial Anomalies Department of Orofacial Sciences University of California

The identification and characterization of stem cells is a major focus of developmental biology and regenerative *** advent of genetic inducible fate mapping techniques has made it possible to precisely label specific cell populations and to follow their progeny over *** combined with advanced mathematical and statistical methods,stem cell division dynamics can be studied in new and exciting *** advances in a number of tissues,relatively little attention has been paid to stem cells in the oral *** review will focus on current knowledge about adult oral epithelial stem cells,paradigms in other epithelial stem cell systems that could facilitate new discoveries in this area and the potential roles of epithelial stem cells in oral disease.

关键词： cancer stem cell invariant asymmetry neutral drift oral epithelial stem cell population asymmetry

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Volcano video data characterized and classified using computer vision and machine learning algorithms

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1789-1803页

作者： Alex J.C.Witsil jeffrey b.Johnson Department of Geosciences Boise State UniversityBoiseIDUSA

Video cameras are common at volcano observatories,but their utility is often limited during periods of crisis due to the large data volume from continuous acquisition and time requirements for manual *** cameras to serve as effective monitoring tools,video frames must be synthesized into relevant time series signals and further analyzed to classify and characterize observable *** this study,we use computer vision and machine learning algorithms to identify periods of volcanic activity and quantify plume rise velocities from video *** were collected at Villarrica Volcano,Chile from two visible band cameras located^17 km from the vent that recorded at 0.1 and 30 frames per second between February and April *** these two months,Villarrica exhibited a diverse range of eruptive activity,including a paroxysmal eruption on 3 *** to and after the eruption,activity included nighttime incandescence,dark and light emissions,inactivity,and periods of cloud *** quantify the color and spatial extent of plume emissions using a blob detection algorithm,whose outputs are fed into a trained artificial neural network that categorizes the observable activity into five *** shifts from primarily nighttime incandescence to ash emissions following the 3 March paroxysm,which likely relates to the reemergence of the buried lava *** periods exhibiting plume emissions are further analyzed using a row and column projection algorithm that identifies plume onsets and calculates apparent plume horizontal and vertical rise *** onsets are episodic,occurring with an average period of^50 s and suggests a puffing style of degassing,which is commonly observed at ***,the lack of clear acoustic transients in the accompanying infrasound record suggests puffing may be controlled by atmospheric effects rather than a degassing regime at the *** presented here offer a generalized toolset for volcano monito

关键词： Volcano monitoring Plume exit velocity Volcano webcam Image processing Machine learning Villarrica

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Asymptotic and numerical study of a surface breaking crack subject to a transient thermal loading

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2006年第1期22卷 22-27页

作者： A.b. Movchan I.S. jones ljmu.ac.uk Department of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Liverpoo UK L69 3bX School of EngineeringJames Parsons buildingJohn Moores Universitybyrom St.Liverpool UK. L3 3AF E-mail: i.s.jones

An asymptotic algorithm is applied to the problem of a finite, thermo-elastic solid containing a surface breaking crack, when the exterior surface is subjected to oscillatory thermal loading. This algorithm involves the study of a model problem. An analytical and numerical study of this model problem of a thermo-elastic half space containing a surface breaking crack and subjected to oscillatory thermal loading is presented. The crack surface is traction free. In particular, the amplitude of the stress intensity factor at the crack vertex is found as a function of the crack depth and the frequency of thermal oscillation.

关键词： Thermo-elasticity Surface breaking crack Wiener-Hopf solution Weight function method

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Continental-scale assessment of provisioning soil functions in Europe

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 350-367页

作者： Gergely Tóth Ciro Gardi Katalin bódis Éva Ivits Ece Aksoy Arwyn jones Simon jeffrey Thorum Petursdottir Luca Montanarella Institute for Environment and Sustainability Via Fermi Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and SustainabilityVia Fermi 2749 TP280Ispra 21027Italy

Introduction:A framework is developed to link major soil functions to ecosystem services *** soil functions—with primary linkages to ecosystem services—are evaluated on a continental scale in ***:We defined major provisioning soil functions combining the approaches proposed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection of the European *** productivity was evaluated by three main land use types(cropland,grassland,forest)using a validated expert model called *** include soil,climate and topographic *** material provision capacity of soils was assessed on the basis of(i)organic carbon content and(ii)availability of soil materials for ***:A coherent system of soil function-based ecosystem services was compiled,taking into account major soil *** also produced new data on soil-based provisioning ecosystem services,including productivity and raw material *** attempts to cover the main human activities requiring materials of soil origin and to map the locations where those materials are available on a continental scale provide new insight to this field of ***:Soil-based ecosystem services can be assessed by the evaluation of soil functions which play a role in the production of these *** analysis and comparison of the spatial distribution of the investigated soil functions were *** crop productivity showed a general trend to increase in a northward and westward direction,local soil quality in most regions—except in the Mediterranean—can compensate for climatic handicaps to a great *** of areas with potential for providing ecosystem services by individual soil functions highlights the complexity of decision-making for resource utilization but also the possibilities for optimization and more conscious management.

关键词： Soil ecosystem services Provisioning functions Soil productivity Soil quality Land evaluation

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Numerical simulation of the effect of gold doping on the resistance to neutron irradiation of silicon diodes

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第1期36卷 47-51页

作者： K.bekhouche N.Sengouga b.K.jones Laboratory of Metallic and Semiconducting Materials (LMSM) Université de Biskra 07000 Biskra Algeria Department of Physics Lancaster University Lancaster LA5 9LX UK

We have carried out a numerical simulation of the effect of gold doping on the electrical characteristics of long silicon diodes exposed to neutron irradiation. The aim is to investigate the effect of gold on the hardness of the irradiated diodes. The reverse current voltage and capacitance voltage characteristics of doped and undoped diodes are calculated for different irradiation doses. The leakage current and the effective doping density are extracted from these two characteristics respectively. The hardness of the diodes is evaluated from the evolution of the leakage current and the effective doping density with irradiation doses. It was found that diodes doped with gold are less sensitive to irradiation than undoped ones. Thus gold appears to stabilise the electrical properties on irradiation. The conduction mechanism is studied by the evolution of the current with temperature. The evaluated activation energy indicates that as the gold doping or irradiation dose increases, the current switches from the basic diffusion to the generation-recombination process, and that it can even become ohmic for very high gold densities or irradiation doses.

关键词： silicon diodes gold doping numerical simulation

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