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Evaluating and quantifying the effect of various spruce budworm intervention strategies on forest carbon dynamics in Atlantic Canada

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 547-557页

作者： Zelin Liu Changhui Peng David AMacLean Louis De Grandpre jean-noel candau Daniel Kneeshaw School of Geographic Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China Department of Biological Sciences University of Qu�ebec at MontrealMontrealQC H3C 3P8Canada Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada Laurentian Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaQC G1V 4C7Canada Great Lake Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaON P6A 2E5Canada

Spruce budworm (SBW) outbreaks are one of the most devastating natural disturbances in spruce-balsam fir forests of eastern North America. Both early intervention strategy (EIS) and foliage protection strategy (FP) are being tested to limit forest losses, but the quantitative impact on forest carbon (C) dynamics is still unclear. In this study, we designed 19 separate scenarios of no intervention or varying success of EIS, FP, and their combination on SBW caused defoliation and mortality. We then used the TRIPLEX-Insect model to quantify their effects on forest C dynamics in the forests of the four provinces of Atlantic Canada. A scenario applying FP to 10%of the area with the greatest potential C losses of living biomass, protecting foliage in 10%of the forests is more realistic than higher proportion of FP given the high cost and large areas involved, resulted in reducing average cumulative net ecosystem productivity (NEP) from 2020 to 2039 by 56%–127%compared to a no outbreak *** results showed that FP would have to be applied everywhere to reduce tree mortality and increase NEP more than 8 years of successful EIS applied. However, if EIS can be successfully implemented for 12 years, it will maintain more forest C than FP applied everywhere during a moderate outbreak. We also found that the combination of EIS followed by FP in 10%of the areas disturbed by the SBW could maintain average cumulative NEP at similar levels to no defoliation in every province of Atlantic Canada. Black/red spruce forests younger than 60years old underwent the smallest changes in C dynamics whether using EIS, FP, or both. This highlights the importance of forest species, forest age, and their interactions on the effectiveness of a treatment during SBW outbreak. Overall, 31%–76%of the study area in Atlantic Canada could convert from a C sink to a source by 2039,if no protective measures are used under the worst-case scenarios, thus contributing to future climate warming.

关键词： Annual defoliation Natural disturbance Forest protection Net ecosystem productivity TRIPLEX-Insect Conifers

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The ecology of predispersal insect herbivory on tree reproductive structures in natural forest ecosystems

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 182-198页

作者： Thomas Boivir Violette Doublet jean-noel candau Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Great Lakes Forestry Centre Sault Ste Marie Ontario Canada URFM INRA Avignon FranceGreat Lakes Forestry Centre Sault Ste Marie Ontario Canada

Plant-insect interactions are key model systems to assess how some species affect the distribution, the abundance, and the evolution of others. Tree reproductive structures represent a critical resource for many insect species, which can be likely drivers of demography, spatial distribution, and trait diversification of plants. In this review, we present the ecological implications of predispersal herbivory on tree reproductive structures by insects (PIHR) in forest ecosystems. Both insect's and tree's perspectives are addressed with an emphasis on how spatiotemporal variation and unpredictability in seed availability can shape such particular plant-animal interactions. Reproductive structure insects show strong trophic specialization and guild diversification. Insects evolved host selection and spatiotemporal dispersal strategies in response to variable and unpredictable abundance of reproductive structures in both space and time. If PIHR patterns have been well documented in numerous systems, evidences of the subsequent demographic and evolutionary impacts on tree populations are still constrained by time-scale challenges of experimenting on such long-lived organisms, and modeling approaches of tree dynamics rarely consider PIHR when including biotic interactions in their processes. We suggest that spatially explicit and mechanistic approaches of the interactions between individual tree fecundity and in sect dynamics will clarify predictions of the demogenetic implications of PIHR in tree populations. In a global change context, further experimental and theoretical contributions to the likelihood of life-cycle disruptions between plants and their specialized herbivores, and to how these changes may gen erate novel dynamic patterns in each partner of the interaction are increasingly critical.

关键词： diapause dispersal forest dynamics masting predispersal seed predation plant-insect interactions

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