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SmartMicro Grid Energy System Management Based on Optimum Running Cost for Rural Communities in Rwanda

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Energy Engineering 2024年第7期121卷 1805-1821页

作者： Fabien Mukundufite jean marie Vianney Bikorimana Alexander Kyaruzi Lugatona Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department University of RwandaKigaliRwanda Electrical Engineering Department University of Dar es SalaamDar es SalaamTanzania

The governmental electric utility and the private sector are joining hands to meet the target of electrifying all households by ***,the aforementioned goal is challenged by households that are scattered in remote *** far,Solar Home Systems(SHS)have mostly been applied to increase electricity access in rural *** have continuous constraints to meet electricity demands and cannot run income-generating *** current research presents the feasibility study of electrifying Remera village with the smart microgrid as a case *** renewable energy resources available in Remera are the key sources of electricity in that *** generation capacity is estimated based on the load *** microgrid configurations are simulated with HOMER,and the genetic algorithm is used to analyze the optimum *** analyzing the impact of operation and maintenance costs,the results show that the absence of subsidies increases the levelized cost of electricity(COE)five times greater than the electricity price from the public *** microgrid made up of PV,diesel generator,and batteries proved to be the most viable solution and ensured continuous power supply to *** considering the subsidies,COE reaches 0.186$/kWh,a competitive price with electricity from public utilities in Rwanda.

关键词： Load demand load profile optimum running cost power demand satisfaction smart meters and smart micro grid

International Healthcare Terminologies for Morbidity New Era: SNOMED and ICD11

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 357-368页

作者： jean marie Rodrigues Constant Kone Michel Babri Béatrice Trombert Universit jean Monnet Saint Etienne France Felix Houphout Boigny National Polytechnic Institute Yamoussoukro Cote dIvoire

The Information Technology (IT) developments have changed the use of Healthcare terminologies from paper-based mortality statistics with the WHO international classifications of diseases (ICD) to the IT-based morbidity implementations for instance for Casemix-based healthcare funding and managing systems. This higher level of granularity is worldwide spread under the umbrella of several national modifications named ICD10 XM. These developments have met the increased use of the International Clinical Reference Terminology named SNOMED. When the updating of WHO ICD10 to WHO ICD11 was decided a merging was envisaged and a WHO SNOMED CT common work proposed a methodology to create a common formal ontology between the 11th version of the WHO International Classification of Diseases and Health Problems (ICD) and the most used in the world clinical terminology named Systematized Nomenclature of Human and Veterinary Medicine - Clinical Terms (SCT). The present work follows this unachieved work and aims to develop a SNOMED-based formal ontology for ICD11 chapter 1 using the textual definitions of ICD11 codes which is a completely new character of ICD and the ontology tools provided by SCT in the publicly available SNOMED Browser. There are two key results: the lexical alignment is complete and the ontology alignment is incomplete with the validated SNOMED concept model can be completed with not yet validated attributes and values of the SNOMED Compositional Grammar. The work opens a new era for the seamless use of both international terminologies for morbidity for instance for DRG/Casemix and clinical management use. The main limitation is that it is restricted to 1 out of 26 chapters of ICD11.

关键词： Lexical Alignment Semantic Interoperability Ontology SNOMED Concept Model ICD-11 SNOMED CT

Epidemiological and Computed Tomography Aspects of Facial Trauma at Kira Hospital in Bujumbura

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Open Journal of Radiology 2024年第2期14卷 83-91页

作者： Sébastien Manirakiza jean marie Banziriyubusa Stany Harakandi Patrice Barasukana Chantal Murekatete Daniel Nduwayo jean Bosco Bizimana Léopold Nzisabira Department of Radiology Teaching Hospital of Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Teaching Hospital of Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology) Teaching Hospita lof Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery) Teaching Hospital of Kamenge Bujumbura Burundi

Background: Maxillofacial trauma affects young adults more. The injury assessment is difficult to establish in low-income countries because of the imaging means, particularly the scanner, which is poorly available and less financially accessible. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological profile and the various tomodensitometric aspects of traumatic lesions of the face in patients received in the Radiology department of Kira Hospital. Patients and methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study involving 104 patients of all ages over a period of 2 years from December 2018 to November 2019 in the medical imaging department of KIRA HOSPITAL. We included in our study any patient having undergone a CT scan of the head and presenting at least one lesion of the facial mass, whether associated with other cranioencephalic lesions. Results: Among the 384 patients received for head trauma, 104 patients (27.1% of cases) presented facial damage. The average age of our patients was 32.02 years with extremes of 8 months and 79 years. In our study, 87 of the patients (83.6%) were male. The road accident was the circumstance in which facial trauma occurred in 79 patients (76% of cases). These injuries were accompanied by at least one bone fracture in 97 patients (93.3%). Patients with fractures of more than 3 facial bones accounted for 40.2% of cases and those with fractures of 2 to 3 bones accounted for 44.6% of cases. The midface was the site of the fracture in 85 patients (87.6% of cases). Orbital wall fractures were noted in 57 patients (58.8% of cases) and the jawbone was the site of a fracture in 50 patients (51.5% of cases). In the vault, the fractures involved the extra-facial frontal bone (36.1% of cases) and temporal bone (18.6% of cases). Cerebral contusion was noted in 41.2% of patients and pneumoencephaly in 15.5% of patients. Extradural hematoma was present in 16 patients and subdural hematoma affected 13 patients. Conclusion: Computed tomography is

关键词： Road Accident CT-Scan Facial Trauma

Evaluation of Rhizobium tropici-Derived Extracellular Polymeric Substances on Selected Soil Properties, Seed Germination, and Growth of Black-Eyed Peas (Vigna unguiculata)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 548-564页

作者： Jonathan Alunge Metuge Erneste Havugimana jean Rugandirababisha Zachary N. Senwo marie Chantal Mutimawurugo Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Alabama A & M University Normal AL USA Department of Crop Science College of Agriculture Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Rwanda (UR-CAVM) Kigali Rwanda

Rhizobium tropici-derived extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been used in soils to enhance soil structures and mitigate soil erosions. However, information on their use to improve soil health and fertility indicators, and plant growth is limited. In a greenhouse study, we investigated their effects on some soil health, soil fertility indices, and the growth of black-eyed peas (Vigna unguiculate). Results showed that soils incubated with EPS significantly increased basal soil respiration, soil microbial biomass, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POC), and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN). The EPS shifted microbial populations from bacteria to fungi and Gram (−ve) to Gram ( ve) bacteria. However, it had little or no effects on soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The EPS decreased soil moisture loss, increased soil aggregate stability, but delayed blacked-eyed peas germinations in the soils. At 0.1% (w/w) concentrations in soils, there was increase in plant root nodulations and vegetative growth. This study was carried out within 40 days of incubating soils with EPS or growing the black-eyed peas in a greenhouse study. The plant growth parameters were taken before flowering and fruiting. Further studies of the effects of incubating soils with the extracellular polymeric substances on plant growth. Soil microbial biomass, microbial diversities, and other soil fertility indices are deemed necessary.

关键词： Rhizobium tropici Extracellular Polymeric Substances Soil Respiration Soil Microbial Biomass Black-Eyed Peas

The Support Systems and Coping Strategies of Infertile Women Attending the Out-Patient Consultation Unit of CHRACERH Yaoundé, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第6期14卷 869-887页

作者： Emenguele Pascale Mpono Fidelia Mbi Kobenge Gabrielle Laure Mengne Etienne Belinga jean marie Kasia Thomas Obinchemti Egbe Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology CHRACERH Yaound Yaound Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: Infertility is a complex disorder with significant psycho-social and economic consequences. It globally affects 10% - 15% of couples. In Cameroon, little is known about what women do to overcome the psychosocial aspects of the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the support systems and coping strategies of infertile women attending the outpatient consultation unit of the Gynaecological Endoscopic Surgery and Reproductive Teaching Hospital (CHRACERH), Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from the 14th of March to the 6th of April 2023 at CHRACERH Yaoundé. A total of 190 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Data regarding socio-demographic characteristics, support systems and coping strategies were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Descriptive and analytic statistics were conducted using SPSS version 25. Results: The mean age of participants was 39.52 ± 7.64 years. The majority 78.9% of participants were workers (public, private sector, or traders) and were Christians 95.8%. The most common source of psychological support was from family 76.8 and husbands 72.63%. Most of the participants 89.5% resorted to prayer and getting busy 48.4% as a coping strategy. There was no statistically significant relationship between coping strategies and psychological disorders p > 0.05. Conclusion: The main support system of participants was family, husband, and friends. Prayer, getting busy and adoption were the most common coping strategies. There is a need for the Ministry of Public Health and other stakeholders to put in place other support systems and coping strategies (FELICIA) used elsewhere and provide adequate health education and infection control to prevent infertility in Cameroon.

关键词： Infertility Coping Strategies Support Systems Mental Health Women

GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Techniques to Derive Flood Risks Management on Rice Productivity in Gishari Marshland

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 222-249页

作者： jean Nepo Nsengiyumva Emmanuel Nshimiyimana jean marie Ntakirutimana Phocas Musabyimana Yvonne Akimana Fred Shema Set Niyitanga Séverin Hishamunda Callixte Musinga Mpamabara Eliezel Habineza Department of Agricultural Engineering Rwanda Polytechnic IPRC Gishari Rwamagana Rwanda Department of Environmental Information System University of Lay Adventist of Kigali Kigali Campus Kigali Rwanda School of Environmental Science and Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou China Department of Agricultural and Resources Economics School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Kigali Campus Kigali Rwanda Department of Smart Agriculture System Hankyong National University Anseong Kyonggi South Korea

Floods are phenomenon with significant socio-economic implications mainly for human loss, agriculture, livestock, soil loss and land degradation, for which many researchers try to identify the most appropriate methodologies by analyzing their temporal and spatial development. This study therefore attempts to employ the GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis and analytical hierarchy process techniques to derive the flood risks management on rice productivity in the Gishari Agricultural Marshland in Rwamagana district, Rwanda. Here, six influencing potential factors to flooding, including river slope, soil texture, Land Use Land Cover through Land Sat 8, rainfall, river distance and Digital Elevation Model are considered for the delineation of flood risk zones. Data acquisition like Landsat 8 images, DEM, land use land cover, slope, and soil class in the study area were considered. Results showed that if the DEM is outdated or inaccurate due to changes in the terrain, such as construction, excavation, or erosion, the predicted flood patterns might not reflect the actual water flow. This could result unexpected flood extents and depths, potentially inundating rice fields that were not previously at risk and this, expectedly explained that the increase 1 m in elevation would reduce the rice productivity by 0.17% due to unplanned flood risks in marshland. It was found that the change in rainfall distribution in Gishari agricultural marshland would also decrease the rice productivity by 0.0018%, which is a sign that rainfall is a major factor of flooding in rice scheme. Rainfall distribution plays a crucial role in flooding analysis and can directly impact rice productivity. Oppositely, another causal factor was Land Use Land Cover (LULC), where the Multivariate Logistic Regression Model Analysis findings showed that the increase of one unit in Land Use Land Cover would increase rice productivity by 0.17% of the total rice productivity from the Gishari Agricultural Ma

关键词： Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) Analytical Hierarchy Analysis (AHA) GIS RS and DEM

Relationship between Inter Canine Width and Inter Alar Width, Inter Commissural Width, and Inter Canthal Distance: A Pilot Study

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第6期14卷 279-290页

作者： Grevisse Bindele Ndombolo Augustin Mantshumba Milolo Fidele Nyimi Bushabu Em Kalala Kazadi Pierrot Kumpanya Ntumba jean marie Kayembe Bukama Elias Lubadi Tshilumba jean Paul Sekele Isouradi Department of Prosthodontics Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo National Center of Research in Dental Sciences Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Periodontology Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Operative Dentistry Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between inter canine width (ICW) and inter alar width (IAW), inter commissural width (ICoW), and inter canthal distance (ICaD) in Bantu population. Materials and Methods: It was a pilot study included all participants who were aged at least 18 years, without a history of orthodontics treatment from Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Kinshasa. The Ethics committee of the National Center of Research for Dental Sciences in DR Congo approved the study protocol (CNRSB 1504.218). The participants medical records were obtained from the interview and dental examination. Nature of the study was explained with participant information sheet, and an informed consent of all participants was obtained. The inclusion criteria were no missing maxillary and mandibular teeth, no diastema, and no anterior restorations, 18 years old before enrollment in the study. The exclusion criteria were inability to meet the above requirements, pregnancy, and refusal to participate in the study. The inter-canine width (ICW), inter alar width (IAW), inter canthal distance (ICaD) and inter-commissural width (ICoW) of each participant were measured with a digital Vernier caliper (Mitutoyo, UK Ltd.,) (0.01 mm) three times and the average value was recorded. The inter canthal distance (ICaD) was measured without applying pressure by bringing the recording parts of the caliper just in contact with the medial angle. The inter alar width (IAW) was marked with a fine marked pencil on the widest outer surface of the alae of the nose on either side or width. Those two points were measured without applying pressure by bringing the recording parts of the caliper just in contact with the outer surface. The participant was told to stop breathing shortly to avoid any change in shape of the nose. The inter-commissural width (ICoW) was determined by measuring the maxillary lip vermilion from commissure to commissure without the

关键词： Relationship Inter-Canine Width Inter Alar Width Inter Canthal Distance Inter Commissural Width

Amniotic Band Syndrome at the Van Norman Clinic in Burundi: A Case Series

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Surgical Science 2024年第3期15卷 118-124页

作者： Alice Ndayishimiye Hélène Bukuru Déogratias Niyungeko Anne marie Nikuze Sylvestre Bazikamwe jean Claude Mbonicura Gilbert Ndayizeye Department of Pediatrics Kamenge University Hospital Center Bujumbura Burundi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kamenge University Hospital Center Bujumbura Burundi General Surgery Department Kamenge University Hospital Center Bujumbura Burundi Orthopaedy Department Kamenge University Hospital Center Bujumbura Burundi

Amniotic band syndrome is an acquired embryo-fetopathy. It is rare and is characterized by malformations mainly affecting the limbs but also the skull, face and thoraco-abdominal axis. Its etiopathogenesis remains poorly understood. Its diagnosis is essentially clinical and is classically based on the existence of signs such as furrows, amputations and pseudosyndactyly. To show the importance of antenatal diagnosis in resource-limited countries, we report the case of two newborns, one premature at 31 weeks and the other at term, in whom amniotic band syndrome was discovered incidentally at birth. It involved an amputation of the right leg for both cases. The premature baby was born in a context of neonatal sepsis and will succumb to the latter while the 2nd case was released from the hospital alive. Imaging examinations to search for probable congenital malformations could only be carried out for the 2nd case and no accessible congenital malformation had been identified. And as management of the disease, only psychological support to the parents was provided for the 2 cases. The antenatal discovery of a case of amniotic band syndrome in countries with low technical capacity such as Burundi should push clinicians to think in time about treatment options.

关键词： Amniotic Band Syndrome Embryo-Fetopathies Antenatal Diagnosis Limbs

Immunovirological Profile of HIV1 Infection in Children and Adolescents Followed at the Bangui Pediatric University Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 585-597页

作者： Simplice Cyriaque Kango Synthia Ningatoloum Nazita marie Colette Nganda-Bangue Michaël Dan-Houron Alexandre Manirakiza jean Chrysostome Gody Department of The Clinique Mé dicale Infantile Raymond Max Siopathis University Children&#8217s Hospital Bangui CAR Faculty of Health Sciences (FACSS) Bangui CAR National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health Bangui CAR Pasteur Institute Bangui CAR

History: Pediatric management of HIV infection in children in the Central African Republic began in 2004 with the use of fractionated adult antiretrovirals and Cotrimoxazole. It has evolved over the years with the use of pediatric forms, oral suspensions and dispersible tablets. The transition to Dolutegravir took place in 2020. The active file of our patients will grow from 78 to over 1900 today. Follow-up examinations are carried out to assess adherence to treatment. Objective: To determine the immunovirological profile and factors associated with treatment failure during follow-up of children on ART at the Bangui pediatric university hospital. Patients and Method: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study from May 30 to December 02, 2022. The study sample was drawn from a cohort of HIV-1-infected children followed up at the Bangui pediatric university hospital and on ART for three semesters who met the selection criteria. Results: The prevalence of treatment failure varied from one semester to the next. Thus, the prevalence of therapeutic failure was 20% in the first semester, 10% in the second semester and 7% in the third semester. The prevalence of virological failure was 10.28% in the first half of the year, 6.91% in the second half and 4.98% in the third. Secondly, immunological failure was 0.48% in the first half of the year, 0.32% in the second 0.64% in the third half. Finally, clinical failure was 8.82% in the first half, 4.82% in the second half, 1.92% in the third half. Socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with treatment failure were male gender (p 1000 copies/ml (p Conclusion: The occurrence of treatment failures in children is a major problem, especially in our resource-limited countries, given the challenges facing antiretroviral therapy. It is therefore necessary to carry out a study on resistance genotyping in order to propose correct management protocols, as the future of treatment programs depends on it.

关键词： Profile Immunovirological HIV/AIDS Children Bangui