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The effect of landscape complexity and microclimate on the thermal tolerance of a pest insect

Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 905-915页

作者： Lucy Alford Kevin Tougeron jean-sebastien pierre Francoise Burel Joan van Baaren UMR 6553 ECOBIO Centre National de la Recherche Scientitique Universite de Rennes I Rennes Cedex France Departement de Sciences Biologiques Insfitut de Recherche en Biologie Vegetale Universite de Montreal Montreal QC Canada Universite Europeenne de Bretagne (UEB) Rennes France

Landscape changes are known to exacerbate the impacts of climate change. As such, understanding the combined effect of climate and landscape on agroecosystems is vital if we are to maintain the fimction of agroecosystems. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of agricultural landscape complexity on the microclimate and thermal tolerance of an aphid pest to better understand how landscape and climate may interact to affect the thermal tolerance of pest species within the context of global climate change. Meteo- rological data were measured at the landscape level, and cereal aphids （Sitobion avenae, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi） sampled, from contrasting landscapes （simple and complex） in winter 2013/2014 and spring 2014 in cereal fields of Brittany, France. Aphids were returned to the laboratory and the effect of landscape of origin on aphid cold tolerance （as determined by CTmin） was investigated. Results revealed that local landscape complexity significantly affected microclimate, with simple homogenous landscapes being on average warmer, but with greater temperature variation. Landscape complexity was shown to impact aphid cold tolerance, with aphids from complex land- scapes being more cold tolerant than those from simple landscapes in both winter and spring, but with differences among species. This study highlights that future changes to land use could have implications for the thermal tolerance and adaptability of insects. Fur- thermore, not all insect species respond in a similar way to microhabitat and microclimate, which could disrupt important predator-prey relationships and the ecosystem service they provide.

关键词： agroecosystems biological control cereal aphids climate change coldtolerance landscape ecology

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Decrease of memory retention in a parasitic wasp： an effect of host manipulation by Wolbachia？

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 569-583页

作者： Hossein Kishani Farahani Ahmad Ashouri Seyed Hossein Goldansaz Martin S. Shapiro jean-sebastien pierre Joan van Baaren Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Department of Plant Protection University of Tehran Karaj Iran Department of Psy- chology California State University Fresno USA UMR-CNRS 6553 EcoBio University of Rennes 1 Avenue du General Leclerc Campus de Beaulieu 35042 Rennes Cedex France

Several factors, such as cold exposure, aging, the number of experiences and viral infection, have been shown to affect learning ability in different organisms. Wol- bachia has been found worldwide as an arthropod parasite/mutualist symbiont in a wide range of species, including insects. Differing effects have been identified on physiology and behavior by Wolbachia. However, the effect of Wolbachia infection on the learning ability of their host had never previously been studied. The current study carried out to compare learning ability and memory duration in 2 strains of the parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae： 1 uninfected and I infected by Wolbachia. Both strains were able to associate the novel odors with the reward of an oviposition into a host egg. However, the percentage of females that responded to the experimental design and displayed an ability to learn in these conditions was higher in the uninfected strain. Memory duration was longer in uninfected wasps （23.8 and 21.4 h after conditioning with peppermint and lemon, respectively） than in infected wasps （18.9 and 16.2 h after conditioning with peppermint and lemon, respec- tively）. Memory retention increased in response to the number of conditioning sessions in both strains, but memory retention was always shorter in the infected wasps than in the uninfected ones. Wolbachia infection may select for reduced memory retention because shorter memory induces infected wasps to disperse in new environments and avoid compe- tition with uninfected wasps by forgetting cues related to previously visited environments, thus increasing transmission of Wolbachia in new environments.

关键词： associative learning memory duration spacing learning Trichgramma bras-sicae Wolbachia infection

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Foreword to the special section on synchronous programming

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2013年第5期7卷 595-597页

作者： jean-pierre TALPIN INRIA Rennes-Bretagne-Atlantique Rennes 35042 France

1 Introduction Embedded systems are ubiquitous. In applications ranging from avionics, automotive, and industrial process control all the way to the handheld personal digital assistants （PDAs）, cell phones, and bio-...

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Tidal triggering of seismicity in the region of Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第4期14卷 377-384页

作者： Ibnu Nurul Huda sebastien Lambert jean Souchay Research Center for Computing National Research and Innovation AgencyBogorIndonesia Department of Astronomy and Bosscha Observatory FMIPAInstitut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesia SYRTE Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSSorbonne UniversitéLNEParisFrance

This paper investigates the correlation between tidal stress and earthquakes for periods ranging from hours to months in the limited zone of the Palu region(Central Sulawesi,Indonesia).Through Schuster and binomial tests,we examined the relation between the seismicity(time density of seismic events)and tidal potential arising from the Moon and Sun,using all tidal components simultaneously and focusing on the estimation of specific *** results show significant correlations between the seismicity and tidal potential for S2(0.5 d)and O1(1.075 d)tidal components in the case of solely isolated earthquake events,particularly for shallow ***,there is a strong relationship between aftershocks and tidal components larger than the Mf period(13.661 d).Finally,the analysis of the temporal variation of the earthquake-tide relation reveals an optimal correlation for about six years before the 2018 great Palu *** correlation becomes insignificant afterwards.

关键词： Tidal triggering Earth tides Palu region Statistical test

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Evidence of a Light-Sensing Role for Folate in Arabidopsis Cryptochrome Blue-Light Receptors

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Molecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 68-74页

作者： Nathalie Hoang jean-pierre Bouly Margaret Ahmad Universite Paris Vl Casier 156 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France Penn State University 25 Yearsley Mill Road Media PA 19063 USA

Arabidopsis cryptochromes cry1 and cry2 are blue-light signalling molecules with significant structural similarity to photolyases-a class of blue-light-sensing DNA repair enzymes. Like photolyases, purified plant cryptochromes have been shown to bind both flavin and pterin chromophores. The flavin functions as a light sensor and undergoes reduction in response to blue light that initiates the signalling cascade. However, the role of the pterin in plant cryptochromes has until now been unknown. Here, we show that the action spectrum for light-dependent degradation of cry2 has a significant peak of activity at 380 nm, consistent with absorption by a pterin cofactor. We further show that cry1 protein expressed in living insect ceils responds with greater sensitivity to 380 nm light than to 450 nm, consistent with a light-harvesting antenna pigment that transfers excitation energy to the oxidized flavin of cry1. The pterin biosynthesis inhibitor DHAP selectively reduces cryptochrome responsivity at 380 nm but not 450 nm blue light in these cell cultures, indicating that the antenna pigment is a folate cofactor similar to that of photolyases.

关键词： a Light-Sensing Role for Folate Arabidopsis Cryptochrome Blue-Light Receptors

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Useful zero friction simulations for assessing MBS codes Pascal’s formula giving wheelsets frequency for zero wheel-rail friction

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2022年第3期12卷 145-155页

作者： jean pierre Pascal Pascal Coding Rue d’ErquyPleneuf-Val-Andre F-22370France

Present study provides a simple analytical formula,the“Klingel-like formula”or“Pascal’s Formula”that can be used as a reference to test some results of existing railway codes and specifically those using rigid *** develops properly the 3D Newton-Euler equations governing the 6 degrees of freedom(DoF)of unsuspended loaded wheelsets in case of zero wheel-rail friction and constant ***,by solving numerically these equations,we got pendulum like harmonic oscillations of which the calculated angular frequency is used for assessing the accuracy of the proposed formula so that it can in turn be used as a fast practical target for testing multi-body system(MBS)railway *** to the harmonic property of these pendulum-like oscillations,the squareω2 of their angular frequency can be made in the form of a ratio K/M where K depends on the wheelset geometry and load and M on its *** on K and M are useful to understand wheelsets *** analytical formula is derived from the first order writing of full trigonometric Newton-Euler equations by setting zero elastic wheel-rail penetration and by assuming small *** trigonometric equations are numerically solved to assess that the formula providesω2 inside a 1%accuracy for usual wheelsets *** decreasing the conicity down to 1×10^(−4) rad,the relative formula accuracy is under 3×10^(−5).In order to test the formula reliability for rigid contact formulations,the stiffness of elastic contacts can be increased up to practical rigidity(Hertz stiffness×1000).

关键词： Unsuspended wheelsets Klingel formula Rigid contact Harmonic oscillation Multi body system railway codes Code validation

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Pozzolanic reactivity of silico-aluminous fly ash

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Particuology 2008年第2期6卷 93-98页

作者： pierre Adamiec jean-Charles Benezet Ali Benhassaine Ecole des Mines d'Alès 6 Avenue de Clavières30319 ALES CedexFrance

For some years it has been possible to control the particle size of fly ashes, by-products of thermal power stations. Incorporating these very fine particles （obtained by grinding and/or pneumatic selection） improves the physical-mechanical characteristics of mortars and concretes. In this study, we measured the lime consumption of the various fractions （granulometric and densimetric） and identified by X-ray diffraction the neoformed phases by the pozzolanic reaction, to show that it is not sufficient to simply define the pozzolanicity of products based on lime consumption since it does not take into account the nature of the phases formed. The size of the particles used in the test samples also has a determining effect on the quantity of lime consumed. Before comparing results, it is necessary to ensure that the size of the particles （of the global ash and its constituents） be the same. Two distinct neoformed ohases appear： CSH in the largest granular fractions （d〉 40 μm） and C3AH6 in the smaller fractions.

关键词： Fly ash Pozzolanic reaction Particle size

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Relation between silico-aluminous fly ash and its coal of origin

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Particuology 2008年第2期6卷 85-92页

作者： jean-Charles Benezet pierre Adamiec Ali Benhassaine Ecole des Mines d'Alès 6 Avenue de Clavieres30319 ALES CedexFrance

Fly ashes are typical complex solids which incorporate at the same time intrinsic properties derived from the layers （various mineralogical and dimensional spectra） and major transformations generated during prior processing. To use fly ashes in various applications, it is necessary to characterise them completely. The first research to date carried out on silico-aluminous fly ashes in order to characterise them physically, morphologically, chemically and mineralogically, resulted in the recognition that they are relatively simple materials. In the present study, a silico-aluminous fly ash coming from the power station of Albi （France） was selected. Heat treatment at 450 and 1200℃ together with coal simulated the treatment undergone by coal in the power station in order to mimic real coal residue. In conclusion, the diversity of the particles contained in fly ash could only be exolained by the relation existing between the fly ash and its coal of origin.

关键词： Fly ash Selection Thermal treatment

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Ocean-based climate actions recommended by academicians from Europe and China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第8期65卷 1612-1614页

作者： jean-pierre GATTUSO Nianzhi JIAO Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche CNRS-Sorbonne University-IddriParis75006France Carbon Neutral Innovation Reaserch Center Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China

Ocean acidification,deoxygenation and sea level Rise impacted by global warming intertwined with anthropogenic activities have resulted in tremendous ecological losses at species,diversity and ecosystem levels,leading... 详细信息

关键词： warming climate consequences

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Reconstructing the cruise-phase trajectory of deep-space probes in a general relativistic framework:An application to the Cassini gravitational wave experiment

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Astrodynamics 2023年第3期7卷 301-314页

作者： Joseph O’Leary jean-pierre Barriot School of Physics University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) ParkvilleVIC3010Australia Observatoire Géodésique de Tahiti University of French PolynesiaBP 657098702Faa’aTahitiFrench Polynesia

Einstein’s theory of general relativity is playing an increasingly important role in fields such as interplanetary navigation,astrometry,and *** spacecraft and interplanetary probe prediction and estimation platforms employ a perturbed Newtonian framework,supplemented with the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann n-body equations of *** time in Newtonian mechanics is formally universal,the accuracy of modern radiometric tracking systems necessitate linear corrections via increasingly complex and error-prone post-Newtonian techniques—to account for light deflection due to the solar system *** flagship projects such as the ESA/JAXA BepiColombo mission now operating at unprecedented levels of accuracy,we believe the standard corrected Newtonian paradigm is approaching its limits in terms of *** this paper,we employ a novel prototype software,General Relativistic Accelerometer-based Propagation Environment,to reconstruct the Cassini cruise-phase trajectory during its first gravitational wave experiment in a fully relativistic *** results presented herein agree with post-processed trajectory information obtained from NASA’s SPICE kernels at the order of centimetres.

关键词： general relativity planetary orbitography orbit prediction and determination

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