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Performance of a Direct Injection of IC Engine on SVO and Biodiesel from Multiple Feedstocks

Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2014年第8期2卷 1-13页

作者： Syndi Nettles-Anderson Daniel B. Olsen Jerry J. Johnson jean-nicolas enjalbert Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Department Colorado State University Fort Collins USA Soil & Crop Sciences Department Colorado State University Fort Collins USA

Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) is a promising biofuel with a low energy input to energy output ratio. Successful use of SVO in engines depends on engine performance, wear and emissions. This study focuses on short term engine emissions and performance. This research uses oils produced in Colorado as a full diesel fuel substitute in a modified single cylinder engine. This engine testing was conducted in the laboratory. The test engine was a Yanmar TF140E, which is naturally aspirated and uses low pressure (~140 bar) mechanical direct injection. The engine fuel system was modified to accommodate a 2-tank custom SVO kit. The SVO was heated to 75 °C. Fuel economy and emissions measurements were performed for petroleum diesel, four different vegetable oils (sunflower, canola, camelina, and soybean) and their biodiesel derivatives. Fuel mass flow, oxides of nitrogen (NOX), total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter were measured. No engine degradation was experienced through approximately 50 hrs of testing on SVO and 50 hrs of testing on biodiesel. Overall engine emissions for SVO and biodiesel, with the exception of THC for biodiesel, were higher than petroleum diesel. More favorable biofuel emissions comparisons to diesel are expected with other engine designs based on data from various literature sources. Data comparing raw and refined SVO indicate that refined vegetable oil produces lower particulate matter (PM) emissions. General trends were observed showing that oils with higher levels of polyunsaturated fats (e.g. C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3) produce higher levels of NOX and THC’s.

关键词： Straight Vegetable Oil Biodiesel Camelina Alternative Fuels Engine Performance Exhaust Emissions

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Effects of Feeding Programs Based on One or Two Milk Replacer Daily Meals on Growth, Solid Feed Intake and Rumen Fermentation and Development of Dairy Calves

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第12期6卷 1428-1440页

作者： Christine Julien Corine Bayourthe Caroline Lacroux Francis enjalbert Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT UMR1388 Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage Castanet-Tolosan France INRA UMR1388 Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage Castanet-Tolosan France UMR INRA ENVT 1225 Interactions H&#244te Agent Pathogène Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse 23 Chemin des Capelles Toulouse France Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT UMR1388 Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage Toulouse France

Sixteen Holstein calves were used to study the effects of two feeding programs (FP) on growth, intake, rumen development and ruminal metabolism from birth to weaning. Two feeding programs based on milk replacer (MR) were tested: a once a day (OAD) MR (200 g/L) distribution vs. a standard twice a day (TAD) MR (125 g/L) distribution. All calves received water, wheat straw and a starter concentrate ad libitum. Four calves per group were slaughtered at weaning and rumen epithelium from the ventral sac was sampled for papillae (RP) density. Results showed that the FP had no effect on body weight of calves and total feed intake. From day 42 to day 56, ruminal pH was lower (P = 0.036) and ruminal oxydo-reducing potential was higher (P = 0.001) in OAD than TAD calves. Ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations did not significantly differ between FP. From day 21 to day 63, butyrate ruminal concentration was significantly higher in OAD than TAD calves (5.17 vs 3.95 mmol/L). This probably explained the higher development of RP in calves fed once daily. Finally, the tested feeding system based on a once daily MR distribution affects the concentrate feeding pattern of calves.

关键词： Dairy Calves Milk Replacer Feeding Frequency Oxydo-Reducing Potential Rumen Development

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Combined collision-induced dissociation and photo-selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry modes for simultaneous analysis of coagulation factors and estrogens

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2014年第3期4卷 183-189页

作者： Quentin enjalbert Marion Girod Jérémy Jeudy Jordane Biarc Romain Simon Rodolphe Antoine Philippe Dugourd Jér?me Lemoine Arnaud Salvador Université Lyon 1 CNRS Université de Lyon 69622 Villeurbanne cedexFrance Institut Lumière Matière UMR5306France Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280France

Oral estrogens are directly associated with changes in plasma levels of coagulation proteins. Thus, the detection of any variation in protein concentrations due to estrogen contraceptives, by a simultaneous analysis of both coagulation proteins and estrogens, would be a very informative tool. In the present study, the merit of photo-selected reaction monitoring （SRM）, a new analytical tool, was evaluated towards estrogens detection in plasma. Then, SRM and photo-SRM detection modes were combined for the simultaneous analysis of estrogen molecules together with heparin co-factor and factor XIIa, two proteins involved in the coagulation cascade. This study shows that photo-SRM could open new multiplexed analytical routes.

关键词： Estrogen Coagulation factorprotein Metabolite Photo-dissociation fragmentation SRM

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