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Mechanistic Model versus Artificial Neural Network Model of a Single-Cell PEMFC

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第8期6卷 418-426页

作者： Brigitte Grondin-Perez Sébastien Roche Carole Lebreton michel Benne Cédric Damour jean-Jacques Amangoua Kadjo University of La Reunion Saint-Denis France

Model-based controllers can significantly improve the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) systems. However, the complexity of these strategies constraints large scale implementation. In this work, with a view to reduce complexity without affecting performance, two different modeling approaches of a single-cell PEMFC are investigated. A mechanistic model, describing all internal phenomena in a single-cell, and an artificial neural network (ANN) model are tested. To perform this work, databases are measured on a pilot plant. The identification of the two models involves the optimization of the operating conditions in order to build rich databases. The two different models benefits and drawbacks are pointed out using statistical error criteria. Regarding model-based control approach, the computational time of these models is compared during the validation step.

关键词： Mechanistic Model Artificial Neural Network Model Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Real-Time Experiment

Undescended Testis in Adult: Epidemiology and Therapeutic Aspects. About 23 Cases in HKM University Teaching Hospital of Cotonou

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Open Journal of Urology 2018年第7期8卷 206-213页

作者： Josué Avakoudjo Fred Hodonou Edoé Viyomé Sewa Yannick Tandje jean Sossa Magloire Yevi michel Agounkpe Gilles Natchagande Urology Department of HKM National Teaching Hospital Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Undescended testis is a genital pathology of pediatric age. But it is not rare that the diagnosis of this pathology is made in adults, especially in low income countries with management problems as Benin Republic. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology and therapeutic aspects of this congenital malformation in adults, in HKM University Teaching Hospital of Cotonou. Material and Method: It was a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study, conducted from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2016. Patient files served as data collecting support. All the patients aged 16 years and older were included in this study, treated and followed in the urology clinic department for undescended testis. Results: Twenty-three files were selected. The most represented age group was 16 to 20 years of age. The average consultation time from the observation of the anomaly was 213.6 months. The vacuity of the scrotum was the main reason for consultation. The absence of an intra-scrotal testis was the most clinical finding. The testis was found in the inguinal canal in 15 patients. Surgical re-positioning testis in scrotal location had been conducted for all patients and the open surgery was the only modality. Orchiectomy was performed in presence of atrophic testis. Any complication was reported in postoperative time. Later, two retractions of the testis and two testicular hypotrophies were seen. Semen control (spermograms) revealed persistence of azoospermia in three patients and astheno-zoospermia in another. Conclusion: Cryptorchidism is a pathology of the child but can still be seen in adults in our context. The main reason for consultation is the vacuity of scrotum but also paternity desire. Surgical lowering is the rule. In adults, its main purpose is the surveillance for the easy and early detection of a testicular tumor.

关键词： Undescended Testis Adult

Dynamics of Land Use and the Evolution of Agroforestry Practices in the Dja Biosphere Reserve (DBR) Southeast Cameroon

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第5期8卷 346-358页

作者： Njini Loveline Munjeb Avana Tientcheu Marie Louise Julius Tata Nfor Yerima Bernard Palmer Kfuban jean-michel Harmand Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Geography Planning and Environment Faculty of Letters and Social Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cam-eroon Department of Soil Sciences Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon CIRAD/DP-Agroforestry Yaounde Cameroon

The study had as objective to investigate the land use/land cover change from 1980 to 2019 in the Dja Biosphere Reserve using GIS and remote sensing techniques and the evolution of agroforestry practices. Semi structured questionnaires were administered to 320 farmers who were randomly selected from 35 villages of the Dja Biosphere Reserve characterized by the presence of agroforestry systems. The land use map revealed six classes which were dense humid forest, perennial crop-based agroforestry practices, river, wetland, built up and bare areas. Between 1980 and 2008, dense humid forest lost -4.9% of its area to the benefits of perennial crop-based agroforestry practices, built up and bare land. Between 2008 and 2019, dense humid forest gain 1.77% of its area due to increase in perennial crop-based agroforestry practices and a subsequent increase in vegetation cover. Perennial crop-based agroforestry practices and built up increase progressively from 1980 to 2019. Farmers perceived hunting (36.3%), slash and burn agriculture (43.3%) and harvesting of tree-based products (20.3%) as the anthropogenic activities impacting the reserve negatively. The evolution of agroforestry practices were observed on the field, but the precise area under agroforestry practices in the study area need to be estimated. As a mitigation strategy to livelihood needs as well as the rehabilitation of degraded land, the conversion of pure cultivated agricultural land into agroforestry is a major opportunity.

关键词： Land Use/Land Cover GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques Agroforestry Dja Biosphere Reserve

Direct observation of interlayer coherent acoustic phonon dynamics in bilayer and few-layer PtSe2

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Photonics Research 2019年第12期7卷 1416-1424页

作者： XIN CHEN SAIFENG ZHANG LEI WANG YI-FAN HUANG HUIYAN LIU JIAWEI HUANG NINGNING DONG WEIMIN LIU IVAN MKISLYAKOV jean michel NUNZI LONG ZHANG JUN WANG Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power LaserShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser ScienceShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China School of Physical Science and Technology Shanghai Tech UniversityShanghai 201210China STU&SIOM Joint Laboratory for Superintense Lasers and the Applications Shanghai 201210China Department of Physics Engineering Physics&Astronomy and Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityKingstonK7L-3N6 OntarioCanada State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

This work reports the real-time observation of the interlayer lattice vibrations in bilayer and few-layer PtSe_2 by means of the coherent phonon method. The layer-breathing mode and standing wave mode of the interlayer vibrations are found to coexist in such a kind of group-10 transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs). The interlayer breathing force constant standing for perpendicular coupling(per effective atom) is derived as 7.5 N/m,2.5 times larger than that of graphene. The interlayer shearing force constant is comparable to the interlayer breathing force constant, which indicates that PtSe2 has nearly isotropic interlayer coupling. The low-frequency Raman spectroscopy elucidates the polarization behavior of the layer-breathing mode that is assigned to have A1 g symmetry. The standing wave mode shows redshift with the increasing number of layers, which successfully determines the out-of-plane sound velocity of PtSe2 experimentally. Our results manifest that the coherent phonon method is a good tool to uncover the interlayer lattice vibrations, beyond the conventional Raman spectroscopy limit. The strong interlayer interaction in group-10 TMDCs reveals their promising potential in high-frequency(~terahertz) micro-mechanical resonators.

关键词： polarization interlayer coherent

Contactless Raman Spectroscopy-Based Monitoring of Physical States of Silyl-Modified Polymers during Cross-Linking

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2016年第4期6卷 151-166页

作者： Boris Colin Olivier Lavastre Stéphane Fouquay Guillaume Michaud Frédéric Simon Olivier Laferte jean-michel Brusson Laboratory of Functional Materials Institut Electronique Télecommunication Rennes Unité Mixte Recherche 6164 Centre National Recherche Scientifique University of RENNES 1 Rennes France Bostik Smart Technology Center Zac du bois de Plaisance 101 Venette France TOTAL S.A. Tour Michelet A 24 Cours Michelet La Defence France

Cross-linking of silyl-modified polymers occurs at the alkoxysilane groups attached to the ends of polymer chains by hydrolysis and polycondensation mechanisms in the presence of moisture. During these reactions, three different physical states can be identified (viscous, skin effect and cross-linked state). Knowledge of the evolution of these states at each reaction time is essential to determine the open time for the adhe-sive industry and is generally obtained by a manual method. Automation of this moni-toring could avoid operator error and could be used for very long cross linking reac-tions or to screen a large number of catalysts. Thus, a contactless micro process tech-nology was developed to correlate these physical states with an optical technology, Raman spectroscopy, by monitoring the decrease in intensity of the Si-OCH3 groups during chemical reactions. This online characterization method can also be used to compare the efficiencies of several catalysts for the cross-linking of silyl-modified polymers, using a minimum amount of chemical materials.

关键词： Silyl Modified Polymers Physical States Micro Contactless Monitoring Raman Spectroscopy Cross-Linking

A 3D Human Liver Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第4期8卷 359-370页

作者： Marion Duriez Agnes Jacquet Lucile Hoet Sandrine Roche Marie-Dominique Bock Corinne Rocher Gilles Haussy Xavier Vigé Zsolt Bocskei Tamara Slavnic Valérie Martin jean-Claude Guillemot michel Didier Aimo Kannt Cécile Orsini Vincent Mikol Anne-Céline Le Fèvre Translational Sciences Sanofi1 Avenue Pierre BrossoletteChilly-MazarinFrance IT&M STATS Groupe IT&MNeuilly-sur-SeineFrance Non Clinical Biostatistics SanofiVitry sur SeineFrance Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research SanofiIndustriepark HöchstFrankfurtGermany Institute of Experimental Pharmacology Medical Faculty MannheimUniversity of HeidelbergMannheimGermany

Background and Aims: To better understand nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) disease progression and to evaluate drug targets and compound activity, we undertook the devel-opment of an in vitro 3D model to mimic liver architecture and the NASH environment. Methods:We have developed an in vitro preclinical 3D NASH model by coculturing primary hu-man hepatocytes, human stellate cells, liver endothelial cells and Kupffer cells embedded in a hydrogel of rat collagen on a 96-well plate. A NASH-like environment was induced by ad-dition of medium containing free fatty acids and tumor ne-crosis factor-α. This model was then characterized by biochemical, imaging and transcriptomics analyses. Results:We succeeded in defining suitable culture conditions to main-tain the 3D coculture for up to 10 days in vitro, with the lowest level of steatosis and reproducible low level of inflammation and fibrosis. NASH disease was induced with a custom me-dium mimicking NASH features. The cell model exhibited the key NASH disease phenotypes of hepatocyte injury, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hepatocyte injury was highlighted by a decrease of CYP3A4 expression and activity, without loss of viability up to day 10. Moreover, the model was able to stimulate a stable inflammatory and early fibrotic environ-ment, with expression and secretion of several cytokines. A global gene expression analysis confirmed the NASH induc-tion. Conclusions:This is a new in vitro model of NASH dis-ease consisting of four human primary cell-types that exhibits most features of the disease. The 10-day cell viability and cost effectiveness of the model make it suitable for medium throughput drug screening and provide attractive avenues to better understand disease physiology and to identify and characterize new drug targets.

关键词： 3D liver model Human primary cells Key features of NASH

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重访全球化时代理论的未来

上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2019年第6期27卷 109-117页

作者：让·米歇尔·拉巴泰李淼(译) 宾夕法尼亚大学费城19104 上海交通大学外国语学院上海200240

本文拟对理论作一番审视和诊断以预测理论在当下及未来的发展方向。文章首先回顾了本人2002年的著作《理论的未来》,该书旨在回应风靡当时的共识--理论已经死亡。笔者认为这种死刑判决为时过早。理论不仅在今天仍具有生命力,而且显然在... 详细信息

本文拟对理论作一番审视和诊断以预测理论在当下及未来的发展方向。文章首先回顾了本人2002年的著作《理论的未来》,该书旨在回应风靡当时的共识--理论已经死亡。笔者认为这种死刑判决为时过早。理论不仅在今天仍具有生命力,而且显然在未来也将得以延续。笔者评估了20世纪90年代受到驳斥的理论:一种来自马克思主义或解构思想的强势理论;相比之下,由新理论探索催生的、具有多重复调且相对较弱的理论更为人青睐。新理论遵循德里达后期的思想,但对理论的一些主张表示怀疑。在不断涌现的新理论中,笔者着重讨论三种主要的批评话语:情感理论、生态批评和后拉康式精神分析学,并援引自己书中的例子进行阐释。文章最后得出结论,由于视角健康多样,理论在当今依旧充满活力。

关键词：理论批评学派情感生态精神分析多样性

Biological Activity of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>and <i>Ravensara aromatica</i>Essential Oils from Madagascar and Their Possible Use against Postharvest Mango Anthracnose

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第11期11卷 1682-1697页

作者： Soloniony Navalonamanitra Andrianjafinandrasana Marc Chillet Isabelle Ratsimiala Ramonta jean-michel Leong Pock Tsy Jerôme Minier Pascal Danthu Université d’Antananarivo Sciences et Technologies Sciences de la Vie et de l’Environnement Biotechnologie Antananarivo Madagascar DP Forêts & Biodiversité Antananarivo Madagascar Cirad Persyst UMR Qualisud 7 Chemin de l’IRAT 97410 SAINT PIERRE La Réunion UMR Qualisud Université de Montpellier CIRAD Université de la Réunion Montpellier SupAgro Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse Montpellier France Département des Recherches Forestières et Gestion Ressources Naturelles-FOFIFA Antananarivo Madagascar Cirad UPR HortSys Université de Montpellier Montpellier France

The fungitoxicity of five Malagasy essential oils (Eos) against Colletotrichum asianum was assessed in terms of conidial germination and mycelial growth. Their effect on defense-related compounds content, physicochemical properties and anthracnose lesions in mango fruits was also determined. Four of the tested Eos were from Ravensara aromatica leaves, and the last Eo was extracted from clove leaves. Their chemical compositions were then determined through GC-MS analysis and the active compound of the most fungitoxic Eo was determined by testing the toxicity of its major component to C. asianums spore germination, mycelial

关键词： Biological Activity Syzygium aromaticum Ravensara aromatic Fungitoxicity Anthracnose Essential Oils

译解人类基因组:计算机科学家在生物学中面临的挑战

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科学对社会的影响 1990年第4期39卷 28-37页

作者： jean-michel Claverie 张大卫巴斯德研究所实验室

全面译解人类基因组的计划需要建立高分辨率的遗传图,需要确定构成基因组的数以万计DNA片段的有序集(称为“物理图谱”),需要测定构成人类基因组的30亿个核苷酸的准确排列顺序。目前运用的或正在研究的实验策略是依靠计算机科学的各个方... 详细信息

全面译解人类基因组的计划需要建立高分辨率的遗传图,需要确定构成基因组的数以万计DNA片段的有序集(称为“物理图谱”),需要测定构成人类基因组的30亿个核苷酸的准确排列顺序。目前运用的或正在研究的实验策略是依靠计算机科学的各个方面:自动化、模拟、计算、计划管理、数据库等。这一庞大计划虽属生物学范畴,但其成功首先要靠所用信息技术的质量,或许还要靠数据库和数据表达领域的新概念的出现。

关键词：计算机人类基因组