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SmartMicro Grid Energy System Management Based on Optimum Running Cost for Rural Communities in Rwanda

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Energy Engineering 2024年第7期121卷 1805-1821页

作者： Fabien Mukundufite jean marie Vianney Bikorimana Alexander Kyaruzi Lugatona Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department University of RwandaKigaliRwanda Electrical Engineering Department University of Dar es SalaamDar es SalaamTanzania

The governmental electric utility and the private sector are joining hands to meet the target of electrifying all households by ***,the aforementioned goal is challenged by households that are scattered in remote *** far,Solar Home Systems(SHS)have mostly been applied to increase electricity access in rural *** have continuous constraints to meet electricity demands and cannot run income-generating *** current research presents the feasibility study of electrifying Remera village with the smart microgrid as a case *** renewable energy resources available in Remera are the key sources of electricity in that *** generation capacity is estimated based on the load *** microgrid configurations are simulated with HOMER,and the genetic algorithm is used to analyze the optimum *** analyzing the impact of operation and maintenance costs,the results show that the absence of subsidies increases the levelized cost of electricity(COE)five times greater than the electricity price from the public *** microgrid made up of PV,diesel generator,and batteries proved to be the most viable solution and ensured continuous power supply to *** considering the subsidies,COE reaches 0.186$/kWh,a competitive price with electricity from public utilities in Rwanda.

关键词： Load demand load profile optimum running cost power demand satisfaction smart meters and smart micro grid

Comparative Analysis of Meteorological Drought Indices in Quantifying and Characterizing Drought Events Over Burundi

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Comparative Analysis of Meteorological Drought Indices in Qu...

作者： jean marie NDAYIRAGIJE 扬州大学

学位级别：硕士

1.绪论气候变化对与天气有关的自然灾害的发生产生越来越大的影响。本世纪极端天气比以往任何时候都多。气候变化,除了使人口脆弱性和暴露度迅速增加外,还增加了与极端天气相关灾害的风险,包括洪水、干旱、热浪和风暴。此外,自然灾害仍... 详细信息

1.绪论气候变化对与天气有关的自然灾害的发生产生越来越大的影响。本世纪极端天气比以往任何时候都多。气候变化,除了使人口脆弱性和暴露度迅速增加外,还增加了与极端天气相关灾害的风险,包括洪水、干旱、热浪和风暴。此外,自然灾害仍然是政策制定者和管理者的当务之急,尤其是在高风险地区。当这些极端灾难发生的强度高或持续时间长时,可能会对生命安全和社会经济活动造成破坏。在气候变化的情况下,天气变化对水资源的利用和管理产生了巨大影响。世界上有很多人正在遭受水资源短缺危机,或者因为降雨量超过正常平均水平而产生洪涝灾害。干旱是一种自然灾害,由于其对自然环境、生态、水文,特别是农业的有害影响,严重影响人类的生存和经济财产安全。在布隆迪北部,干旱是一种持续时间长且反复发生的自然灾害。尽管该地区容易发生干旱,而且经常遭受干旱,但依然缺乏对该地区旱事件的系统调查与研究。为了量化和表征干旱事件,本研究使用了两个干旱指数,即标准化降水蒸发蒸腾指数(SPEI)和标准化降水指数(SPI),在2个月、6个月和24个月的时间尺度上进行分析。由于布隆迪的大多数种植植物分别需要2至6个月才能完全生长成熟并收获,因此为了与农业生产相对应,采用了以上时间尺度。根据计算的SPEI和SPI值,利用Mann-Kendall(MK)检验和Sen的斜率估计器来分析干旱趋势。本文比较了这两个干旱指数,并定量地阐明SPEI和SPI之间的差异。调查结果显示,1993-2000年和2002-2009年期间,不同类型的干旱威胁着布隆迪北部。这两个指数都表明,2005年、2006年和2007年是极端干旱的年份。SPEI指数检测到的干旱事件分为中度和重度两类,其特征是持续时间长、规模大。相比之下,SPI检测到的干旱事件被归类为“极度干旱”类别,其特征是持续时间有限,烈度较低,但强度较高。这项研究强调,SPEI在量化和表征干旱方面与SPI不同,并建议在评估干旱时同时使用SPEI和SPI。这项研究的结果将有助于布隆迪各地的干旱预防和缓解,特别是有助于农业生产。此外,强烈建议采取积极的缓解干旱的措施、缓解气候变化和完善水资源管理政策,以减少干旱风险及其对人口和自然环境的影响。1.1研究背景干旱事件是发生在全球各地的自然灾害,但其频率、持续时间、严重程度和强度等特征因地形和地理条件而异,因地区和国家而异。根据干旱的严重程度和持续时间,干旱可能对人类和环境产生危险和深远的影响,特别是影响社会、经济和生态系统。气候变化和天气多变等自然现象是造成干旱的主要原因。此外,采矿和砍伐森林等人类活动会加剧干旱的频率和严重程度。干旱事件比较难定义,因为它取决于地区和气候条件、水资源的需求和学科观点的差异。尽管干旱以多种方式影响自然环境和人类生命和财富,但干旱的概念本身是不确定的。直到今天,还没有普遍的干旱定义,但科学家和研究人员就干旱的非常普遍和广为人知的定义达成了一致。一般而言,干旱始于特定地区长时间的降水不足,导致某些农牧业活动、学校和医院等人群或环境部门缺水(***/whatis/***)。另一方面,政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)将干旱定义为异常干燥的天气,持续时间长到足以导致严重的水文失衡并导致河流、池塘和湖泊等水体枯竭,世界气象组织(WMO)将干旱定义为持续和长期的降水短缺。1.2研究目的与意义论文的研究目的包括:1.定义不同类型的干旱、其原因和影响;2.干旱事件的量化、表征和分析;3.干旱指数SPEI和SPI的比较分析;4.说明气象干旱指数在干旱监测中的有效性;5.为研究区提出可能的减轻干旱影响的缓解措施。这项研究旨在量化、识别和描述布隆迪的干旱事件。该研究将使人们更好地了解干旱的发生、风险和影响。此外,这项研究的成果将使决策者、规划者和水资源管理者能够在抗旱准备和实施抗旱措施方面做出更多选择。另外,目前很少有关于布隆迪干旱事件的研究。它将作为进一步研究的参考,并提供政策制定和决策制定所需的理论支持,以改善水资源管理和环境保护,特别是减轻干旱。1.3研究内容与技术路线技术路线见图1.1。研究主要包括以下内容:(1)气象数据采集:八个气象站月降水量、最高、最低气温;(2)采用两项气象干旱指数;(3)使用R中的SPEI包生成SPEI和SPI值;(4)干旱量化、干旱事件识别与表征。#12图1-1技术路线图2.研究区域与方法2.1研究区简介布隆迪是一个内陆国家,北部与卢旺达接壤,南部和东部与坦桑尼亚接壤,西部与刚果民主共和国接壤。由于位于赤道带,该国属热带气候。布隆迪的地形以五个不同的微气候区为特征:以洼地和平原为特征的北部和东部,米尔瓦的悬崖,在西部,刚果-尼罗河洋脊将布隆迪的水

关键词：干旱特征 SPEI和SPI指数干旱发生率气候变化 Mann-Kendall检验布隆迪

Reciprocal interactions between gut microbiota and autophagy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第48期27卷 8283-8301页

作者： Pierre Lapaquette jean-Baptiste Bizeau Niyazi Acar marie-Agnès Bringer UMR PAM A 02.102 University Bourgogne Franche-ComtéAgrosup DijonDijon 21000France Eye and Nutrition Research Group Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'AlimentationAgroSup DijonCNRSINRAEUniversitéBourgogne Franche-ComtéDijon 21000France

A symbiotic relationship has set up between the gut microbiota and its host in the course of evolution,forming an interkingdom *** gut offers a favorable ecological niche for microbial communities,with the whole body and external factors(e.g.,diet or medications)contributing to modulating this ***,the gut microbiota is important for maintaining health by acting not only on the gut mucosa but also on other ***,failure in one or another of these two partners can lead to the breakdown in their symbiotic equilibrium and contribute to disease onset and/or *** microbial and host processes are devoted to facing up the stress that could alter the symbiosis,ensuring the resilience of the *** these processes,autophagy is a host catabolic process integrating a wide range of stress in order to maintain cell survival and *** cytoprotective mechanism,which is ubiquitous and operates at basal level in all tissues,can be rapidly down-or upregulated at the transcriptional,post-transcriptional,or post-translational levels,to respond to various stress *** of its sensitivity to all,metabolic-,immune-,and microbial-derived stimuli,autophagy is at the crossroad of the dialogue between changes occurring in the gut microbiota and the host *** this review,we first delineate the modulation of host autophagy by the gut microbiota locally in the gut and in peripheral ***,we describe the autophagy-related mechanisms affecting the gut *** conclude this review with the current challenges and an outlook toward the future interventions aiming at modulating host autophagy by targeting the gut microbiota.

关键词： Gut microbiota Autophagy Probiotic Brain Liver Muscle

The potential value of intravascular ultrasound imaging in diagnosis of aortic intramural hematoma

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2011年第4期8卷 224-229页

作者： Wei Hu Francois Schiele Nicolas Meneveau marie-France Seronde Pierre Legalery jean-Francois Bonneville Sidney Chocron jean-Pierre Bassand Department of Cardiology Min Hang District Central HospitalShanghai 201100China Department of Cardiology University Hospital Jean MinjozBesançon 25000France Department of Radiology University Hospital Jean MinjozBesançon 25000France Department of Cardiac Surgery University Hospital Jean MinjozBesançon 25000France

Objective To evaluate the potential value of intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)imaging in the diagnosis of aortic intramural hematoma(AIH).Methods From September 2002 to May 2005,a consecutive series of 15 patients with suspected aortic dissection(AD)underwent both IVUS imaging and spiral computed tomography(CT).Six patients diagnosed as acute type B AIH by CT or IVUS composed the present study *** The study group consisted of five males and one female with mean age of 66 years *** of them had chest or back *** one patient,CT omitted a localized AIH and an associated penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer(PAU),which were detected by *** another patient,CT mistaken a partly thrombosed false lumen as an AIH,whereas IVUS detected a subtle intimal tear and slow moving blood in the false *** the four rest patients,both CT and IVUS made the diagnosis of AIH,however,IVUS detected three PAUs in three of them,only one of them was also detected by CT,and two of them escaped initial CT and were confirmed by follow up CT or magnetic resonance *** IVUS imaging is a safe examination and has high accuracy in the diagnosis of AIH,particularly for diagnosing localized AIH,distinguishing AIH with thrombosed classic AD and detecting accompanied small PAUs.

关键词： intravascular ultrasound diagnosis aortic intramural hematom

Modification of the adsorption and catalytic properties of micro-and mesoporous materials by reactions with organometallic complexes

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第9期53卷 1862-1869页

作者： LEFEBVRE Frédéric PUTAJ Piotr BASSET jean-marie Université de Lyon ICL C2P2 UMR 5265(CNRS-CPE-Université Lyon 1) LCOMS-CPE Lyon

This review describes the work of two laboratories in the field of the modification of micro-and mesoporous molecular sieves through reactions with organometallic *** modification of zeolites can occur inside the pore channels or on the external surface,depending on the size of the organometallic *** the modification occurs on the external surface,it results in a decrease of the pore entrance,which will lead in turn to a modification of the sorption properties of the zeolite,by decreasing the rate of the adsorption(mainly by a kinetic control).Such a material can be also used in catalysis,because the external acid sites,which are responsible for side-reactions,have been removed upon *** small organometallic complexes are used,they can fill the channels and cages of the zeolite and react with internal hydroxyl *** to the high acidity of zeolites,the reaction occurs very easily(for example at-100℃ on faujasite),in contrast to what is observed on the external surface,therefore leading to high metal *** that case,the modification of the sorption properties will be mainly related to a thermodynamic *** resulting materials can be useful in catalysis,by combining the activity of the organometallic complex and properties(for example shape-selectivity) of the *** of mesoporous molecular sieves occurs always in the pores and results in altering of the sorption properties of the solid,by changing the interaction type between the sorbent and the *** example the sorption isotherm of alkanes is changed from type II to type III according to the IUPAC nomenclature.

关键词： zeolites transition metals organometallic compounds adsorption properties

Recent advances in gastrointestinal cancers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第28期27卷 4493-4503页

作者： Natacha Bordry Christoforos Astaras marie Ongaro Nicolas Goossens jean Louis Frossard Thibaud Koessler Department of Oncology University Hospital of Geneva(HUG)Genève 1205Switzerland Divison of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of Geneva(HUG)Genève 1205Switzerland

Gastrointestinal cancers occur in a total of eight different locations,each of them with a different standard of *** article is not an exhaustive review of what has been published in *** have concentrated on the thirteen phase III randomized studies that are *** these studies are oral presentations which have been given in one of the four major oncology congresses,namely American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO),ASCO gastrointestinal(GI),European Society of Medical Oncology(ESMO)and *** provide a concise view of these major trials and their main outcomes,and put these results into context.

关键词： Practice changing trials Immunotherapy Gastrointestinal cancers Gastrointestinal Gastric cancer

Recurrent Clostridium difficile infections:The importance of the intestinal microbiota

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7416-7423页

作者： marie Céline Zanella Terrier Martine Louis Simonet Philippe Bichard jean Louis Frossard Service of General Internal Medicine Geneva University Hospital1211 GenevaSwitzerland Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Geneva University Hospital1211 GenevaSwitzerland

Clostridium difficile infections(CDI)are a leading cause of antibiotic-associated and nosocomial *** effective antibiotic treatments,recurrent infections are *** the recent emergence of hypervirulent isolates of ***,CDI is a growing epidemic with higher rates of recurrence,increasing severity and *** microbiota transplantation(FMT)is an alternative treatment for recurrent CDI.A better understanding of intestinal microbiota and its role in CDI has opened the door to this promising therapeutic *** is thought to resolve dysbiosis by restoring gut microbiota diversity thereby breaking the cycle of recurrent *** the first reported use of FMT for recurrent CDI in 1958,systematic reviews of case series and case report have shown its effectiveness with high resolution rates compared to standard antibiotic *** article focuses on current guidelines for CDI treatment,the role of intestinal microbiota in CDI recurrence and current evidence about FMT efficacy,adverse effects and acceptability.

关键词： Clostridium difficile infection Clostridium difficile recurrence Fecal microbiota transplantation Stool transplantation Microbiota

Optical coherence tomography angiography at the acute phase of optic disc edema

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 144-150页

作者： marie-Bénédicte Rougier Mélanie Le Goff jean-François Korobelnik Service d’Ophtalmologie CHU de BordeauxBordeauxFrance Bordeaux Population Health Research Center Team LEHAUniversity BordeauxINSERMUMR 1219F-33000 BordeauxFrance

Background:The differential diagnosis of optic disc edema at the acute phase can be *** angiography(OCTA)is a new technology allowing the visualization of the peripapillary vascular network and optic disc *** peripapillary network alterations of glaucoma and chronic non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)were ***,no OCTA studies on acute optic disc edema from various *** aim of this project was to use OCTA to demonstrate the vascular changes the optic nerve head of various types of optic disc edema at the acute ***:In this retrospective study,patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION),papillitis or papilledema were *** patient was imaged using the AngioPlex^(TM)CIRRUS^(TM)HD-OCT device(model 5000,Carl Zeiss Meditec,Inc.,Dublin,USA)with a scanning area of 6×6 mm^(2) centered on the optic disc.A morphological analysis of the peripapillary network was *** some patients with unilateral optic disc edema,a quantitative analysis was performed using a swept-source OCT-A system(PLEX®Elite 9000,Carl Zeiss Meditec,Inc.,Dublin,USA).Vessel perfusion density and flux index of the peripapillary area were ***:Eight eyes with NAION(4 patients),12 eyes with papillitis(6 patients)and 25 eyes with papilledema(13 patients)were *** apparent disappearance or moderate pattern alteration of the peripapillary capillary vessels were observed in patients with NAION or papillitis,*** papilledema,the capillaries at the surface of the optic disc were dilated and tortuous,but no peripapillary network pattern changes were *** quantitative analysis did not show any difference of peripapillary network between NAION and healthy *** papillitis,the flux index was higher in inflammatory eyes compared to the healthy eyes in average(p=0.03).Conclusion:At the acute phase,the morphological analysis of OCT-A appeared to be more useful than the q

关键词： Optical coherence tomography angiography Optic nerve head Edema NAION Microvascular network And morphology

Aging and menopause reprogram osteoclast precursors for aggressive bone resorption

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Bone Research 2020年第3期8卷 333-342页

作者： Anais marie Julie Moller jean-marie Delaisse Jacob Bastholm Olesen Jonna Skov Madsen Luisa Matos Canto Troels Bechmann Silvia Regina Rogatto Kent Soe Clinical Cell Biology Lillebaelt HospitalUniversity Hospital of Southern Denmark7100 VejleDenmark Department of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark5230 Odense MDenmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Lillebaelt HospitalUniversity Hospital of Southern Denmark7100 VejleDenmark Clinical Cell Biology Department of PathologyOdense University Hospital5000 Odense CDenmark Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark5230 Odense MDenmark Department of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark5230 Odense MDenmark Department of Clinical Genetics Lillebaelt HospitalUniversity Hospital of Southern Denmark7100 VejleDenmark Department of Oncology Lillebaelt HospitalUniversity Hospital of Southern Denmark7100 VejleDenmark OPEN Odense Patient data Explorative NetworkOdense University Hospital5000 Odense CDenmark

Women gradually lose bone from the age of〜35 years,but around menopause,the rate of bone loss escalates due to increasing bone resorption and decreasing bone formation levels,rendering these individuals more prone to developing *** increased osteoclast activity has been linked to a reduced estrogen level and other hormonal ***,it is unclear whether intrinsic changes in osteoclast precursors around menopause can also explain the increased osteoclast ***,we set up a protocol in which CD14f blood monocytes were isolated from 49 female donors(40-66 years old).Cells were differentiated into osteoclasts,and data on differentiation and resorption activity were *** multiple linear regression analyses combining in vitro and in vivo data,we found the following:(1)age and menopausal status correlate with aggressive osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro;(2)the type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide level in vivo inversely correlates with osteoclast resorption activity in vitro;(3)the protein level of mature cathepsin K in osteoclasts in vitro increases with age and menopause;and(4)the promoter of the gene encoding the dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein is less methylated with *** conclude that monocytes are"reprogrammed"in vivo,allowing them to"remember"age,the menopausal status,and the bone formation status in vitro,resulting in more aggressive *** discovery suggests that this may be mediated through DNA *** suggest that this may have clinical implications and could contribute to understanding individual differences in age-and menopause-induced bone loss.

关键词： osteoclast menopause osteoporosis