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Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of Children Exposed to SARS-CoV-2 at the COVID-19 Treatment Center at the ISIRO Hospital and WATSA in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第9期12卷 73-81页

作者： Hilaire Lisimo Abwa David Azako Michel Ngbatala Bienvenu Apenya Jolie Mambeizidra Julbert Malangu Eugene Kumbodimo George Mutuale Herman Luhavo jean claude gbundu Fiston Bolanda François Enze Marie Tasile Yvette Kpakpo Nyange Nicholas Katembo Clinics Universitaires Uele Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine University of Uele Isiro Democratic Republic of the Congo General Hospital of Isiro Isiro Democratic Republic of the Congo Division Provinciale de la Sant du Haut Ul Isiro Democratic Republic of the Congo Additional Vaccination Program for Watsa Watsa Democratic Republic of the Congo Center Hospitalier KIBALI Durba Democratic Republic of the Congo Hospital General of Watsa Watsa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Introduction: COVID-19, an emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), typically presents with mild clinical manifestations in pediatric populations. As in many other regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the COVID-19 pandemic affected children in Haut-Uélé, a province bordering South Sudan and Uganda. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of COVID-19 in pediatric population in this area. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a 6-month period from August 1, 2021 to February 7, 2022. It included all patients aged 0 to 19 years with confirmed COVID-19 using RT-PCR and managed at the COVID-19 Treatment Centers (CTCO) in ISIRO and WATSA. Data were collected from patient records supplemented by the dataset from the service of Health Information System (SNIS) and the Epidemiological Surveillance Commission of the Provincial Health Division (DPS). Epidemiological and clinical profiles were analyzed. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, Version 18. Results: During the 4th wave of the pandemic, 5 out of 13 health zones in Haut-Uélé province were affected, with a total of 569 recorded cases;45 of them were children aged 0 to 19 years (7.9%). Asymptomatic cases accounted for 33.3% (15 cases). The mean age was 9.88 ± 5.49 years, with the most affected age group being 10 - 14 years (44.45%). There was a predominance of males (73.3%), with a male-to-female sex ratio of 2.75. Half of the patients (53.3%) were from Watsa Health Zone. A seasonal peak was observed between December and January. Comorbidities were present in 10% of infected patients, and nearly half of participants were contacts of infected individuals. The primary reasons for admission were fever (66.66%), followed by rhinorrhea (57.77%) and cough (31.11%). All patients responded favorably to treatment. Conclusion: The proportion of pediatric COVID-19 cases at t

关键词： COVID-19 Morbi-Mortal Emergency Haut-Uélé

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Deep eutectic solvent-driven self-assembly of metal mercaptide complexes with enzyme-mimicking activities for detection of uric acid through one-step cascade catalytic reaction

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期5卷 75-84页

作者： jean claude Munyemana Jia Chen Xin Li Yangxia Han Hao Tang Hongdeng Qiu CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100039China Department of Pharmacy Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhou730000China

This work presents a generic strategy to create a series of metal mercaptides complexes via coordination selfassembly between transition metals(Mn,Cu,Co,Fe,and Ni)and cysteine(Cys)by forming the sulfur-metal *** strategy involves dissolving metal chlorides and Cys into deep eutectic solvents(DES),followed by the precipitation of metal mercaptides complexes(such as Cys-Mn)by adding water as an antisolvent,where DES serves as the solvent,shape directing,and capping agent,thereby preventing the formation of other metal ***,the prepared complexes possess both laccase and peroxidase-like properties,allowing the design of a technique for the detection of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine(L-DOPA)and uric acid,*** prepared Cys-Mn can linearly oxidize L-DOPA with its concentrations from 0.1 to 130μM and the detection limit was calculated to be 75.5 n ***,the Cys-Mn can mimic the activity of peroxidase towards oxidization of o-phenylenediamine at neutral p H,allowing single-step and one-pot cascade reactions for visual and fluorometric measurements of uric acid(UA)that could work in the range of 0.2-500μM UA with a detection limit of 0.06μM and 0.054μМ,*** assay was successful in detecting UA in serum and urine samples with relative standard deviation(RSD)ranging from 7.3%to 10.2%and 3.0%-8.5%respectively,suggesting that it may prove useful in medical diagnostic testing.

关键词： Metal-mercaptides Deep eutectic solvents Self-assembly Peroxidase-mimic catalyst Uric acid detection

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The Njiki’s Fundamental Theorem-Definition on Fractions in the Mathematical Set ℚ and by Extension in ℝ and ℂ, for the Purpose of Leading to the Construction of Some Algebraic Structures as Its Theoretical Applications and for the Practical Ones

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2024年第3期14卷 358-379页

作者： jean claude Njiki Independent Researcher Yaound Cameroon

The purpose of the research in the NJIKI’s fundamental THEOREM-DEFINITION on fractions in the mathematical set ℚand by extension in ℝand ℂand in order to construct some algebraic structures is about the proved EXISTENCE and the DEFINITION by NJIKI of two INNOVATIVE, IMPORTANT and TEACHABLE operations of addition or additive operations, in ℚ, marked ⊕and +α,β, and taken as VECTORIAL, TRIANGULAR, of THREE or PROPORTIONAL operations and in order to make THEM not be different from the RATIONAL ONE, +, but to bring much more and new information on fractions, and, by extension in ℝand ℂ. And the very NJIKI’s fundamental THEOREM-DEFINITION having many APPLICATIONS in the everyday life of the HUMAN BEINGS and without talking about computer sciences, henceforth being supplied with very interesting new ALGORITHMS. And as for the work done in the research, it will be waiting for its extension to be done after publication and along with the research results concerned.

关键词： Operations of Addition Additive Operations in ℚ Laws in ℚ THEOREM-DEFINITION External Multiplication

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New Insights in the Biodegradability and the Ecotoxicological Effects of Solar Products Containing Mineral and Chemical UV-Filters on Marine Zoo- and Phytoplanktons: An in silico and in vitro Study

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2024年第1期14卷 98-111页

作者： jean-claude Hubaud Karim Mekideche jean-Eric Branka Luc Lefeuvre HELIOSCIENCE Cité de la cosmétique 2 rue Odette Jasse Marseille France EPHYSCIENCE 498ter route de Saint Joseph de Porterie Nantes France Laboratoires Dermatologiques d’Uriage Neuilly-sur-Seine France

Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshol

关键词： UV-Filters Chemical UV-Filter Biodegradability Ecotoxicology in silico in vitro Zooplankton Phytoplankton Phaeodactylum tricornutum Acartia tonsa

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Water Quality on the Basement Areas in Kouba-Adougoul and Its Surroundings, Guera Province, Chad

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第9期12卷 388-406页

作者： Tekoum Leontine Benadjingar Nguelmbaye jean claude Doumnang Mbaigane Laboratoire de geologie geomorphologie et de teledetection Dpartement de Gologie Facult de Sciences Exactes et Appliques Universit de NDjamna NDjamena Chad Laboratoire hydro-gosciences et reservoirs Dpartement de Gologie Facult de Sciences Exactes et Appliques Universit de NDjamna NDjamena Chad

Water is an essential element for all forms of life. The quantity and quality of water are a problem in places. In Kouba Adougoul and its surroundings in south guera, water-related health problems are reported. That is why this study focuses on the quality of water in the basement areas, of Kouba Adougoul. Our objective is to contribute to a better understanding of water of human consumption in these areas for this, we carried out a physicochemical and bacteriological control on a number water point. Ten water points were collected during May 2022 for analysis. To achieve this objective, we made the in-situ analysis of physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature. These measurements were made using the multi-parameter kit. The result shows that, the water temperatures vary from 24.4˚C to 27.4˚C proving that the waters are from deep depths. For the use of these waters, it is necessary to take certain precautions. The pH values varied between 6.15 and 7.78, an average of 6.77 giving some waters an aggressive character. It was low mineralized, with electrical conductivity averages ranging from 182.1 to 2100 μS/cm−1 an average of 586.36 μS/cm−1. For the chemical parameters, it is by hydrometric titration that the content of the ions was determined. The determination of the various coliforms in these waters was carried out by its various methods which led to detecting that the waters of Kouba Adougoul are turbid, and present high proportions of nitrates, iron and ammonium. The presence of pathogenic germs, such as total coliforms and thermo-tolerant coliforms in these waters, has been demonstrated. For their consumption, these waters deserve treatment beforehand. In the study area, the anthropogenic activities are considered the most serious sources of groundwater.

关键词： Environmental Pollution Hydrochemistry Aquifers Crystalline Basement Kouba-Adougoul (Guera-Chad)

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31 Plant Species against Blood Feeding and Disease Vectors Insects: Beyond Anti-Insect Properties, Unvalued Opportunities and Challenges for Health and Sustainability

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第5期15卷 167-206页

作者： Prudence Bararunyeretse jean claude Niyokwizera Esperance Gateretse Mathias Hitimana Research Center for Natural and Environmental Sciences (CRSNE) University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Institutes of Agronomic Sciences of Burundi (ISABU) Bujumbura Burundi East African Nutritional Sciences Institute (EANSI) University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi

Plants with bioactive properties are greatly useful in preventing and controlling blood-sucking and disease-vector invertebrates, particularly in developing countries and low-income communities. Their application is a promising alternative to synthetic compounds whose use remains a health, environmental, and economic challenge. However, many are still unknown and unvalued, while others are becoming ignored and threatened. The main objective of this ethnobotanical study is to identify and characterize indigenous and locally grown plants against blood-sucking and disease-vector insects. Salient opportunities and challenges of using these plants are documented and discussed. Semi-structured interviews, using a prepared questionnaire, were conducted with 228 informants. The consensus index (CI) was calculated to analyze the reliability of the collected information. The identified 31 anti-insect plant species belong to 20 botanical families, four morphological categories, and six habitat types. They can be categorized as insecticidal plants (42% of the total), insect repellent (42% of the total), and both insecticidal and insect repellent (16% of the total). More than 54% of these are still abundant in the study area, while about 35.5% have become rare and difficultly accessible. Based on the numerical importance of related anti-insect plant species, the seven targeted blood-sucking insects range in the following decreasing order: Jiggers (16 species) > Fire Ants (9 species) > Flies (8 plants) > Mosquitoes (4 species) > Fleas (2 species) > Bedbugs (1 species) > lice (0 species). The three most commonly used plants, with the highest confirmation indices, are Tetradenia riparia (ICs = 0.712), Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii (ICs = 0.302), and Solanum aculeastrum (ICs = 0.288). The antimicrobial role of many locally grown anti-insect plants and the multiple other associated valorization possibilities are ignored by most informants. Domesticating, propagating, protecting

关键词： Blood-Feeding Insects Anti-Insect Plants Biopesticides Sustainability Burundi

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Bound and Resonating Multiquark Configurations

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第8期41卷 8-12页

作者： jean-Marc Richard Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon Université claude Bernard(Lyon 1) CNRS-IN2P34 rue Enrico Fermi69622 VilleurbanneFrance

We review the predictions of quark models for multiquark configurations that are bound or resonant states,and compare different methods for estimating the properties of resonances.

关键词： quark Configuration resonant

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Factors Associated with HIV/Tuberculosis Coinfection among People Living with HIV after Initiation of Antiretroviral Treatment in Lingwala Health Zone from 2021 to 2023

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 176-195页

作者： jean claude Mikobi Maleshila Espérant Ntambue Malu Fabrice Sewolo Tacite Kpanya Mazoba jean Nyandwe Kyloka Kinshasa School of Public Health University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Medical Imaging (CIRIMED) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context and objective: Around 8% of incident cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported among people living with HIV worldwide in 2022. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV. Africa accounts for the majority of co-infection episodes, with over 50% of cases in some parts of southern Africa. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), around 9% of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) develop TB and 11% of TB patients are infected with HIV. The DRC is one of the 30 countries in the world bearing the brunt of co-infection. Despite the efforts made by countries to improve access to antiretroviral traitement (ART), TB remains a major problem among people living with HIV. The Lingwala Health Zone in the provincial city of Kinshasa recorded a large number of cases of HIV/TB co-infection during the study period. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection among PLHIV on ART in the Lingwala health zone (HZ) in Kinshasa. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in the state-run HIV care facilities in the Lingwala health district among PLHIV who had visited the health facilities during the period 2021-2023. Cases were coinfected patients and controls were PLHIV who had not developed tuberculosis during the study period. Results: A total of 281 PLHIV were enrolled in the study, with 70 cases and 211 controls. Factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection after multivariate analysis were viral load (OR = 5.34;95% CI;1.8-15.8, p = 0.005). History of tuberculosis (OR = 20.84;95% CI;8.6-50.3, p -85.0, p = 0.005) and BMI Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the detection of these enumerated factors should prompt providers to actively search for tuberculosis with a view to organising early management.

关键词： PLHIV on ART HIV/TB Co-Infection Viral Load Antiretroviral (ARV) Adherence

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Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils from Diguel and Koudalwa Tchad,and Phytoremediation Potentials of Acasia and Kinkeliba Plants in Removing Cr and Cu from These Soils

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2024年第5期13卷 165-177页

作者： Dieudonne Caleb Dahaina jean claude Doumnang Mbaigane Bobet Ouanmini Cornelius Tsamo Department of Chemistry Faculty of Exact and Applied SciencesUniversity of N’DjamenaBP 1027N’DjamenaChad Laboratoire de Géologie Géomorphologie et TélédétectionFacultédes Sciences Exactes et AppliquéesUniversitéde N’DjaménaBP 1027N’DjamenaChad Laboratoire de Chimie Ecole Normale Supérieure de BongorBP 13BongorTchad Department of Chemistry Higher Teachers’Training CollegeUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 55 MarouaCameroon Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering College of TechnologyUniversity of BamendaP.O.BOX 39BambiliCameroon

The aim of this study to investigate the physico-chemical properties of soils from Diguel and Koudalwa Tchad,and phytoremediation potentials of acasia and kinkeliba plants in removing Cr and Cu from these *** was sampled from the tannery plant in Diguel and agricultural land around crude oil activities in *** were characterized by the following properties:pH,(Electrical Conductivity),TDS(Total Dissolved Solids),salinity,bulk density,OM(Organic Matter),nitrate,phosphate,clay,silt,sand,and textural *** acasia and kinkeliba plants were used to decontaminate Cu and Cr from sample soils for 30 days *** bulk density of all the soil samples from Kouldawa was higher compared to Diguil,ranging from 1.421 to 1.64 g/cm^(3)compared to 1.21 to 1.51 g/cm^(3)for *** of the soils in Kouldawa are mineral soils,while those of Diguel are mostly mineral soil with some *** soils are richer in nitrate(577.9 to 2,687.32 mg/kg in Diguel and 33.64 to 197.64 mg/kg in Kouldawa)and phosphate than soils from *** from the studied areas are not saline except for a subsurface soil in Diguel(salinity,4.21;EC,4.280 dS/m;TDS,3,040 mg/L).The highest amount of Cr and Cu removed by acasia is 78%and 53.12%compared to 73.8%and 52.21%by *** soil can be very suitable for agriculture and Kouldawa soils for *** and kinkeliba can be effectively used to decontaminate the studied soils from heavy metal pollution.

关键词： Soil physico-chemical properties phytoremediation heavy metals Tchad.

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Hydrochemical Characterisation and Assessment of the Level of Contamination of Groundwater Collected by Private Waterworks in the Town of Moundou in the South of Chad

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 13-32页

作者： Prosper Doumtoudjinodji Elegbede Manou Bernadin jean claude Doumnang Mbaigane Nguérassem Djoueingue Urbain Agnichola Akilou Socohou Amadou Water and Environment Sciences and Techniques Laboratory National Water Institute (INE) University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Geology Geomorphology and Remote Sensing Laboratory University of N’Djaména N’Djamena Chad Applied Hydrology Laboratory National Water Institute (INE) University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Groundwater is the main source of drinking water for large cities in most African countries. In Moundou, for example, the conventional groundwater supply system is failing. To compensate for this state failure, the population is building boreholes and wells, most of which tap the surface water table, generally referred to as the “water table”. The aim of this study is to characterize these waters in order to assess their level of contamination and, by extension, the degree of pollution of the water table. Major elements such as: Chloride (Cl-), Sulfate (SO42-), Nitrate (NO3-), Calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) were analysed by Liquid Chromatography and the Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) was determined by the titrimetric method. The methodology applied is based on a combination of hydrochemical techniques and statistical analysis (PCA and CHA). A sampling campaign was carried out during high-water periods. The results of the physico-chemical analyses show mineralization ranging from 7.29 to 3670 μS/cm, with an average of 487.44 μS/cm. The groundwater studied is generally acidic, with a pH ranging from 3.26 to 6.41. Based on their anions, they are classified into four main hydrochemical facies: chloride and sulphate facies, calcium and magnesium facies, sodium and potassium facies and bicarbonate facies. The various correlations between major ions and statistical analyses have enabled us to identify three hydrogeochemical processes involved in water mineralization. The dominant process is silicate hydrolysis, followed by cation exchange, then anthropogenic input, which influences mineralization by polluting the water.

关键词： Drinking Water Groundwater Chemical Pollution Moundou Chad

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