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Evaluation of Rainfall Tendency for the Twentieth Century over Indira Sagar Region in Central India

American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第1期13卷 47-68页

作者： Rituraj Shukla Deepak Khare Ramesh P. Rudra Priti tiwari Himanshu Sharma Prasad Daggupati Pradeep Goel School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Canada Department of Water Resources Development and Management Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India Indira Gandhi Agricultural University Raipur India Department of Civil Engineering Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management (IITRAM) Ahmedabad India

The study investigates long-term changes in annual and seasonal rainfall patterns in the Indira Sagar Region of Madhya Pradesh, India, from 1901 to 2010. Agriculture sustainability, food supply, natural resource development, and hydropower system reliability in the region rely heavily on monsoon rainfall. Monthly rainfall data from three stations (East Nimar, Barwani, and West Nimar) were analyzed. Initially, the pre-whitening method was applied to eliminate serial correlation effects from the rainfall data series. Subsequently, statistical trends in annual and seasonal rainfall were assessed using both parametric (student-t test) and non-parametric tests [Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope estimator, and Cumulative Sum (CUSUM)]. The magnitude of the rainfall trend was determined using Theil-Sen’s slope estimator. Spatial analysis of the Mann-Kendall test on an annual basis revealed a statistically insignificant decreasing trend for Barwani and East Nimar and an increasing trend for West Nimar. On a seasonal basis, the monsoon season contributes a significant percentage (88.33%) to the total annual rainfall. The CUSUM test results indicated a shift change detection in annual rainfall data for Barwani in 1997, while shifts were observed in West and East Nimar stations in 1929. These findings offer valuable insights into regional rainfall behavior, aiding in the planning and management of water resources and ecological systems.

关键词： Precipitation Parametric Non-Parametric Tests Trend Analysis Serial Correlations

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Role of fecal microbiota transplant in management of hepatic encephalopathy: Current trends and future directions

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 17-32页

作者： Yash R Shah Hassam Ali Angad tiwari David Guevara-Lazo Natalia Nombera-Aznaran Bhanu Siva Mohan Pinnam Manesh Kumar Gangwani Harishankar Gopakumar Amir H Sohail SriLakshmiDevi Kanumilli Ernesto Calderon-Martinez Geetha Krishnamoorthy Nimish Thakral Dushyant Singh Dahiya Department of Internal Medicine Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State UniversityPontiacMI 48341United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Department of Internal Medicine Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical CollegeJhansi 284001India Faculty of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 15102Peru Department of Internal Medicine John H.Stroger Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Internal Medicine The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Illinois College of Medicine at PeoriaPeoriaIL 61605United States Department of Surgery University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Department of Internal Medicine GSL Medical CollegeRajamahendravaram 533296India Department of Internal Medicine Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad De Mexico 04510Mexico Department of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)offers a potential treatment avenue for hepatic encephalopathy(HE)by leveraging beneficial bacterial displacement to restore a balanced gut *** prevalence of HE varies with liver disease severity and *** pathogenesis involves ammonia toxicity,gut-brain communication disruption,and *** aims to restore gut microbiota balance,addressing these ***'s efficacy has been explored in various conditions,including *** suggest that FMT can modulate gut microbiota,reduce ammonia levels,and alleviate *** has shown promise in alcohol-associated,hepatitis B and C-associated,and non-alcoholic fatty liver *** include improved liver function,cognitive function,and the slowing of disease ***,larger,controlled studies are needed to validate its effectiveness in these *** have shown cognitive improvements through FMT,with potential benefits in cirrhotic ***,trials have demonstrated reduced serious adverse events and cognitive enhancements in FMT arms compared to the standard of *** evidence is promising,challenges remain:Limited patient numbers,varied dosages,administration routes,and donor *** large-scale,controlled trials are essential to establish standardized guidelines and ensure FMT's clinical applications and *** FMT holds potential for HE management,ongoing research is needed to address these challenges,optimize protocols,and expand its availability as a therapeutic option for diverse hepatic conditions.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Fecal microbiota transplant Cognitive impairment Liver cirrhosis Chronic liver disease

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Implications of Elevated Serum Cortisol in the Onset of Postoperative Delirium Following Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Insights from a Bangladesh-Based Single Center Experience

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第4期14卷 252-267页

作者： Vivek Kumar Jha Md Abir Tazim Chowdhury Munama Magdum Manoj tiwari Md Abul Bashar Maruf Md Saiful Islam Khan Priyanka Sinha Rajesh Naryan Kapar Md. Rezwanul Hoque Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Nepal Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Preventive and Social Medicine National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Thoracic Surgery BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur Nepal Department of Cardiac Surgery United Hospital Limited Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Microbiology Kathmandu Medical College Kathmandu Nepal Department of Nephrology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), delirium emerges as a prevalent complication. This study aimed to assess the correlation between elevated serum cortisol levels and the occurrence of postoperative delirium subsequent to off-pump CABG. Methods: Conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery at BSMMU from October 2020 to September 2022, this comparative cross-sectional study included a total of 44 participants. Subjects, meeting specific criteria, were purposefully assigned to two groups based on off-pump CABG. Group A (n = 22) consisted of patients with normal serum cortisol levels, while Group B (n = 22) comprised individuals with high serum cortisol levels on the first postoperative day. Delirium onset was assessed at the bedside in the ICU on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th postoperative days using standard tools, namely the Richmond Agitation Sedation score (RASS) and The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM-ICU). Data were collected based on the presence or absence of delirium. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS version 26.0, employing an independent Student’s t-test for continuous data and chi-square and Fischer’s exact test for categorical data. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Group-A had a mean age of 54.50 ± 17.97, and Group-B had a mean age of 55.22 ± 15.45, both with a male predominance (81.81% and 86.36% respectively). The mean serum cortisol level was significantly higher in Group B (829.71 ± vs. 389.98 ± 68.77). Postoperative delirium occurred in 27.3% of Group B patients, statistically significant compared to the 4.5% in Group A. However, patients in Group B who developed delirium experienced significantly longer postoperative ICU and hospital stays (79.29 ± 12.27 vs. 11.44 ± 2.85, p ≤ 0.05). There was one mortality in Group B, which was statistically not significant. Conclusion: This study observed a significant association between elevated serum cortisol levels in the postoperative period a

关键词： Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Serum Cortisol Postoperative Delirium Bangladesh

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Reliability assessment of deep excavations in spatially random cohesion weakening friction strengthening massive rocks:Application to nuclear repositories

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Underground Space 2023年第6期13卷 48-73页

作者： Akshay Kumar Gaurav tiwari Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpurUttar Pradesh 208016India

An augmented methodology is developed to estimate the reliability of deep excavations along spatially variable massive rock masses using the cohesion weakening friction strengthening(CWFS)*** parameters of the CWFS model were initially identified using Sobol’s global sensitivity analysis based on their influence on the displacements and excavation damage zone around *** probability of failure was estimated by performing Mont–Carlo Simulations on random finite difference models of excavations generated via MATLAB-FLAC2D coupling,considering the spatial variation of these sensitive *** variation was modeled by generating anisotropic random fields of sensitive CWFS parameters via the recently developed Fourier series method and updated correlations suggested by Walton(2019).The proposed methodology was demonstrated for a proposed deep nuclear waste repository to be located in *** from the developed methodology were systematically compared with those of traditional reliability(ignoring spatial variation)and deterministic methods(ignoring uncertainty).Although the developed methodology was computationally complex,it was judged to be the most realistic due to the realistic consideration of heterogeneous distributions of rock *** methodologies underestimate/overestimate the excavation performance due to negligence of uncertainty and spatial ***,a parametric analysis was performed using developed methodology by varying the initial friction angle,scale of fluctuations(SOFs)and dilation *** effect of initial friction angle was observed to be more pronounced on the probability of failures as compared to SOFs and dilation *** observations were made related to the excavation damage zone(EDZ)development quantified using yield area ratio.

关键词： Deep excavations Brittle failures CWFS model Sobol’s sensitivity Moving least square response surface Fourier series random field

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Climatology, trend of aerosol-cloud parameters and their correlation over the Northern Indian Ocean

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 173-186页

作者： Harshbardhan Kumar Shani tiwari Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad201002India Aerosol and Cloud Research Lab Geological Oceanography DivisionCSIR–National Institute of OceanographyGoa403004India

Aerosols are one of the important atmospheric constituents and exert indirect impact on climate through the modification of microphysical and radiative properties of clouds that in turn perturb the precipitation ***,the long term quantification of changes in aerosol and cloud characteristics and their interactions on both temporal as well as spatial scale will provide a crucial information for the better assessment of future climate *** present study,18 years(2003-2020)MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer(MODIS)derived aerosol-cloud dataset over the Northern Indian Ocean(NIO)were analysed to assess climatology and trend of aerosol,cloud characteristics and their *** found a strong heterogeneity in spatio-temporal variation of aerosol and cloud parameters over the NIO that are more prominent for the coastal *** climatological mean of aerosol loading is found high(AOD≥0.5)over the outflow region along the Indian sub-continent and low(AOD≤0.2)over the northern equatorial open *** climatological mean of cloud properties shows dominance of optically thicker deep convective(CTP700 hPa and CTT>273 K)over the northwestern Arabian Sea(AS).Similarly,bigger effective radii(>17µm)observed along the equatorial open ocean whereas smaller CER(0.

关键词： Aerosol Cloud properties Northern Indian Ocean Climatology Trend Correlation

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Jackknife based generalized resampling reliability approach for rock slopes and tunnels stability analyses with limited data:Theory and applications

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第3期14卷 714-730页

作者： Akshay Kumar Gaurav tiwari Department of Civil Engineering IIT KanpurIndia

An efficient resampling reliability approach was developed to consider the effect of statistical uncertainties in input properties arising due to insufficient data when estimating the reliability of rock slopes and *** approach considers the effect of uncertainties in both distribution parameters(mean and standard deviation)and types of input ***,the approach was generalized to make it capable of analyzing complex problems with explicit/implicit performance functions(PFs),single/multiple PFs,and correlated/non-correlated input *** couples resampling statistical tool,***,with advanced reliability tools like Latin hypercube sampling(LHS),Sobol’s global sensitivity,moving least square-response surface method(MLS-RSM),and Nataf’s *** developed approach was demonstrated for four cases encompassing different *** were compared with a recently developed bootstrap-based resampling reliability *** results show that the approach is accurate and significantly efficient compared with the bootstrap-based *** proposed approach reflects the effect of statistical uncertainties of input properties by estimating distributions/confidence intervals of reliability index/probability of failure(s)instead of their fixed-point ***,sufficiently accurate results were obtained by considering uncertainties in distribution parameters only and ignoring those in distribution types.

关键词： Statistical uncertainty Resampling reliability Moving least square response surface(MLSRSM) Sobol’s global sensitivity Correlation coefficient

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Analyzing geomorphological and topographical controls for the heterogeneous glacier mass balance in the Sikkim Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第7期20卷 1854-1864页

作者： GUHA Supratim tiwari Reet Kamal Geomatics Engineering Laboratory Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology RoparPunjab-140001India

Glacier response patterns at the catchment scale are highly heterogeneous and defined by a complex interplay of various dynamics and surface *** studies have explained heterogeneous responses in qualitative ways but quantitative assessment is lacking yet where an intrazone homogeneous climate assumption can be ***,in the current study,the reason for heterogeneous mass balance has been explained in quantitative methods using a multiple linear regression model in the Sikkim Himalayan *** first,the topographical parameters are selected from previously published studies,then the most significant topographical and geomorphological parameters are selected with backward stepwise subset selection ***,the contributions of selected parameters are calculated by least square *** results show that,the magnitude of mass balance lies between-0.003±0.24 to-1.029±0.24 m.w.e.a^(-1) between 2000 and 2020 in the Sikkim Himalaya ***,the study shows that,out of the terminus type of the glacier,glacier area,debris cover,ice-mixed debris,slope,aspect,mean elevation,and snout elevation of the glaciers,only the terminus type and mean elevation of the glacier are significantly altering the glacier mass balance in the Sikkim Himalayan ***,the mass loss is approximately 0.40 m.w.e.a^(-1) higher in the lake-terminating glaciers compared to the land-terminating glaciers in the same elevation *** the other hand,a thousand meters mean elevation drop is associated with 0.179 m.w.e.a-1of mass loss despite the terminus type of the *** the current study,the model using the terminus type of the glaciers and the mean elevation of the glaciers explains 76% of fluctuation of mass balance in the Sikkim Himalayan region.

关键词： Glacier mass balance Glacier terminus Topographical parameter Sikkim Himalaya Multiple linear regression model

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Exploring the Role of Serum Cystatin C in Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury among On-Pump Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Single-Center Investigation in Bangladesh

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第6期14卷 363-373页

作者： Md. Ahaduzzaman Md. Abir Tazim Chowdhury Munama Magdum Md. Saiful Islam Khan Satyajit Sharma Monoj tiwari Md. Abul Bashar Maruf Md. Alauddin Omar Sadeque Khan Md. Mostafizur Rahman Mirza Md. Nazmus Saquib Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Preventive and Social Medicine National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia Evercare Hospital Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery National Heart Foundation Hospital & Research Institute Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital Bharatpur Chitwan Nepal Department of Cardiac Surgery United Hospital Limited Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Cardiac Surgery Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) stands as a prominent postoperative complication in on-pump cardiac surgery, with repercussions on morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization duration. Current diagnostic criteria relying on serum creatinine levels exhibit a delayed identification of AKI, prompting an exploration of alternative biomarkers. Aims and Objectives: This study is designed to overcome diagnostic constraints and explore the viability of serum Cystatin C as an early predictor of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in individuals undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery. The investigation aims to establish the relationship between serum Cystatin C levels and the onset of AKI in patients subjected to on-pump cardiac surgery. Primary objectives involve the assessment of the diagnostic effectiveness of serum Cystatin C, its comparison with serum creatinine, and the exploration of its potential for the early identification and treatment of AKI. Methodology: Conducted as a single-center study at the cardiac surgery department of BSMMU in Bangladesh from September 2020 to August 2022, a comparative cross-sectional analysis involved 31 participants categorized into No AKI and AKI groups based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Data collection encompassed preoperative, post-CBP (cardiopulmonary bypass) conclusion at 2 hours, postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 2 intervals. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared tests, independent Student’s t-tests, and one-sample t-tests. Significance was set at P Results: The study revealed no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the No AKI and AKI groups, except for CPB time and cross-clamp time. Serum Cystatin C levels in the AKI group exhibited statistical significance at various time points, highlighting its potential as an early detector. Conversely, Serum Creatinine levels in the AKI group showed no statistical significance. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analy

关键词： Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) On-Pump Cardiac Surgery Serum Cystatin C Serum Creatinine Diagnostic Biomarkers Early Detection Cardiopulmonary Bypass Single-Center Study Bangladesh

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Masked Face Recognition Using MobileNet V2 with Transfer Learning

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第4期45卷 293-309页

作者： Ratnesh Kumar Shukla Arvind Kumar tiwari Department of Computer Science&Engineering Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam Technical UniversityLucknow226021India Department of Computer Science&Engineering KNITSultanpur228118Uttar PradeshIndia

Corona virus(COVID-19)is once in a life time calamity that has resulted in thousands of deaths and security *** are using face masks on a regular basis to protect themselves and to help reduce corona virus *** the on-going coronavirus outbreak,one of the major priorities for researchers is to discover effective *** important parts of the face are obscured,face identification and verification becomes exceedingly *** suggested method is a transfer learning using MobileNet V2 based technology that uses deep feature such as feature extraction and deep learning model,to identify the problem of face masked *** the first stage,we are applying face mask detector to identify the face ***,the proposed approach is applying to the datasets from Canadian Institute for Advanced Research10(CIFAR10),Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology Database(MNIST),Real World Masked Face Recognition Database(RMFRD),and Stimulated Masked Face Recognition Database(SMFRD).The proposed model is achieving recognition accuracy 99.82%with proposed *** article employs the four pre-programmed models VGG16,VGG19,ResNet50 and *** extract the deep features of faces with VGG16 is achieving 99.30%accuracy,VGG19 is achieving 99.54%accuracy,ResNet50 is achieving 78.70%accuracy and ResNet101 is achieving 98.64%accuracy with own *** comparative analysis shows,that our proposed model performs better result in all four previous existing *** fundamental contribution of this study is to monitor with face mask and without face mask to decreases the pace of corona virus and to detect persons using wearing face masks.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) deep learning face recognition system COVID-19 dataset and machine learning based models

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A REMARK ON LARGE TIME ASYMTOTICS FOR SOLUTIONS OF A NONHOMOGENEOUS VISCOUS BURGERS EQUATION

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2023年第3期43卷 1323-1332页

作者： Manas Ranjan SAHOO Satyanarayana ENGU Smriti tiwari School of Mathematical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and ResearchAn OCC of Homi Bhabha National InstituteBhubaneswarKhurdaOdishaP.O.Jatni752050India Department of Mathematics National Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana506004India

The existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions to the Cauchy problem posed for a nonhomogeneous viscous Burger's equation were shown in Chung, Kim and Slemrod [1] by assuming suitable conditions on initial data. Moreover, they derived the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the Cauchy problem by imposing additional conditions on initial data. In this article, we obtain the same asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the Cauchy problem without imposing additional condition on initial data.

关键词： modified Bessel functions integral equation large time asymptotics convolution of functions

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