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Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 150-158页

作者： Kun Li Jun Zhang David M.Bell Tiantian Wang houssni Lamkaddam Tianqu Cui Lu Qi Mihnea Surdu Dongyu Wang Lin Du Imad El haddad jay G.Slowik Andre S.h.Prevot Environment Research Institute Shandong University Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds(VOCs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to SOA formation has not been directly observed. here, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find that IVOCs can contribute ～70% of the formed SOA, i.e.>2 times more than VOCs. This previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to the high wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOCs in smog chambers. The finding in this study reveals that SOA production from biomass burning is much higher than previously thought, and highlights the urgent need for more research on the IVOCs from biomass burning and potentially other emission sources.

关键词： atmospheric chemistry biomass burning secondary organic aerosol intermediate volatility organic compounds

Message from the Guest Editors of the Special Issue on Precise Orbit Determination

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Astrodynamics 2024年第3期8卷 323-323页

作者： Xiyun hou jay W.McMahon School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina Ann and h.J.Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences the University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColorado 80309USA

Dear authors and readers,Orbit determination is an old topic in celestial mechanics and *** originates from the need to determine the position and speed of natural or artificial objects in space through ground-station measurements,along with the need to estimate parameters involved in dynamics and *** has been the key to many important space applications.

关键词： dynamics. observations. Orbit

honey vesicle-like nanoparticles protect aged liver from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第8期14卷 3661-3679页

作者： Baolong Liu Phuong Linh Nguyen han Yu Xingzhi Li huiren Wang Tram Gia Bao Nguyen Prakash Kumar Sahoo Meghna Sur jay Reddy Sarah Sillman Stephen D.Kachman Bara Altartouri Guoqing Lu Sathish Kumar Natarajan Mahesh Pattabiraman Jiujiu Yu Department of Nutrition and health Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Department of Nutrition Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Department of Statistics University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Center for Biotechnology University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA Department of Biology University of Nebraska OmahaOmahaNE 68182USA Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-KearneyKearneyNE 68849USA

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASh),an advanced form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),has emerged as the leading cause of liver failure and related ***,no medication is specifically approved to treat NAFLD or *** we report that oral administration of honey vesiclelike nanoparticles(h-VLNs)to naturally aged mice protects the liver from NASh development.h-VLNs are dominantly taken up by Kupffer cells in the liver and suppress hepatic chronic inflammation and further development of fibrosis and nodule formation in aged *** their reported antiinflammasome function,h-VLNs are found to inhibit the transcriptional activities of C-JUN and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB).MicroRNAs miR5119 and miR5108 and phenolic compound luteolin in h-VLNs are identified in suppressing both the C-JUN and NF-kB ***,oral intake of h-VLNs represents a promising new user-friendly modality to prevent the development of NASh.

关键词： honey Extracellular vesicles Exosomes Nanoparticles microRNAs Aging Inflammation Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease in the intensive care unit

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2022年第1期11卷 22-32页

作者： Antonios Charokopos Teng Moua jay h.ryu Nathan J Smischney Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Division of Critical Care MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

Acute exacerbations of interstitial lung disease(AE-ILD)represent an acute,frequent and often highly morbid event in the disease course of ILD *** in the intensive care unit(ICU)is very common and the need for mechanical ventilation arises *** non-invasive ventilation has shown promise in staving off intubation in selected patients,it is unclear whether mechanical ventilation can alter the exacerbation course unless it is a bridge to lung *** stratification using clinical and radiographic findings,and early palliative care involvement,are important in ICU *** this review,we discuss many of the pathophysiological aspects of AE-ILD and raise the hypothesis that ventilation strategies used in acute respiratory distress syndrome might be implemented in *** present possible decision-making and management algorithms that can be used by the intensivist when caring for these patients.

关键词： Interstitial lung diseases Disease exacerbation Mechanical ventilation Intensive care unit Pathophysiological aspect

Evidence-based pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis:A causal role for colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第31期28卷 4263-4298页

作者： jay Pravda Disease Pathogenesis Inflammatory Disease Research CentrePalm Beach GardensFL 33410United States

In this comprehensive evidence-based analysis of ulcerative colitis(UC),a causal role is identified for colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide(h_(2)O_(2))in both the pathogenesis and relapse of this debilitating inflammatory bowel *** have shown that h_(2)O_(2) production is significantly increased in the non-inflamed colonic epithelium of individuals with UC.h_(2)O_(2) is a powerful neutrophilic chemo-tactic agent that can diffuse through colonic epithelial cell membranes creating an interstitial chemotactic molecular“trail”that attracts adjacent intra-vascular neutrophils into the colonic epithelium leading to mucosal inflammation and UC.A novel therapy aimed at removing the inappropriate h_(2)O_(2) mediated chemotactic signal has been highly effective in achieving complete histologic resolution of colitis in patients experiencing refractory disease with at least one(biopsy-proven)histologic remission lasting 14 years to *** evidence implies that therapeutic intervention to prevent the re-establishment of a pathologic h_(2)O_(2) mediated chemotactic signaling gradient will indefinitely preclude neutrophilic migration into the colonic epithelium constituting a functional cure for this *** data indicate that individuals with UC have normal immune systems and current treatment guidelines calling for the suppression of the immune response based on the belief that UC is caused by an underlying immune dysfunction are not supported by the evidence and may cause serious adverse *** is the aim of this paper to present experimental and clinical evidence that identifies h_(2)O_(2) produced by the colonic epithelium as the causal agent in the pathogenesis of UC.A detailed explanation of a novel therapeutic intervention to normalize colonic h_(2)O_(2),its rationale,components,and formulation is also provided.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Pathogenesis,Treatment hydrogen peroxide

Vibration-controlled Transient Elastography for Assessment of Liver Fibrosis at a USA Academic Medical Center

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Journal of Clinical and Translational hepatology 2022年第2期10卷 197-206页

作者： Max Shen Anna Lee jay h.Lefkowitch howard J.Worman Department of Medicine Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Background and Aims:Vibration-controlled transient elastography(VCTE)is a noninvasive tool that uses liver stiffness measurement(LSM)to assess *** real-life data during everyday clinical practice in the USA are lacking,we describe the patterns of use and diagnostic performance of VCTE in patients at an academic medical center in New York ***:Patients who received VCTE scans were included if liver biopsy was performed within 1 *** performance of VCTE in differentiating dichotomized fibrosis stages was assessed via area under the receiver operating characteristics(AUROC).Fibrosis stage determined from VCTE LSM was compared to liver ***:Of 109 patients,49 had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,16 chronic hepatitis C,15 congestive hepatopathy,and 22 at least two *** was 0.90 for differentiating cirrhosis(stage 4)with a positive predictive value(PPV)range of 0.28 to 0.45 and negative predictive value range of 0.96 to *** 31(32%)patients,VCTE fibrosis stage was at least two stages higher than liver biopsy fibrosis *** of thirty-five pa-tients considered to have cirrhosis by VCTE had stage 0 to 2 and 12 stage 3 fibrosis on liver ***:VCTE has reasonable diagnostic accuracy and is reliable at ruling out ***,because of its low PPV,caution must be exercised when used to diagnose cirrhosis,as misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary health care *** routine practice,VTCE is also sometimes performed for disease etiologies for which it has not been robustly validated.

关键词： Chronic liver disease Cirrhosis hepatitis Liver histopathology Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Optimal postoperative surveillance strategies for stage III colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第9期13卷 1012-1024页

作者： Min Young Park In Ja Park hyo Seon ryu jay Jung Minsung Kim Seok-Byung Lim Chang Sik Yu Jin Cheon Kim Colon and Rectal Surgery Asan Medical CenterSeoul 05505South Korea Colon and Rectal Surgery Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul 05505South Korea

BACKGROUND Optimal surveillance strategies for stage III colorectal cancer(CRC)are lacking,and intensive surveillance has not conferred a significant survival *** To examine the association between surveillance intensity and recurrence and survival rates in patients with stage III *** Data from patients with pathologic stage III CRC who underwent radical surgery between January 2005 and December 2012 at Asan Medical Center,Seoul,Korea were retrospectively *** consisted of abdominopelvic computed tomography(CT)every 6 mo and chest CT annually during the 5 year follow-up period,resulting in an average of three imaging studies per *** who underwent more than the average number of imaging studies annually were categorized as high intensity(hI),and those with less than the average were categorized as low intensity(LI).RESULTS Among 1888 patients,864(45.8%)were in hI ***,sex,and location were not different between *** group had more advanced T and N stage(P=0.002,0.010,each).Perineural invasion(PNI)was more identified in the hI group(21.4%vs 30.3%,Phe mean overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free interval(RFI)was longer in the LI group(Ph).Multivariate analysis indicated that surveillance intensity[odds ratio(OR)=1.999;95%confidence interval(CI):1.680–2.377;Phologic T stage(OR=1.596;95%CI:1.197–2.127;P=0.001),PNI(OR=1.431;95%CI:1.192–1.719;Ph *** mean post-recurrence survival(PRS)was longer in patients who received curative resection(PhI(29.3%)and LI(23.8%)groups(P=0.160).PRS did not differ according to surveillance intensity(P=0.802).CONCLUSION Frequent surveillance with CT scan do not improve OS in stage III CRC *** need to evaluate role of other surveillance method rather tha

关键词： Colorectal cancer Surveillance intensity Survival Recurrence

Optimisation of zeolite LTA synthesis from alum sludge and the influence of the sludge source

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 130-142页

作者： Alexandra Rozhkovskaya jay Rajapakse Graeme J.Millar School of Civil and Enuironmental Engineering Science and Engineering FacultyQueensland University oTechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4000Australia Institute for Future Environments and School of Mechanical Medical and Process EngineeringQueensland Uniuersity of TechnologyBrisbaneQueensland 4000Australia

Generation of alum sludge(AS)at drinking water treatment plants represents an environmental liability and adds to the cost of water ***,this study explored the feasibility of using low and high carbon containing alum sludge from two water treatment plants to synthesize zeolite *** hypothesis was that zeolite LTA synthesis was dependant upon alum sludge source and that a range of strategies may be required to optimize zeolite *** characteristics such as morphology,phase composition,crystallinity,and particle size distribution were recorded."One pot"hydrothermal synthesis of precursor gel with molar composition 4.2 Na2O:Al2O3:1.2 SiO_(2):168 h2O at 80℃ for 3 hr resulted in 25 and 46 wt.%zeolite LTA from high and low carbonaceous sludge,*** to hydrothermal reaction stage it was discovered that ageing of the gel,addition of zeolite LTA seeds,ultrasonic treatment and calcination all promoted zeolite LTA *** of the alum sludge at 700℃ for 2 hr before hydrothermal synthesis resulted in particle size reduction and the highest amount of crystalline zeolite LTA:79 wt.%from low carbon sludge and 65 wt.%from high carbon ***,the zeolite crystallinity reported in this study was the higher than previous studies on this *** outlined approach may allow value adding of alum waste and produce a commodity which could be used locally by the water treatment plant as a water softener.

关键词： Alum sludge Zeolite LTA Ultrasonic Ageing Waste conversion

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Effect of struvite and organic acids on immobilization of copper and zinc in contaminated bio-retention filter media

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第11期32卷 35-44页

作者： Chathurani Moragaspitiya jay Rajapakse Graeme J.Millar Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology(QUT)Queensland 4000Australia

Few studies have been carried out to connect nutrient recovery as struvite from wastewater and sustainable utilization of the recovered struvite for copper and zinc immobilization in contaminated *** study revealed the effect of struvite on Cu and Zn immobilization in contaminated bio-retention soil in the presence of commonly exuded plant organic *** research hypothesis was that the presence of both struvite and organic acids may influence the immobilization of Cu and Zn in *** outcome of this research confirmed that more than 99%of Cu and Zn was immobilized in bio-retention filter media by struvite ***-soluble Cu and Zn concentrations of struvite treated soil were less than 1.83 and 0.86 mg/kg respectively,and these concentrations were significantly lower compared to the total Cu and Zn content of 747.05 mg/kg in the contaminated *** of struvite to Cu-and Zn-contaminated soil resulted in formation of compounds similar to zinc phosphate tetrahydrate(Zn3(PO4)2·4h2O)and amorphous Cu and Zn *** was effective in heavy metal remediation in acidic soil regardless of the presence of Ca impurities in struvite and the presence of plant organic acids in ***,this study revealed that struvite recovered from wastewater treatment plants has potential for use as an amendment for heavy metal remediation in contaminated bio-retention soil.

关键词： Immobilization Struvite Organic acids heavy metal Contaminated soil Bio-retention

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