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Sustainable bio-energy generation via the conversion of spent wash using dual chamber microbial fuel cell

Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第2期6卷 219-231页

作者： Abdul Sattar Jatoi jawad ahmed Afaque ahmed Bhutto Muhammad Shuaib Shaikh Department of Chemical Engineering Dawood University of Engineering and Technology KarachiSindhPakistan Changzhou DUBO Polymer Co. Ltd.Changzhou 213002China Department of Basic Science and Related Studies The University of LarkanoSindhPakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and Technology JamshoroSindhPakistan

Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are innovative devices that combine microbial processes with electrochemical reactions to convert organic matter in wastewater into electricity while simultaneously treating the *** such application is the treatment of spent wash,a highly polluting effluent generated from the distillery industry after crude mesh is separated into ethanol and spent *** wash,also known as distillery effluent or stillage,is a highly challenging wastewater treatment method due to its high chemical oxygen demand(COD),biological oxygen demand(BOD),and total dissolved solids(TDS).These characteristics make it a complex and polluting industrial effluent that requires specialized treatment processes to reduce its environmental impact ***,MFCs have shown promise in treating spent wash,as they can utilize the organic matter in wastewater as a fuel source for microbial growth as well as for electricity *** the treatment of spent wash,Saccharomyces cerevisiae *** used as a biocatalyst along with 340 mol/L potassium ferricyanide in the cathode chamber and 170 mol/L methylene blue in the anode as a *** tests were conducted by balancing a one-liter volume for power production from spent wash in MFC with the optimal conditions of 10%agarose,pH 8.5,300 mL/min of aeration in the cathode chamber,and 40%(in weight)substrate *** an ideal concentration,the maximum current and power density are roughly 53.41 mA/m^(2)and 72.22 mW/m^(2),*** each litre of processed spent wash,a maximum voltage of 850 mV(4.5 mA)was ***,91%of COD and BOD were removed from the effluent *** findings show that MFCs are capable of producing electricity and efficiently removing COD from wasted wash at the same time.

关键词： Microbial fuel cell Chemical oxygen demand Biological oxygen demand-Current density Power density Spent wash

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Proactive Load Balancing Mechanism for Fog Computing Supported by Parked Vehicles in IoV-SDN

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China Communications 2021年第2期18卷 271-289页

作者： ahmed jawad Kadhim Jaber Ibrahim Naser Ministry of Education General Directorate for Education in Al-QadisiyahAl-Qadisiyah 58002Iraq

Internet of Vehicles(IoV)is a new style of vehicular ad hoc network that is used to connect the sensors of each vehicle with each other and with other vehicles’sensors through the *** sensors generate different tasks that should be analyzed and processed in some given period of *** send the tasks to the cloud servers but these sending operations increase bandwidth consumption and *** computing is a simple cloud at the network edge that is used to process the jobs in a short period of time instead of sending them to cloud computing *** some situations,fog computing cannot execute some tasks due to lack of ***,in these situations it transfers them to cloud computing that leads to an increase in latency and bandwidth occupation ***,several fog servers may be fuelled while other servers are *** implies an unfair distribution of *** this research study,we shall merge the software defined network(SDN)with IoV and fog computing and use the parked vehicle as assistant fog computing *** can improve the capabilities of the fog computing layer and help in decreasing the number of migrated tasks to the cloud *** increases the ratio of time sensitive tasks that meet the *** addition,a new load balancing strategy is *** works proactively to balance the load locally and globally by the local fog managers and SDN controller,*** simulation experiments show that the proposed system is more efficient than VANET-Fog-Cloud and IoV-Fog-Cloud frameworks in terms of average response time and percentage of bandwidth consumption,meeting the deadline,and resource utilization.

关键词： IoV parked vehicles SDN fog computing load balancing

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Anticoagulant use before COVID-19 diagnosis prevent COVID-19 associated acute venous thromboembolism or not:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 141-162页

作者： Kinza Iqbal Akshat Banga Taha Bin Arif Sawai Singh Rathore Abhishek Bhurwal Syeda Kisa Batool Naqvi Muhammad Mehdi Pankaj Kumar Mitali Madhu Salklan Ayman Iqbal jawad ahmed Nikhil Sharma Amos Lal Rahul Kashyap Vikas Bansal Juan Pablo Domecq Department of Internal Medicine Dow Medical CollegeKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Internal Medicine Sawai Man Singh Medical CollegeJaipur 302004India Department of Internal Medicine Dr.Sampurnanand Medical CollegeJodhpur 342003RajasthanIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of MedicineNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States Department of Internal Medicine Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesRohtak 124001HaryanaIndia Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Research Wellspan HealthYorkPA 17403United States

BACKGROUND Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events are associated with poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** is conflicting evidence on the effects of chronic anticoagulation on mortality and severity of COVID-19 *** To summarize the body of evidence on the effects of pre-hospital anticoagulation on outcomes in COVID-19 *** A Literature search was performed on LitCovid PubMed,WHO,and Scopus databases from inception(December 2019)till June 2023 for original studies reporting an association between prior use of anticoagulants and patient outcomes in adults with *** primary outcome was the risk of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients taking *** outcomes included COVID-19 disease severity,in terms of intensive care unit admission or invasive mechanical ventilation/intubation requirement in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection,and *** random effects models were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios(aORs)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).RESULTS Forty-six observational studies met our inclusion *** unadjusted analysis found no association between prior anticoagulation and thromboembolic event risk[n=43851,9 studies,odds ratio(OR)=0.67(0.22,2.07);P=0.49;I2=95%].The association between prior anticoagulation and disease severity was non-significant[n=186782;22 studies,OR=1.08(0.78,1.49);P=0.64;I2=89%].However,pre-hospital anticoagulation significantly increased all-cause mortality risk[n=207292;35 studies,OR=1.72(1.37,2.17);P<0.00001;I2=93%].Pooling adjusted estimates revealed a statistically non-significant association between pre-hospital anticoagulation and thromboembolic event risk[aOR=0.87(0.42,1.80);P=0.71],mortality[aOR=0.94(0.84,1.05);P=0.31],and disease severity[aOR=0.96(0.72,1.26);P=0.76].CONCLUSION Prehospital anticoagulation was not significantly associated with reduced risk of thromboembolic events,improved survival,and lower disease seve

关键词： Prior anticoagulation COVID-19 Prehospital anticoagulation Chronic anticoagulation Mortality Severity Thromboembolic events

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AES Algorithm Using S-Box in GPRS Network

AES Algorithm Using S-Box in GPRS Network

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作者： ahmed jawad Al-Bdairi 湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

GPRS能够提供最高172kbps带宽,实现GSM与互联网或内联网的互联。GPRS利用分组通信技术,用户不固定占用无线信道,因此信道资源能够更合理地被使用,用户访问Internet的同时可以访问GSM通信网络。近年来,很多公司利用GPRS给员工提供全新的... 详细信息

GPRS能够提供最高172kbps带宽,实现GSM与互联网或内联网的互联。GPRS利用分组通信技术,用户不固定占用无线信道,因此信道资源能够更合理地被使用,用户访问Internet的同时可以访问GSM通信网络。近年来,很多公司利用GPRS给员工提供全新的和包容性的VPN技术,以便公司员工直接访问局域网。GPRS技术是介于GSM通信技术和3G通信技术之间,已成为无线通信领域最热门的技术之一。本文简要介绍了GPRS的发展历史,同时也指出了影响GPRS网络基础设施的安全问题。相关研究提到GPRS技术使得传统通信网络和互联网相互连接,因此GPRS用户同样面临着互联网用户数据安全传输的挑战。出于这种原因,Ruiz-Martinez指出,要加强GPRS网络安全机制,如考虑用户认证过程和加密机制。本文提到一种被广泛使用的高级加密算法(AES)。AES算法将S-box作为一个固定的部分,而S-box通常是不变的。动态产生S-box能够增加AES密码系统中加密的强度,因此分析并制定出一种新型的用于动态产生S-Box的算法是研究重点。ETSI提出了GPRS加密算法的相关要求如下：加密密钥长度是64位,密钥在GPRS用户认证和密钥管理过程中生成。密钥可以是私有的也可以被多播通信共享。该算法是一种密钥流生成器也被称为流密码,该生成器的输出被专门的明文覆盖从而产生密文。密钥流生成器将获得密钥Kc,包括一个方向比特位Z(上行／下行)和一个LLC帧。x[n]作为输入信号的一种形式,输入参数的大小为32比特。GPRS加密算法至少能够提供类似于GSM中加密算法所能提供的基线安全,且其有效性至少持续十年。Niemi和Nyberg提出了UMTS加密算法的具体要求如下：算法的有效性必须持续20年以上。当涉及到加密算法的输出能力时,需考虑瓦圣纳协定,且算法必须适合应用在相关硬件和软件。该加密算法须允许数据在双向传输的方式下速率超过2Mbps,且该算法能得到一种同步的流密码。Palazzo表示,很多行业使用了大量的高保真干预技术,其中电信行业最为突出。几十年以来,电信行业经历着激烈的技术变化,我们所关注的是通信领域已经提出的先进技术。纵观这些阐述,对于GPSR的研究主要集中在安全问题上。Androulidakis在相关文章中指出,GPRS在GSM的基础上扩展了移动电话系统的使用范围。这种变化能够使得网络具有更加便捷的数据传输的形式,即在电路交换的基础上引入分组交换和分组传输。实际上,目前很多研究都集中在如何在移动通信网中找到安全传输数据的路径。本文介绍了一种改进的利用密码钥匙动态生成S-box的加密算法,并通过仿真实验得出相应实验结果。本文通过改变S-Boxes的两位密码索引分析该加密算法的性能。S-Box所描述的通用函数从替换表中取得且向表中返回相关的数据。S-Box功能的本质在于其非线性。此外,为了综合评价算法性能,文章对S-Box的不同元素在不同时隙中做了测试,测试结果表明该算法能够获得很多的受保护的密文块,能够解决S-Box中固定结构的问题,且能够提高设备的安全性能。该算法最忧的一个特点是其自身慷慨和动态特性,即它能通过改变密码索引生成许多S—Boxes,因此,该算法适合用于确保GPRS网络中数据的可靠传输。

关键词： GSM GPRS 鉴权安全 AES S-Box

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Quantitative Comparison of Calcium Hydroxide Removal by EndoActivator, Ultrasonic and ProTaper File Agitation Techniques: An in vitro Study

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 2013年第1期33卷 142-145页

作者： Huda Yasir Khaleel ahmed jawad Al-Ashaw 杨焰逄爱慧马净植 Department of Stomatology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Conservative Department College of DentistryMosul University

Calcium hydroxide （CH） dressing residues can compromise endodontic sealing. This study aimed to evaluate the amount of remaining CH in root canals after mechanical removal by four groups of irrigation techniques including needle irrigation only, ProTaper file, EndoActivator, and ultrasonic file. Fifteen extracted single-rooted teeth were collected and used for all four groups. The samples were firstly prepared by ProTaper rotary instruments, and then sectioned longitudinally through the long axis of the root canals, followed by final reassembling by wires. CH was kept in the canals for 7 days setting. The removal procedure began with 5 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite （NaOC1） followed by 1 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and a final irrigation with 5 mL of 2.5% NaOC1 solution for all groups. No additional agitation of the irrigant was performed in group 1, while agitation for 20 s be- tween irrigants was done with F2 ProTaper rotary file in group 2, EndoActivator with tip size 25/.04 in group 3 and by an ultrasonic file 25/.02 in group 4. The total activation time was 60 s. The roots were then disassembled and captured by digital camera. The ratio of CH coated surface area to the surface area of the whole canal as well as each third of the canal was calculated. The data were statistically ana- lyzed by one-way ANOVA using post hoc Tukey test. Results showed that none of the four techniques could remove all CH. No significant difference was found between EndoActivator and ultrasonic tech- niques. However, they both removed significantly more CH than ProTaper and needle irrigation （P=0.0001）. In conclusion, the sonic and ultrasonic agitation techniques were more effective in removing intracanal medicaments than the ProTaper rotary file and needle irrigation in all thirds of the canal.

关键词： calcium hydroxide removal irrigation ProTaper EndoActivator ultrasonic

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Recent advances in the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第2期16卷 186-192页

作者： Taqwa ahmed jawad Ahmad Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States

Drug-induced liver injury(DILI)is a major problem in the United States,commonly leading to hospital *** DILI is difficult as it is a diagnosis of exclusion requiring a temporal relationship between drug exposure and liver injury and a thorough work up for other *** addition,DILI has a very variable clinical and histologic presentation that can mimic many different etiologies of liver *** scoring systems can assess the probability that a drug caused the liver injury but liver biopsy findings are not part of the criteria used in these *** review will address some of the recent updates to the scoring systems and the role of liver biopsy in the diagnosis of DILI.

关键词： Drug induced liver injury Liver biopsy Diagnosis RUCAM RECAM

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Ontology-Based News Linking for Semantic Temporal Queries

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3913-3929页

作者： Muhammad Islam Satti jawad ahmed Hafiz Syed Muhammad Muslim Akber Abid Gardezi Shafiq Ahmad Abdelaty Edrees Sayed Salman Naseer Muhammad Shafiq Faculty of Computing Riphah International UniversityI-14 CampusIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Zabsolutions SZABISTIslamabadPakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad45550Pakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology University of the Punjab Gujranwala CampusGujranwala52250Pakistan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

Daily newspapers publish a tremendous amount of information disseminated through the *** available and easily accessible large online repositories are not indexed and are in an un-processable *** major hindrance in developing and evaluating existing/new monolingual text in an image is that it is not linked and *** is no method to reuse the online news images because of the unavailability of standardized benchmark corpora,especially for South Asian *** corpus is a vital resource for developing and evaluating text in an image to reuse local news systems in general and specifically for the Urdu *** of indexing,primarily semantic indexing of the daily news items,makes news items impracticable for any ***,the most straightforward search facility does not support these unindexed news *** study addresses this gap by associating and marking the newspaper images with one of the widely spoken but under-resourced languages,i.e.,*** present work proposed a method to build a benchmark corpus of news in image form by introducing a web *** corpus is then semantically linked and annotated with daily news *** techniques are proposed for image annotation,free annotation and fixed cross examination *** second technique got higher *** news ontology in protégéusing OntologyWeb Language(OWL)language and indexed the annotations under *** application is also built and linked with protégéso that the readers and journalists have an interface to query the news items ***,news items linked together will provide complete coverage and bring together different opinions at a single location for readers to do the analysis themselves.

关键词： Annotations corpus information retrieval semantic ontology

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Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflict-affected regions:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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General Psychiatry 2024年第3期37卷 324-334页

作者： Syed Hassan ahmed AabiaZakai Maha Zahi Muhammad Youshay jawad Rui Fu Michael Chaiton Dow University of Health Sciences KarachiPakistan Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Penn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada institute of Mental Health Policy Research The Center of Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada

Background Globally,populations afflicted by armed conflict are known to have high rates of mental health *** This meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and depressive symptoms among civilians residing in armed conflictaffected *** This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items forSystematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.A literature search employing MEDLINE(R),Embase Classic+Embase,APA PsyclNFO,Ovid Healthstar,Journal@Ovid Full Text,Cochrane,PTSDpubs and CINAHL was conducted from inception until 19 March 2024 to identify relevant *** assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies,and a Comprehensive Meta-Analysiswas usedto conduct the statistical *** The search yielded 38595 articles,of which 57 were considered eligible for *** included studies comprised data from 64596 *** estimated a prevalence of 23.70%(95%CI 19.50%to28.40%)forPTSD symptomsand 25.60%(95%Cl 20.70%to 31.10%)for depressive features among war-afflicted *** subgroup analysis based on time since the war and the country's economic status revealed the highest prevalence for both PTSD and depressive symptoms was present during the years of war and in low/*** The results of this study provide conclusive evidence of the detrimental impacts of armed conflict on mental health ***,it is crucial to emphasise the significance of both physical and mental health in the aftermath of war and take appropriate humanistic measures to overcome challenges in the management of psychiatric illnesses.

关键词： analysis stress armed

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Protaper Universal机用再治疗系统去除椭圆根管内牙胶有效性的微计算机断层扫描研究

Protaper Universal机用再治疗系统去除椭圆根管内牙胶有效性的微...

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作者：艾真（ahmed jawad Abed AL-Ashaw）华中科技大学

学位级别：硕士

目的：比较研究ProTaper Universal根管再治疗系统（ProTaper UR）联合或不联合使用溶剂对用两种技术充填的椭圆根管进行再治疗后根管内残余充填材料的量。方法：收集四十颗为椭圆根管的下颌切牙，并将其分别用连续波垂直加压法和... 详细信息

目的：比较研究ProTaper Universal根管再治疗系统（ProTaper UR）联合或不联合使用溶剂对用两种技术充填的椭圆根管进行再治疗后根管内残余充填材料的量。方法：收集四十颗为椭圆根管的下颌切牙，并将其分别用连续波垂直加压法和冷牙胶侧方加压法向根管内填充牙胶和iRoot SP糊剂。随后用ProTaper UR系统去除根管内填充物，并用ProTaper Universal F4进一步预备根管，记录操作时间。用再治疗前后显微断层扫描（μ-CT）图像评价根管内残余充填材料体积百分比。结果：观察所有标本中的残余充填材料。连续波垂直加压组根管内残余材料的平均体积多于冷牙胶侧方加压组，尤其在根尖三分之一部分（P <.05）。根管再治疗中，使用溶剂组到达工作长度所需时间比未使用溶剂组短，并有统计学差异（P<.05）。然而，达到满意的去牙胶效果并进行根管再预备所需的时间，未使用溶剂组相比使用溶剂组更短（P <.05）。结论：所有的再治疗技术都不能完全将椭圆根管中的牙胶/糊剂去除。用连续波垂直加压法充填的根管相比冷牙胶侧方加压法充填的根管，再治疗后残余的充填材料更多。未使用溶剂组达到满意的去牙胶效果并进行根管再预备所需的时间比使用溶剂组更短。

关键词：下颌切牙椭圆根管计算机断层扫描充填材料垂直加压法去除方法

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Estimate the Ventilation Effect from Wire Mesh Screen Assisted Solar Chimney

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2018年第3期12卷 127-131页

作者： Md.Mizanur Rahman Mohd.Suffian Bin Misaran Mohd.Jamrye Bin Jamanun ahmed jawad Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia SabahKota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia

In 1750s European houses, chimneys are used to remove smoke and dust particle from the fire place to the ambient. At present the applications of chimneys are extended for house ventilation, which is known as solar chimney assisted ventilation system. In this paper, the effect of wire mesh screen on chimney assisted ventilation system is studied and presented. Natural draft chimney integrated with solar heating system that is known as solar chimney, can be used for building ventilation. Number of research works had been conducted on different types of solar chimney to enhance the building ventilation performance. In this study a solar chimney model is designed and modified with wire mesh screens. An electric heating system is installed in the models to replace the solar absorber in the solar chimney. The airflow rates and the exit air temperatures are also measured and compared for normal chimney and modified chimneys under different heat loads. The performances of the chimneys are evaluated to determine the effects of wire mesh screen on the solar chimney. Experimental results indicated the solar chimney model with 0.64 mm × 0.64 mm pore size wire mesh screen at the exit is able to enhance velocity and the exit air temperature are about 54% and 41%, respectively. It has been concluded that the wire mesh screen has significant effect of model solar chimney and is able to enhance the performance.

关键词： Solar chimney natural ventilation wire mesh screen.

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