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Endoscopic identification of endoluminal esophageal landmarks for radial and longitudinal orientation and lesion location

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第4期25卷 498-508页

作者： Fabian Emura Rene Gomez-Esquivel Carlos Rodriguez-Reyes Petros Benias javier preciado Michael Wallace Luis Giraldo-Cadavid Division of Gastroenterology Universidad de La Sabana Advanced Gastrointestinal Endoscopy EmuraCenter LatinoAmerica Emura Foundation for the Promotion of Cancer Research Unidad de Endoscopia Digestiva Clínica Pediátrica Colsanitas Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Division of Gastroenterology North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center Unidad de Exploraciones Digestivas Clinica Universitaria Colombia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Department of Internal Medicine. Universidad de La Sabana Division of Interventional Pulmonology Fundacion Neumologica Colombiana

AIM To characterize esophageal endoluminal landmarks to permit radial and longitudinal esophageal orientation and accurate lesion location.METHODS Distance from the incisors and radial orientation were estimated for the main left bronchus and the left atrium landmarks in 207 consecutive patients using white light examination. A sub-study was also performed using white light followed by endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) in 25 consecutive patients to confirm the findings.The scope orientation throughout the exam was maintained at the natural axis,where the left esophageal quadrant corresponds to the area between 6 and 9 o'clock. When an anatomical landmark was identified, it was recorded with a photograph and its quadrant orientation and distance from the incisors were determined. The reference points to obtain the distances and radial orientation were as follows: the midpoint of the left main bronchus and the most intense pulsatile zone of the left atrium. With the video processor system set to moderate insufflation, measurements were obtained at the end of the patients' air expiration.RESULTS The left main bronchus and left atrium esophageal landmarks were identified using white light in 99% and 100% of subjects at a mean distance of 25.8 cm(SD2.3), and 31.4 cm(SD 2.4) from the incisors, respectively. The left main bronchus landmark was found to be a tubular, concave, non-pulsatile, esophageal external compression, occupying approximately 1/4 of the circumference. The left atrium landmark was identified as a round, convex, pulsatile, esophageal external compression, occupying approximately 1/4 of the circumference. Both landmarks were identified using white light on the anterior esophageal quadrant. In the substudy, the left main bronchus was identified in 24(92%) patients at 25.4 cm(SD2.1) and 26.7 cm(SD 1.9) from the incisors, by white light and EUS, respectively.The left atrium was recognized in all patients at 30.5 cm(SD 1.9), and 31.6 cm(SD2.3) from the incisors, by both white light and EUS, respectively. EUS confi

关键词： Esophagus Natural landmark Radial orientation Longitudinal orientation Four-quadrants Left main bronchus Left atrium

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Vertical Displacement Measurement in a Slow-Moving Sinkhole Using BOTDA

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Photonic Sensors 2024年第1期14卷 23-39页

作者： Pascual SEVILLANO javier preciado-GARBAYO Jorge SEVIL Francisco GUTIERREZ Juan JMARTiNEZ Sonia MARTiN-LOPEZ Miguel GONZALEZ-HERRAEZ Aragon Institute of Engineering Research(I3A) Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain Electronic Enginering and Communicaton Dpartment EINAUniversidad de ZaragzaZaragza 50018Spain Aragon Photonics Labs. Zaragoza 50009Spain Department of Earth Sciences Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50009Spain Department of Electronics Escuela Politecnica SuperiorUniversidad de AlcalaMadrid 28805Spain

The effectiveness of monitoring and early-warning systems for ground deformation phenomena,such as sinkholes,depends on their ability to accurately resolve the ongoing ground displacement and detect the subtle deformation preceding catastrophic failures.Sagging sinkholes with a slow subsidence rate and diffuse edges pose a significant challenge for subsidence monitoring due to the low deformation rates and limited lateral strain gradients.In this work,we satisfactorily illustrate the practicality of the Brillouin optical time domain analysis(BOTDA)to measure the spatial-temporal patterns of the vertical displacement in such challenging slow-moving sagging sinkholes.To assess the performance of the approach,we compare the strain recorded by the distributed optical fiber sensor with the vertical displacement measured by high-precision leveling.The results show a good spatial correlation with the ability to identify the maximum subsidence point.There is also a good temporal correlation with the detection of an acceleration phase in the subsidence associated with a flood event.

关键词： Distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS) vertical displacement measurement slow subsidence rate sinkhole hazard early-warning system

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