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Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri Alberto javier Ramos Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this *** traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain *** astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are *** altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional *** therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute ***,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRNAs or lncRNA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

Regulation and function of angiogenic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2021年第1期7卷 815-836页

作者： Angeles garc.a-pardo javier Redondo-Muñoz Department of Molecular Biomedicine Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita SalasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid 280140Spain

Progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL)is determined by the localization of malignant cells in lymphoid tissues,where they receive growth and survival *** cells produce angiogenic factors that are regulated by internal and external stimuli and whose levels vary according to the clinical stage of the *** cellular and molecular components in CLL niches disturb the balance of pro-and antiangiogenic molecules in CLL cells and induce an angiogenic ***,CLL cells also influence the behavior of microenvironmental cells,inducing endothelial cell proliferation and increasing the angiogenic capacity of macrophages,neutrophils,and other cells present in CLL *** a result of these reciprocal functional interactions,bone marrow angiogenesis is frequently increased in CLL and has been proposed as a prognostic marker in early *** their role in regulating angiogenesis,angiogenic factors are also involved in CLL cell migration and survival,all contributing to disease *** factors,particularly vascular endothelial growth factor,have therefore been attractive therapeutic targets in CLL and many clinical trials were established in the past ***,the results of these trials reveal that anti-angiogenic therapies alone are not as efficient as expected and should rather be used in combination with other treatments.

关键词： Chronic lymphocytic leukemia angiogenic factors CLL microenvironment CLL migration and survival antiangiogenic therapy

ZigID:Improving visibility in industrial environments by combining WSN and RFID

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2011年第11期12卷 849-859页

作者： Pablo garc.a ANSOLA Andrés garc.a javier de las MORENAS javier garc.a ESCRIBANO Francisco javier OTAMENDI Autolog Labs School of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Castilla-La Mancha Applied Economic Department University Rey Juan Carlos

The objective of this work is to provide decision-making processes with an updated/real picture of the mobile resources in industrial environments through a constant feedback of *** combination of identification technologies and wireless sensor networks(WSN) is proposed as a key development to guarantee an accurate and timely supply of online information regarding the localization and tracking of the mobile wireless *** approach uses a cooperative and distributed localization system,called ZigID,which is a WSN based on a Zigbee network with radio frequency identification(RFID) active tags as end *** WSN can recover not only the ID information stored at the tags attached to mobile resources,but also any other useful data captured by specific sensors for acceleration,temperature,humidity and fuel *** paper also shows the development of ZigID,including devices and information flows,as well as its implementation in ground handling operations at the Ciudad Real Central Airport,Spain.

关键词： Radio frequency identification(RFID) Tracking Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)

Do Rules and Patterns Affect Design Maintainability?

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第2期24卷 262-272页

作者： javier Garzás Félix garc.a Mario Piattini Kybele Consulting Madrid Spain Department of Information Technologies and Systems-Escuela Superior de Informáica University of Castilla-La Mancha Alarcos Research Group-Institute of Information Technologies and Systems Department of Information Technologies and Systems-Escuela Superior de Informáica University of Castilla-La Mancha

At the present time, best rules and patterns have reached a zenith in popularity and diffusion, thanks to the software community＇s efforts to discover, classify and spread knowledge concerning all types of rules and patterns. Rules and patterns are useful elements, but many features remain to be studied if we wish to apply them in a rational manner. The improvement in quality that rules and patterns can inject into design is a key issue to be analyzed, so a complete body of empirical knowledge dealing with this is therefore necessary. This paper tackles the question of whether design rules and patterns can help to improve the extent to which designs are easy to understand and modify. An empirical study, composed of one experiment and a replica, was conducted with the aim of validating our conjecture. The results suggest that the use of rules and patterns affect the understandability and modifiability of the design, as the diagrams with rules and patterns are more difficult to understand than non-rule/pattern versions and more effort is required to carry out modifications to designs with rules and patterns.

关键词： design patterns and rules maintainability software quality object-oriented design

Renormings concerning exposed points and non-smoothness

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Science China Mathematics 2009年第9期52卷 1844-1848页

作者： garc.a-PACHECO Francisco javier Department of Mathematics Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

Intuitively, non-smooth points might look like exposed points. However, in this paper we show that real Banach spaces having dimension greater than or equal to three can be equivalently renormed to obtain non-smooth p... 详细信息

关键词： exposed point smooth point rotund point Primary 46B20, 46B03 Secondary 46B07

Updates on the hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met axis in hepatocellular carcinoma and its therapeutic implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第33期24卷 3695-3708页

作者： javier A garc.a-Vilas Miguelángel Medina Department of Pediatrics University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2S2Canada Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica Facultad de CienciasAndalucía TechUniversidad de MálagaMálaga 29071Spain Unidad 741 de CIBER“de Enfermedades Raras”(CIBERER) Málaga 29071Spain Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga Málaga 29071Spain

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death. Since the diagnosis of HCC is difficult, in many cases patients with HCC are diagnosed advanced stage of development. Hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)/c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition receptor(c-Met) axis is a key signaling pathway in HCC, either via canonical or non-canonical pathways. Available treatments against HCC based upon HGF/c-Met inhibition can increase patient lifespan, but do not reach the expected therapeutic benefits. In HCC, c-Met monomers can bind other receptor monomers, activating several noncanonical signaling pathways, leading to increased cell proliferation, invasion, motility, and drug resistance. All of these processes are enhanced by the tumor microenvironment, with stromal cells contributing to boost tumor progression through oxidative stress, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Novel treatments against HCC are being explored to modulate other targets such as microR NAs, methyltransferases, and acetyltransferases, which are all involved in the regulation of gene expression in cancer. This review compiles basic knowledge regarding signaling pathways in HCC, and compounds already used or showing potential to be used in clinical trials.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET Tumor microenvironment c-Met

Numerical modeling of nutrient transport to assess the agricultural impact on the trophic state of reservoirs

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第1期11卷 197-212页

作者： Franklin Torres-Bejarano Jesús garc.a-Gallego javier Salcedo-Salgado Department of Environmental Engineering University of CordobaCarrera 6 No.77-305230002MonteriaColombia Environmental Engineering Program University of CordobaCarrera 6 No.77-305230002MonteriaColombia

A trophic state increase relates to surface water bodies nutrient enrichment,due to the chemical products used such as fertilizers in agriculture and residues from cattle raising *** research consists of nutrient transport numerical modeling to analyze the Betancíreservoir trophic state in Colombia;Water samples were collected to analyze total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonia,nitrates,nitrites,phosphates,chlorophyll-a,dissolved oxygen,BOD,COD,suspended solids,and water *** water quality model MOHID Studio was implemented and after its calibration,scenarios of increase and decrease of nutrients and inflows to the reservoir through its main tributaries were simulated to reproduce the agricultural activity changes in the basin and the effects that would have on the reservoir's trophic state dynamics;Therefore,the Carlson Trophic Status Index was calculated for each *** results show that variations in total nitrogen concentration and increased inflows present short-term consequences on the reservoir's trophic *** the incoming total nitrogen con-centrations by 100%causes the reservoir to change from a light eutrophic to a hypereutrophic *** results of this research provide a starting tool to water resources integrated management in reservoirs.

关键词： Environmental modeling Trophic state index Nutrient transport Eutrophication Water pollution

Collaborative learning via social computing

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019年第2期20卷 265-282页

作者： Ricardo S.ALONSO javier PRIETO óscar garc.a Juan M.CORCHADO BISITE Research Group University of Salamanca

Educational innovation is a field that has been greatly enriched by using technology in its processes, resulting in a learning model where information comes from numerous sources and collaboration takes place among multiple students. One attractive challenge within educational innovation is the design of collaborative learning activities from the social computing point of view, where collaboration is not limited to student-to-student relationships, but includes student-to-machine interactions. At the same time, there is a great lack of tools that give support to the whole learning process and are not restricted to specific aspects of the educational task. In this paper, we present and evaluate context-aware framework for collaborative learning applications(CAFCLA) as a solution to these problems. CAFCLA is a flexible framework that covers the entire process of developing collaborative learning activities, taking advantage of contextual information and social interactions. Its application in the experimental case study of a collaborative WebQuest within a museum has shown that, among other benefits, the use of social computing improves the learning process, fosters collaboration, enhances relationships, and increases engagement.

关键词： Context-awareness Collaborative learning Social computing Virtual organizations Wireless sensor networks Real time location system

Radiative loss of coherence in free electrons:a long-range quantum phenomenon

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 294-301页

作者： Cruz I.Velasco Valerio Di Giulio F.javier garc.a de Abajo ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology08860Castelldefels(Barcelona)Spain ICREA-InstitucióCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Passeig Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain

Quantum physics rules the dynamics of small objects as they interact over microscopic length ***,quantum correlations involving macroscopic distances can be observed between entangled photons as well as in atomic gases and matter waves at low *** long-range nature of the electromagnetic coupling between charged particles and extended objects could also trigger quantum phenomena over large ***,we reveal a manifestation of quantum mechanics that involves macroscopic distances and results in a nearly complete depletion of coherence associated with which-way free-electron interference produced by electron-radiation coupling in the presence of distant extended *** is a ubiquitous effect that we illustrate through a rigorous theoretical analysis of a two-path electron beam interacting with a semi-infinite metallic plate and find the inter-path coherence to vanish proportionally to the path separation at zero temperature and exponentially at finite *** investigated regime of large distances originates in the coupling of the electron to radiative modes assisted by diffraction at material structures but without any involvement of material *** the fundamental interest of this macroscopic quantum phenomenon,our results suggest an approach to measuring the vacuum temperature and nondestructively sensing the presence of distant objects.

关键词： temperature quantum macroscopic