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Integrating time progression in ecoimmunology studies: beyond immune response intensity

Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 205-212页

作者： Francisco javier ZAMORA-CAMACHO Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA Department of Biogeography and global Change Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN) Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Madrid Spain

Habitat alterations in agroecosystems may damage amphibian immune capacity. As agroecosystem extension is increasing worldwide, broader-context knowledge on the effects of agroecosystem stressful conditions on amphibian immune capacity is crucial for understanding and management of amphibian global declines. However, most studies on ecoimmunology assume synchronal amonggroup immune-response peaks, and focus on immune response after standardized time lapses, neglecting its progress!on. Herein, I compared inflamatory response short-term progression of agro ecosystem and n atural-habitat female and male n atterjack toads Epi da lea calamita, by measuri ng swelling response, once per hour, 6 h following an artificial immune challenge with innocuous antigen phytohemagglutinin. I also compared maximum magnitude of swelling response, irrespective of the moment when it was reached. Habitat differences arose only 3 h after challenge, when naturalhabitat toads showed greater swelling response. Maximum magnitude of swelling response was similar in toads from both habitats. However, agroecosystem toads showed a delayed swelling response as compared with natural-habitat conspecifics, probably as a consequenee of agroecosystem stressful conditions. Such a delay suggests a weaker immune capacity, and consequently impaired anti-pathogen performance. Regarding sex, swelling response magnitude did not differ between males and females. Female swelling response peaked earlier, but that of males was more sustai ned in time, which con tradicts general across-taxa fin dings that males show impaired immune response. Interestingly, results suggest that measuring swelling response only after some standardized period following stimulation may be a simplistic approach and produce unrealistic results. Consequently, studies on ecoimmunology should implement swelling response progression in order to produce unbiased science.

关键词： agroecosystem amphibian immunocompetence natural habitat immune response progressi on

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Sex and habitat differences in size and coloration of an amphibian’s poison glands match differential predator pressures

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第5期17卷 764-776页

作者： Francisco javier ZAMORA-CAMACHO Department of Phisical Chemical and Natural SystemsPablo de Olavide UniversitySevilleSpain Department of Biodiversity Ecology and EvolutionComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain

Chemical defenses are frequently accompanied by salient color patterns actively avoided by predators,a phe-nomenon referred to as ***,the production of both chemical defenses and pigments is costly,and is thus expected to be reduced under mild predator *** this work,I compared the size and coloration of parotoid glands(2 dorsal,external swollen structures that secrete toxins in toads)of male and female Epidalea calamita toads from agrosystems and from pine groves.I also quantiﬁed the predator attacks received by plas-ticine toad models,whose“parotoid glands”differed in size and color conspicuousness,exposed in each *** avoided models with large and conspicuous parotoid glands,but models in agrosystems were more of-ten *** actual toads,agrosystem and male individuals had larger parotoid glands,presumably implying greater production of chemical defenses than in pine grove and female conspeciﬁ***ﬁndings are aligned with previous research suggesting that both agrosystem toads and males in this system are subjected to a more intense predator *** between parotoid gland and dorsum coloration was greater in agrosys-tem toads.A marked internal pattern could function as an aposematic signal,which could counteract increased predator pressure.

关键词： anuran agrosystem aposematism Epidalea calamita plasticine model

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globe penetration during loco-regional anesthesia: prevalence and review of cases

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第10期15卷 1683-1690页

作者： Alba gómez-Benlloch Maximiliano Olivera Jeroni Nadal gemma Julio javier Elizalde Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer Barcelona 08021Spain Institut Universitari Barraquer Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08021Spain School of Medicine Universitat Internacional de CatalunyaBarcelona 08017Spain

AIM: To describe prevalence and different clinical signs and management of cases with penetrating eye injuries during loco-regional anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical records was carried out, identifying cases of globe penetration secondary to peribulbar anesthesia injection during 5 y activity in Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer. RESULTS: A total of 17 460 needle-based ocular anesthesia procedures were performed in our centre and 4 cases of globe penetration were recorded with an estimated prevalence of 0.024%. globe penetrations were always detected in the first 24 h after surgery. Vitreous haemorrhage was found in all the cases. Two eyes presented retinal detachment and two eyes choroidal detachment(CD). The initial surgical approach was performed within the first 48 h. Silicone oil was used as tamponade in three eyes and the fourth case remained only with air. Detachments were solved successfully in all the cases. Functional results varied among cases, depending on ocular remarkable antecedent and globe penetration with or without retinal or ***: Prevalence of globe penetration during loco-regional anesthesia is low in our centre. Physicians should consider the possibility of globe penetration in eyes with postoperative atypical appearance after locoregional anesthesia. Immediate B-scan ultrasonography is recommended in suspicious cases with a dense vitreous haemorrhage. An early vitrectomy surgery in conjunction with laser or cryotherapy at the penetration sites is essential for good anatomical and functional results.

关键词： loco-regional anesthesia peribulbar retrobulbar globe penetration retina

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Association between Helicobacter *** and hepatobiliary malignancies:A review

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2015年第5期21卷 1414-1423页

作者： Fany Karina Segura-López Alfredo güitrón-Cantú javier Torres Hospital de Especialidades UMAE No 71 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialTorreónCoahuila 27000México Departamento de Endoscopia gastrointestinal Hospital de Especialidades UMAE No 71Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialTorreónCoahuila 2700México Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias Hospital de Pediatría UMAECentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico CP 06720DFMéxico

Hepatobiliary cancers are highly lethal cancers that comprise a spectrum of invasive carcinomas originating in the liver hepatocellular carcinoma,the bile ducts intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and extrahepaticcholangiocarcinoma,the gallbladder and the ampulla of Vater(collectively known as biliary tract cancers).These tumors account for approximately 13% of all annual cancer-related deaths worldwide and for 10%-20% of deaths from hepatobiliary ***(CCA) is a devastating disease that displays a poor survival rate for which few therapeutic options are *** genetics,geographical and environmental factors,cholelithiasis,obesity,parity,and endemic infection with liver flukes have been identified as risk factors that influence the development of biliary tract *** important factors affecting the carcinogenesis of these tumors include chronic inflammation,obstruction of the bile ducts,and impaired bile *** has been suggested that CCA is caused by infection with Helicobacter species,such as Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter hepaticus,in a manner that is similar to the reported role of Helicobacter pylori in distal gastric *** to the difficulty in culturing these Helicobacter species,molecular methods,such as polymerase chain reaction and sequencing,or immunologic assays have become the methods of choice for ***,clinical studies of benign or malignant biliary tract diseases revealed remarkable variability in the methods and the findings,and the use of uniform and validated techniques is needed.

关键词： Helicobacter bilis Helicobacter hepaticus Helicoba

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Term-Dependent Confidence Normalisation for Out-of-Vocabulary Spoken Term Detection

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2012年第2期27卷 358-375页

作者： javier Tejedo Simon King Joe Frankel Centre for Speech Technology Research University of Edinburgh10 Crichton Street Human Computer Technology Laboratory (HCTLab) School of Computer Engineering and Telecommunication University Autonomous of MadridAvenue Francisco Tomás y Valiente 1128049MadridSpain

An important component of a spoken term detection （STD） system involves estimating confidence measures of hypothesised detections.A potential problem of the widely used lattice-based confidence estimation,however,is that the confidence scores are treated uniformly for all search terms,regardless of how much they may differ in terms of phonetic or linguistic *** problem is particularly evident for out-of-vocabulary （OOV） terms which tend to exhibit high intra-term *** address the impact of term diversity on confidence measures,we propose in this work a term-dependent normalisation technique which compensates for term diversity in confidence *** first derive an evaluation-metric-oriented normalisation that optimises the evaluation metric by compensating for the diverse occurrence rates among terms,and then propose a linear bias compensation and a discriminative compensation to deal with the bias problem that is inherent in lattice-based confidence measurement and from which the Term Specific Threshold （TST） approach *** tested the proposed technique on speech data from the multi-party meeting domain with two state-ofthe-art STD systems based on phonemes and words *** experimental results demonstrate that the confidence normalisation approach leads to a significant performance improvement in STD,particularly for OOV terms with phonemebased systems.

关键词： confidence estimation discriminative model spoken term detection speech recognition

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Ceria on alumina support for catalytic pyrolysis of Pavlova sp. microalgae to high-quality bio-oils

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第3期27卷 874-882页

作者： Tevfik Aysu javier Fermoso Aimaro Sanna Institute of Mechanical Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE) Heriot-Watt University Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Yuzuncu Yil University

In this work,we report for the first time the in-situ catalytic pyrolysis of Pavlova ***,which has been performed in a fixed-bed reactor in presence of Ce/Al2O3-based *** effects of pyrolysis parameters,such as temperature and catalyst were studied on the products yield distribution and biooil composition,among *** showed that all catalysts increased the bio-oil yield with respect to the non-catalytic runs and reduced the O/C ratio from 0.69（Pavlova sp.）to 0.1–0.15,which is close to that of crude *** terms of bio-oil oxygen content,Mg Ce/Al2O3presented the best performance with a reduction of more than 30%,from 14.1 to 9.8 wt%,of the oxygen concentration in comparison with thermal ***,Ni Ce/Al2O3gave rise to the highest aliphatics/aromatics *** elemental and gas analysis indicates that N was partially removed from the catalytic bio-oils in the gas phase in forms of NH3and HCN.

关键词： Bio-oil Pavlova sp. Pyrolysis Deoxygenation Catalyst Ceria

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Hotspot of Adult Cuban Treefrog and Cane Toad Multi-organ Abnormality in Suburban South-west Florida

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Asian Herpetological Research 2020年第2期11卷 139-154页

作者： Sharon Pratt ANZALDUA javier gOLDBERg Private University 27427 Horne Ave Bonita SpringsFlorida 34135USA Instituto de Bio y geociencias del NOA(IBIgEO-CONICET) CCT-Salta9 de Julio 14Rosario de LermaSalta 4405Argentina

This study represents a continuation of the Florida hotspot of tadpole abnormality found in the Southwest Florida suburban roadside drainage ditches in 2012 to determine if the adult frogs and toads frequenting the study sites were anatomically *** gross examination of all organs included 397 adult anurans and 40 metamorphs representing five anuran species:Osteopilus septentrionalis(N=364),Rhinella marina(N=60),Lithobates sphenocephala(N=7),Anaxyrus terrestris(N=5)and Anaxyrus americanus(N=1).The gonads,liver,kidney and intestines were abnormal at a frequency of 87.4%.The few normal anurans(12.6%)were females and young male *** found a significant difference in organ abnormality type and f requency between *** all f rog and toad males had testicular abnormality(92%)with only 6%with normal testes,whereas the female gonad abnormality was lower,at 41.6%.Hermaphroditism was found in both sexes at a frequency of 26.2%.The toads had a significantly higher frequency of hermaphroditism than the *** toad hermaphroditism frequency was found to be 40%,whereas the frog hermaphroditism 23.3%.A hermaphrodite Cane toad male with a female phenotype coexisted with the normal male phenotype *** fertility of 27 in situ pairs was *** fertile testicular abnormal male and hermaphrodite pairs produced offspring with abnormal larval *** information adds new evidence of the effect of chemicals on wild populations and the effect on non-target species which has always been underestimated.

关键词： gonad hermaphrodite malformation Osteopilus septentrionalis Rhinella marina

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Kinetic study of austenite formation during continuous heating of unalloyed ductile iron

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第1期22卷 27-31页

作者： Octvio Vazquez-gómez Jos Antonio Barrera-godínez Hctor javier Vergara-Hernndez Faculty of Chemistry Metallurgical Engineering DepartmentAutonomous National University of Mexico Metallurgy Science Postgraduate Programme Morelia Institute of Technology

The austenite formation kinetics in unalloyed cast ductile iron was studied on the basis of dilatometry measurements, and Avrami＇s equation was used to estimate the material＇s kinetic parameters. A continuous heating transformation diagram was constructed us-ing heating rates in the range of 0.06 to 0.83℃·s^-1. As the heating rate was augmented, the critical temperatures, c1A and Aα, as well as the intercritical range, which was evaluated as the difference between the critical temperatures, α c1Δ T =A_a- A_c1 , increased. At a low heating rate, the kinetics of austenite formation was slow as a consequence of the iron＇s silicon content. The effect of heating rate on k and n, the kinetic parameters of Avrami＇s equation, was also determined. Parameter n, which is associated with nucleation sites and growth geometry, de-creased with an increase in heating rate. In addition, parameter k increased with the increase of heating rate, suggesting that the nucleation and growth rates are carbon-and silicon-diffusion controlled during austenite formation under continuous heating.

关键词： ductile iron austenite continuous heating heating rate kinetics dilatometry

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Relationship between HSP90a, NPC2 and L-PgDS proteins to boar semen freezability

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 582-591页

作者： Julián Valencia germán gómez Walter López Henry Mesa Francisco javier Henao Universidad de Caldas Faculty of Agricultural Sciences A.A. 275 Manizales Caldas Colombia

Background： The purpose of this study was to determine the association of three proteins involved in sperm function on the freezability of porcine semen： the heat shock protein 90 alpha（HSP90a）, the Niemann-Pick disease type C2 protein（NPC2）, and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase（L-PgDS）.Six adult boars（each boar was ejaculated three times, 18 in total） were classified by freezability based on the percentage of functionally competent sperm. The male semen with highest freezability（MHF） and the male semen with lowest freezability（MLF） were centrifuged immediately after collection to separate seminal plasma and spermatozoa to make four possible combinations of these two components and to incubate them for 3 h,adjusting the temperature to 17 °C, to freeze them afterwards. The quantification of proteins was performed in two stages： at zero and at 3 h after incubation of the four ***： The spermatozoa × incubation time（IT） interaction only had effect（P 〈 0.01） on HSP90 a levels; this protein increased in seminal plasma, after 3 h of incubation, in larger quantity（P 〈 0.05） in combinations with MLF spermatozoa. In relation with the NPC2 protein, two isoforms of 16 and 19 kDa were identified. The 19 kDa isoform was affected（P 〈 0.01） only by the seminal plasma × IT interaction, with superior values（P 〈 0.01） both at zero and three hours of incubation, in the combinations with MHF seminal plasma; and 16 kDa isoform was affected（P 〈 0.01） only by the IT with reduction after 3 h of incubation. The levels of L-PgDS was affected（P 〈 0.01）only by the spermatozoa × IT interaction, which reduced（P 〈 0.01） in combinations with MLF spermatozoa after 3 h of ***： It is possible to consider that the three proteins evaluated were associated with freezability of boar semen due, especially, to the fact that mixtures with MLF spermatozoa showed greater increase levels of the HSP90 a protein and reduction of L-PgDS in plasma. In addition, the seminal

关键词： Boar freezability HSP90a L-PgDS NPC2 Semen preservation Seminal plasma

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Allophane as a Nanotechnological Additive in Masonry Materials to Increase Resistance and Waterproofing

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2024年第8期14卷 196-212页

作者： Edward H. Jiménez Joao Rivera Juan H. Villalba Paola E. Vera Marlon Cuenca Belén granja javier Fuentes Sandra gavilanes Daniel Hidalgo Fernando garcia Jose Bermudez Washington Ruiz Alexis Martial Debut Facultad de Ingeniera Qumica Universidad Central del Ecuador Quito Ecuador Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo Universidad Central del Ecuador Quito Ecuador Nanomaterials Characterization Laboratory Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE Sangolqu Ecuador

The constant need for high-strength materials in the construction industry promotes the research of additives that improve the properties of masonry materials. The use of allophane as an additive in concrete and mortar mixtures was implemented to improve their strength and waterproofing, respectively, using compression and water absorption tests according to their corresponding standards (ASTM C1231, ASTM D2938, and ASTM C1585). The samples were evaluated at different concentrations and curing ages. In addition, different sand/cement ratios were considered for the mortar. The results revealed that there was a 9.4% increase in compressive strength in concrete and a 23.7% reduction in water absorption in mortar for the 5:1 ratio. These changes would be the result of the interaction of the nanoporous additive in the atomic crystal structure of the material demonstrating the nanotechnological nature of allophane.

关键词： Allophane Nano Additive Strength Impermeability Concrete Mortar

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