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FIAs(Foliation Intersection/Inflection Axes) Preserved in Porphyroblasts,the DNA of Deformation:A Solution to the Puzzle of Deformation and Metamorphism in the Colorado,Rocky Mountains,USA

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 971-984页

作者： SHAH Afroz ahmad School of Earth and Environmental Sciences James Cook UniversityTownsville Queensland Australia

FIAs have been used extensively for more than a decade to unravel deformation and metamorphic puzzles. Orogenic processes developing early during the history or orogenesis challenge scientists because compositional layering in rocks always reactivates where multiple deformations have occurred, leaving little evidence of the history of foliation development preserved in the matrix. The foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, USA contain a succession of four FIA sets （trends） that would not have been distinguishable if porphyroblasts had not grown during the multiple deformation events that affected these rocks or if they had rotated as these events took place. They reveal that both the partitioning of deformation and the location of isograds changed significantly as the deformation proceeded.

关键词： foliation intersection/inflection axes porphyroblast deformational partitioning

Unlocking the Potential:A Comprehensive Systematic Review of ChatGPT in Natural Language Processing Tasks

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 43-85页

作者： Ebtesam ahmad Alomari Faculty of Computing and Information Albaha UniversityAlbaha65731Saudi Arabia

As Natural Language Processing(NLP)continues to advance,driven by the emergence of sophisticated large language models such as ChatGPT,there has been a notable growth in research *** rapid uptake reflects increasing interest in the field and induces critical inquiries into ChatGPT’s applicability in the NLP *** review paper systematically investigates the role of ChatGPT in diverse NLP tasks,including information extraction,Name Entity Recognition(NER),event extraction,relation extraction,Part of Speech(PoS)tagging,text classification,sentiment analysis,emotion recognition and text *** novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive analysis of the existing literature,addressing a critical gap in understanding ChatGPT’s adaptability,limitations,and optimal *** this paper,we employed a systematic stepwise approach following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)framework to direct our search process and seek relevant *** review reveals ChatGPT’s significant potential in enhancing various NLP *** adaptability in information extraction tasks,sentiment analysis,and text classification showcases its ability to comprehend diverse contexts and extract meaningful ***,ChatGPT’s flexibility in annotation tasks reducesmanual efforts and accelerates the annotation process,making it a valuable asset in NLP development and ***,GPT-4 and prompt engineering emerge as a complementary mechanism,empowering users to guide the model and enhance overall *** its promising potential,challenges *** performance of ChatGP Tneeds tobe testedusingmore extensivedatasets anddiversedata ***,its limitations in handling domain-specific language and the need for fine-tuning in specific applications highlight the importance of further investigations to address these issues.

关键词： Generative AI large languagemodel(LLM) natural language processing(NLP) ChatGPT GPT(generative pretraining transformer) GPT-4 sentiment analysis NER information extraction annotation text classification

Novel Photoinitiated Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Kinetics, and Mechanism of Complex of Potassium Hexacyanoferrate with Imidazole

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2009年第2期25卷 138-142页

作者： MAJID Kowsar ahmad Siraj MALIK Mukhtar ahmad Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology

Photoinitiated substitution complex of [Fe（CN）6]^4- with imidazole has been synthesized and characterized. On the basis of elemental analysis, the empirical molecular formula of the complex is K4[Fe（CN）5（C3H4N2）]·4H2O. The substitution of aquo ligand produced as a result of photoexcitation by imidazole has been confirmed by various spectroscopic thechniques like UV-Vis, FTIR, NMR, and SEM techniques. The characteristic FTIR and NMR absorption peaks for different entities present support the assigned formula. The presence of cyanide and imidazole ligands is shown by FTIR absorption peaks at 2046 cm^-1 due to v（C≡N） and at 1447 and 1619 cm^-1 due to v（C=N） and v（C=C） stretching vibration of the aromatic ring of imidazole, hence, confirming the assigned formula and photoinitiated substitution process. ^1HNMR also shows the peaks for aromatic hydrogen confirming again the presence of imidazole in the complex, further supporting the successful photoinitiated process. The water outside the coordination sphere has been confirmed from FTIR peaks and thermal analysis. Thermal kinetics and mechanistic studies have also been carried out by TG and DSC, Thermodynamics parameters such as activation energy（Ea）, preexponential factor（A）, and entropy of activation（Aft） have been calculated for each step via different methods like Doyle＇s, Coats, and Redfern and Arrehenius.

关键词： Photochemistry Potassium he.xacyanoferrate Imidazole Photosubstitution FTIR

Influence of accelerated curing on the compressive strength of polymer-modified concrete

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 589-599页

作者： Izhar ahmad Kashif Ali KHAN Tahir ahmad Muhammad ALAM Muhammad Tariq BASHIR College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Department of Civil Engineering Muslim Youth UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Civil Engineering CECOS University of IT&Emerging SciencesPeshawar 25000Pakistan Department of Civil Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyMardan 23200Pakistan

In recent building practice,rapid construction is one of the principal ***,in designing concrete structures,compressive strength is the most significant of all *** 3-d and 7-d compressive strength reflects the strengths at early phases,the ultimate strength is *** effort has been made in this study to develop mathematical models for predicting compressive strength of concrete incorporating ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA)at the later ***-Smirnov(KS)goodness-of-fit test was used to examine distribution of the *** compressive strength of EVA-modified concrete was studied by incorporating various concentrations of EVA as an admixture and by testing at ages of 28,56,90,120,210,and 365 *** accelerated compressive strength at 3.5 hours was considered as a reference strength on the basis of which all the specified strengths were predicted by means of linear regression *** on the results of KS goodness-of-fit test,it was concluded that KS test statistics value(D)in each case was lower than the critical value 0.521 for a significance level of 0.05,which demonstrated that the data was normally *** on the results of compressive strength test,it was concluded that the strength of EVA-modified specimens increased at all ages and the optimum dosage of EVA was achieved at 16%***,it was concluded that predicted compressive strength values lies within a 6%difference from the actual strength values for all the mixes,which indicates the practicability of the regression *** research work may help in understanding the role of EVA as a viable material in polymer-based cement composites.

关键词： compressive strength prediction polymer-modified concrete linear regression fit early age strength ethylene vinyl acetate

An Efficient EMD-Based Reversible Data Hiding Technique Using Dual Stego Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1139-1156页

作者： ahmad A.Mohammad Princess Sumaya University for Technology Amman11941Jordan

Exploiting modification direction(EMD)based data hiding techniques(DHTs)provide moderate data hiding capacity and high-quality stego *** overflow problem and the cyclic nature of the extraction function essentially hinder their application in several fields in which reversibility is *** far,the few EMD reversible DHTs are complex and numerically *** paper presents a novel EMD-based reversible DHT using *** novel 2×4 modification lookup tables are introduced,replacing the 256×256 reference matrix used in similar techniques and eliminating the numerically demanding search step in similar *** the embedding step,one of the modification tables modifies a pixel in odd columns in the first cover image and keeps its image in the second cover image *** other modification table modifies a pixel in even columns in the second cover image and keeps its image in the first cover image *** embedding strategy enables direct reversibility at almost zero computational *** technique embeds one 4−ary secret digit into each pixel in the first cover image and its image in the second cover image resulting in one bit per pixel(bpp)data embedding *** use of the 4−ary numbering system enables direct and numerically efficient conversion of the binary secret message to the 4−ary and vice *** advantages of the proposed algorithm are straightforward reversibility,simplicity,numerical efficiency,direct conversion of the binary secret message to 4−ary and vice versa,and elimination of the need for the 256×256 reference matrix by replacing it with two 2×4 lookup *** results show that the embedding rate of the proposed technique is one *** achieved more than 49 dB average Peak to Signal Noise Ratio(PSNR)over all test images.

关键词： Reversible data-hiding EMD-based high capacity steganography

Parabolic Marcinkiewicz Integrals along Surfaces on Product Domains

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第1期27卷 1-18页

作者： ahmad AL-SALMAN Department of Mathematics and Statistics Sultan Qaboos University P.O. Box 36 A1-Khod 123 Muscat Sultanate of Oman

Abstract In this paper, parabolic Marcinkiewicz integral operators along surfaces on the product domain Rn ×RM （n, m ≥2） are introduced. Lp bounds of such operators are obtained under weak conditions on the kernels.

关键词： Parabolic Marcinkiewicz integral operators parabolic maximal functions Fourier transform rough kernels

Landfill Sites Identification Using GIS and Multi-Criteria Method: A Case Study of Intermediate City of Punjab, Pakistan

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2016年第1期8卷 40-49页

作者： Adeel ahmad Umar Javaid Muhammad Asif javed Sajid Rashid ahmad Muhammad Abbas Jaffri Mudassar Ashfaq College of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan MM Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited Lahore Pakistan Ministry of Rural Affairs Al-Dulemia Saudi Arabia

Escalation in population over time triggered the abrupt exploitation of natural resources for human survival trough industrialization that ultimately caused splendid increase in the waste generation. This industrial development resulted in the migration of rural community toward urban areas. Management of urban waste is a great challenge for the urban administration. However, technologies have been developed to manage the waste in environmental friendly and sustainable manner. Sanitary landfill sites are one of the latest methods of disposing the municipal solid waste in an environment friendly and sustainable manner. Government and administrative authorities are adopting this technology for the management of urban solid waste. Present study is about identifying landfill sites for the Sahiwal city with an area of 1160 square kilometer and projected population of 1.57 million persons in 2016. Geographical Information System (GIS) is used for the identification of appropriate landfill site (LFS) that can fulfill the need of city in future and is selected based on the sustainable and eco-friendly criteria. The criteria are developed keeping in view the proximity from several land-use features i.e. water bodies, roads, settlements, agricultural land, bare land and existing disposal sites. The weights of the criteria are quantified using pair-wise comparison method in Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The weights are incorporated in GIS spatial data environment and are assigned to proximity threshold of each criterion. Ultimately a map for each criterion is developed highlighting suitable, least suitable, less suitable and un-suitable areas with respect to each specific criterion. These maps are spatially overlaid which result in a final map that identifies most suitable landfill sites for solid waste disposal. The five identified sites are then prioritized based on their distances from the city center and area available. All identified sites are on the bare land and con

关键词： Urbanization Urban Waste Landfill Site (LFS) GIS Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

A Class of Maximal Functions with Oscillating Kernels

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第11期23卷 2003-2016页

作者： ahmad AL-SALMAN Department of Mathematics Yarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan

The author studies the L^p mapping properties of a class of maximal functions that are related to oscillatory singular integral operators. Lp estimates, as well as the corresponding weighted estimates of such maximal ... 详细信息

关键词： oscillatory singular integrals maximal functions weighted L^p bounds power weights,parametric Marcinkiewicz integral operators Morrey spaces

Comparative field performance of some agricultural crops under a canopy of Populus deltoides and Ulmus wallichiana

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第4期24卷 783-790页

作者： Tariq Hussian Masoodi Nasir ahmad Masoodi Sajad ahmad Gangoo Shah Murtaza Mushtaq Hillal ahmad Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir

The performance of maize, beans and sunflower was evalu- ated under a canopy ofPopulus deltoides and Ulmus wallichiana at Fac- ulty of Agriculture, Wadura. The germination, growth and yield of the three test crops were suppressed under both tree species. The reduction, however, decreased when the cultivation of test crops was continued for three years. The inhibition potential generally is in the order of P del- toides 〈 U. wallichiana for maize and sunflower and P. deltoides 〉 U. wallichiana for beans. Available soil N, P and K increased under the canopy of the selected tree species. The soils under U. wallichiana were more fertile than those under P deltoides. Chromatographic investigation of extracts showed that the soils under P deltoides and U. wallichiana differed in their composition of phenolic acids and phenolic glycocides. Except for caffic acid, all other allelochemicals disappeared and were no longer recovered in soil samples obtained after the second or third year of cultivation. Tree-crop compatibility can be explored in greater detail for improved management of traditional agro-ecosystems in Kashmir to increase the overall productivity of the land.

关键词： allelopathy agroforestry phenolic acids glycocides growthperformance yield