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A Tutorial on Federated Learning from Theory to Practice:Foundations,Software Frameworks,Exemplary Use Cases,and Selected Trends

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 824-850页

作者： M.Victoria Luzón Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso Alberto Argente-Garrido Daniel Jiménez-López Jose M.Moyano jav.er del ser Weiping Ding Francisco Herrera Department of Software Engineering Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Communications Engineering University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)and also with TECNALIABasque Research&Technology Alliance(BRTA)Spain School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

When data privacy is imposed as a necessity,Federated learning(FL)emerges as a relevant artificial intelligence field for developing machine learning(ML)models in a distributed and decentralized *** allows ML models to be trained on local devices without any need for centralized data transfer,thereby reducing both the exposure of sensitive data and the possibility of data interception by malicious third *** paradigm has gained momentum in the last few years,spurred by the plethora of real-world applications that have leveraged its ability to improve the efficiency of distributed learning and to accommodate numerous participants with their data *** virtue of FL,models can be learned from all such distributed data sources while preserving data *** aim of this paper is to provide a practical tutorial on FL,including a short methodology and a systematic analysis of existing software ***,our tutorial provides exemplary cases of study from three complementary perspectives:i)Foundations of FL,describing the main components of FL,from key elements to FL categories;ii)Implementation guidelines and exemplary cases of study,by systematically examining the functionalities provided by existing software frameworks for FL deployment,devising a methodology to design a FL scenario,and providing exemplary cases of study with source code for different ML approaches;and iii)Trends,shortly reviewing a non-exhaustive list of research directions that are under active investigation in the current FL *** ultimate purpose of this work is to establish itself as a referential work for researchers,developers,and data scientists willing to explore the capabilities of FL in practical applications.

关键词： Data privacy distributed machine learning federated learning software frameworks

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Microbial phenolic metabolites are associated with better frontal lobe cognition

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Inés Domínguez-López Isabella Parilli-Moser Anna Vallverdú-Queralt Anna Tresserra-Rimbau Cinta Valls-Pedret Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz Olga Casta?er Ramon Estruch Emili Ros Rosa M.Lamuela-Raventós Lipid Clinic， Endocrinology and Nutrition service， Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer， Hospital Clínic 08036 Barcelona， Spain Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition， Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM) Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health， University of Navarra Departament de Nutrició， Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía， Facultat de Farmacia， Universitat de Barcelon (UB)， Av.de Joan XXII Department of Endocrinology， Hospital Clinic IDIBAPS， Barcelona， Spain Department of Internal Medicine， Hospital Clinic， Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)， University of Barcelona CIBer Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBerOBN)， Instituto de Salud Carlos III Institut de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA)， Universitat de Barcelona (UB)

With increasing life expectancy， neurodegenerative diseases have become one of the leading causes of ill-health in the elderly. Preventive strategies include following healthy diets， such as the Mediterranean diet， which is particularly rich in polyphenols， bioactive compounds with neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to assess the association of microbial phenolic metabolites (MPM) with cognition. This cross-sectional analysis was performed with 200 participants of the PREDIMED trial (Barcelona-Clinic recruitment center). A novel method based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to identify urinary MPM (protocatechuic acid， enterodiol glucuronide， enterolactone glucuronide， urolithin B glucuronide， and vanillic acid glucuronide)， and cognitive function was evaluated with neuropsychological tests. Multivariable-adjusted ordinary least squares regression was used to assess the associations between cognitive function and MPM， and a score was calculated as the weighted sum of MPM. A higher MPM score was associated with better frontal lobe function. Among individual metabolites， vanillic acid glucuronide was correlated with frontal cognitive performance. Participants with higher concentrations of vanillic acid glucuronide and urolithin B glucuronide obtained better scores in the Color Trail Test part 2. A higher score for urinary multi-MPM was associated with better frontal cognitive performance in an older Mediterranean population.

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Performance Analysis of a Novel Dual-Frequency Multiple Access Relay Transmission Scheme

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2009年第7期2卷 592-599页

作者： jav.er del ser Babak H. KHALAJ 不详

In this paper we present the performance analysis of a novel channel assignment scheme where two non-cooperative independent users simultaneously communicate with their destination through a single relay by using only two frequency channels. The analytic derivation of the probability of symbol error for two main relay techniques will be provided, namely Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Decode-and-Forward (DF). As shown by the obtained results, our switched-frequency approach results in a model that can achieve full- diversity by means of maximum-likelihood decoding at the receiver. Our results are especially important in the DF case, since in traditional techniques (such as half-duplex two-time slot approaches) two sources si-multaneously transmit on the same channel through the first time slot, which necessitates some sort of su-perposition coding. However, since in our scheme both users transmit over orthogonal channels, such a coding scheme is not required. In addition, it is shown that the DF approach based on our novel channel assign-ment scheme outperforms the AF scheme, especially in scenarios where the relay is closer to the receiver.

关键词： Multiple Access Relay Channel Frequency Switching Non-Cooperative Networks Maximum Likelihood Decoding

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Sequential occurrence of T790M mutation and small cell lung cancer transformation in EGFR-positive lung adenocarcinoma:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第9期10卷 2836-2843页

作者： er Hong Xi-er Chen Jia Mao Jing-Jing Zhou Ling Chen Jia-Yi Xu Wei Tao Department of Respiratory Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineAffiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityNingbo 315000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Radiology Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineAffiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityNingbo 315000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The emergence of secondary drug resistance when treating epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutated non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)using EGFRtyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs),seriously affects the therapeutic efficacy and survival of ***,we report a case of advanced NSCLC focusing on the application of multiple biopsy modalities to reveal the development of multiple resistance mechanisms during targeted *** SUMMARY A 54-year-old male patient presented with EGFR 19del-mutated advanced lung adenocarcinoma,and exhibited the development of a T790M mutation during initial TKI *** 3 mo of Osimertinib treatment,a mixed response was *** biopsy of the progressive lesion showed transformation to small cell lung cancer(SCLC)harboring RB1 and TP53 mutations,with loss of the original T790M mutation.A standard chemotherapy regimen with Anlotinib for SCLC was *** biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma combined with SCLC after tumor *** patient’s overall survival was 24 *** Multiple biopsy modalities can reveal the development of multiple resistance mechanisms which help with treatment *** treatment regimens according to the drug resistance mechanism significantly improved the prognosis of such patients.

关键词： Adenocarcinoma Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Epidermal growth factor receptor-T790M mutation Small cell lung cancer transformation Chemotherapy Case report

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油环润滑轴颈轴承

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山东轻工业学院学报（自然科学版） 1991年第3期5卷 69-74页

作者： RICHARDC.ELWELL er.B00ser 王毅山东轻工业学院机电系

油环是一种简单的、低成本的元件,它能为轴颈轴承提供主要的或辅助的润滑方法,但其运转限制却比一般的润滑方式严格得多。大部分滑动轴承的轴颈轴承是由某种系统为其提供充足的油量来润滑的。利用这些系统润滑的轴承被认为是“完全淹没... 详细信息

油环是一种简单的、低成本的元件,它能为轴颈轴承提供主要的或辅助的润滑方法,但其运转限制却比一般的润滑方式严格得多。大部分滑动轴承的轴颈轴承是由某种系统为其提供充足的油量来润滑的。利用这些系统润滑的轴承被认为是“完全淹没”在油中。通常,加压系统工作良好。但是,如果泵或电机发生故障,或者滤清器堵塞,油的供给就能减少到使轴颈摩擦接触轴承表面。如果产生了大范围的磨损,就需要更换轴承。

关键词：油环润滑轴承油环轴承

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Berberine reverses free-fatty-acid-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through targeting IKKβ

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第6期14卷 876-883页

作者： Ping Yi Fu-er Lu Li-Jun Xu Guang Chen Hui Dong Kai-Fu Wang Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei Province China Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei Province China 不详

AIM: To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of berberine on improving insulin resistance induced by free fatty acids (FFAs) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS: The model of insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was established by adding palmic acid (0.5 mmol/L) to the culture medium. Berberine treatment was performed at the same time. Glucose uptake rate was determined by the 2-deoxy-[3H]-D-glucose method. The levels of IkB kinase beta (IKKβ) ser181 phosphorylation, insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1) ser307 phosphorylation, expression of IKKβ, IRS-1, nuclear transcription factor kappaB p65 (NF-κB p65), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase p85 (PI-3K p85) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) proteins were detected by Western blotting. The distribution of NF-κB p65 proteins inside the adipocytes was observed through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS: After the intervention of palmic acid for 24 h, the insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was inhibited by 67%. Meanwhile, the expression of IRS-1 and PI-3K p85 protein was reduced, while the levels of IKKβ ser181 and IRS-1 ser307 phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 protein were increased. However, the above indexes, which indicated the existence of insulin resistance, were reversed by berberine although the expression of GLUT4, IKKβ and total NF-κB p65 protein were not changed during this study. CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance induced by FFAs in 3T3-L1 adipocytes can be improved by berberine. Berberine reversed free-fatty-acid-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through targeting IKKβ.

关键词： Berberine Insulin resistance IkB kinase beta Free fatty acid

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Euro-Asia Economic Forum Highlights Public Cultural service

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China & The World Cultural Exchange 2011年第7期77卷 4-7页

作者： Zi Yue’er

Public cultural service has gained increasing attention worldwide in recent years. It has become every government＇s top priority to build a well-developed public cultural service system, provide diverse cultural products and promote cultural consumption by the public. In one-day disccusions of the Cultural Session, participants shared each other＇s experience in public cultural service, in particular, concepts and practices of Xi＇an City. Participants reached a consensus of increasing exchanges and cooperation in the sector of public culture in the future.

关键词：文化产品服务体系聚焦论坛经济文化消费多样化西安市

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Enhancing the soil and water assessment tool model for simulating N_(2)O emissions of three agricultural systems

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第2期3卷 17-29页

作者： Qichun Yang Xuesong Zhang Michael Abraha Stephen del Grosso G.P.Robertson Jiquan Chen Joint Global Change Research Institute Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryCollege ParkMaryland 20740 USA Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824 USA W.K.Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State UniversityHickory CornersMichigan 49060 USA Agricultural Research service United States Department of AgricultureFort CollinsColorado 80526 USA Department of Plant Soiland Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824 USA Department of Geography Environmentand Spatial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824 USA

Nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)is a potent greenhouse gas(GHG)contributing to global warming,with the agriculture sector as the major source of anthropogenic N_(2)O emissions due to excessive fertilizer *** is an urgent need to enhance regional-/watershed-scale models,such as Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT),to credibly simulate N_(2)O emissions to improve assessment of environmental impacts of cropping ***,we integrated the DayCent model’s N_(2)O emission algorithms with the existing widely tested crop growth,hydrology,and nitrogen cycling algorithms in SWAT and evaluated this new tool for simulating N_(2)O emissions in three agricultural systems(i.e.,a continuous corn site,a switchgrass site,and a smooth brome grass site which was used as a reference site)located at the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center(GLBRC)scale-up fields in southwestern *** three systems represent different levels of management intensity,with corn,switchgrass,and smooth brome grass(reference site)receiving high,medium,and zero fertilizer application,*** indicate that the enhanced SWAT model with default parameterization reproduced well the relative magnitudes of N_(2)O emissions across the three sites,indicating the usefulness of the new tool(SWAT-N_(2)O)to estimate long-term N_(2)O emissions of diverse cropping ***,parameter calibration can significantly improve model simulations of seasonality of N_(2)O fluxes,and explained up to 22.5%-49.7%of the variability in field *** sensitivity analysis indicates that climate change(e.g.,changes in precipitation and temperature)influences N_(2)O emissions,highlighting the importance of optimizing crop management under a changing climate in order to achieve agricultural sustainability goals.

关键词： agriculture climate change greenhouse gas sensitivity analysis

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Adaptive Mapping Generalized Space Shift Keying Modulation

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China Communications 2012年第8期9卷 80-87页

作者： Ma Ning Wang Anguo Nie Zhong'er Qu Qianqian Ji Yuchu School of Electronic Information Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300192 P. R. China School of Electronic Engineering Tianjin University of Technology and Education Tianjin 300222 P. R. China

Generalized Space Shift Keying （GSSK） modulation is a low-complexity spatial nmltiplexing technique for nmltiple-antenna wireless systems. However, effective transmit antenna combinations have to be preselected, and there exist redundant antenna combinations which are not used in GSSK. In this paper, a novel adaptive mapping scheme for GSSK modulation, named as Adaptive Mapping Generalized Space Shift Keying （AMGSSK）, is presented. Compared with GSSK, the antenna combinations are updated adaptively according to the Channel State Inforrmtion （CSI） in the proposed AMGSSK system, and the perfonrance of average Symbol error Rate （ser） is reduced considerably. In the proposed scheme, two algorithrrs for selecting the optimum antenna combinations are described. The ser perfonmnce of AMGSSK is analyzed theoretically, and validated by Monte Carlo sinmlation. It is shown that the proposed AMGSSK scheme has good perfonmnce in ser and spectral efficiency.

关键词： multiple-input multiple-output systeros spatial modulation generalized space shift keying adaptive mapping

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伴有和不伴有脑梗死的阿尔茨海默病

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第8期1卷 44-45页

作者： del ser T. Hachinski V. Merskey H. Munoz D.G. 张玉龙 Sección de Neurologa Hospital Severo Ochoa Avda.Orellana s/n Leganés 28911 Madrid Spain

Objective: To compare the clinical and pathological features of Alzheimer’s d isease (AD) patients with and without associated cerebral infarcts (CI). Methods : The consecutive records of 57 prospectively studied demented patients fulfilli ng the CerAD criteria for the pathological diagnosis of AD were *** w ith cortical Lewy bodies were excluded. CI were found in 22 cases (39%) (AD+CI group): large infarcts (5), lacunes(13) and/or hip pocampal sclerosis (4), and were absent in 35cases (AD group). Microscopic inf arcts, cribiform change,amyloid angiopathy, and white matter rarefaction were no t considered in this classification, but were quantified. Corticalatrophy, neuro fibrillary tangle and senile plaque (diffuse and neuritic) load were also measur ed. Pathological evaluation was independent of clinical information. Clinical an d pathological data were compared between both groups. Results: AD+CI cases wer e significantly older, more commonly female, less educated, and more often had b lue collar occupations, sleep disturbances, frontal release signs, and EEG spike s than AD cases. Other differences found (acute/subacute onset, behavioral distu rbances, and leukoaraiosis on CT scan) disappeared after controlling for age. Th e frequency of known vascular risk factors and focal motor and sensory signs did not differ between the groups, which showed remarkable clinical similarity over all. The only significant differences on pathological exam were hippocampal micr oinfarcts and white matter lesions,although there was a trend for lower neurodeg enerative lesion load in the AD+CI group. The ischemic lesions were located in temporal lobe in 50%of AD+CI patients; these cases had a significantly lower n eocortical neurodegenerative lesion load than those with CI in other sites. Conc lusions: The presence of CI in AD increases significantly with age, but has scar ce influence on the clinical features, and cannot be predicted from common vascu lar risk factors.

关键词：阿尔茨海默病神经纤维缠结淀粉样血管病血管危险因素皮质萎缩大面积梗死白质病变神经变性海马硬化脑白质疏松症

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