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Dramatic decline of observed atmospheric CO_(2) and CH_(4) during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 712-722页

作者： Miao Liang Yong Zhang Qianli Ma Dajiang Yu Xiaojian Chen jason blake cohen Meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Lin’an Atmospheric Regional Background Station China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Hangzhou 311307China Longfengshan Regional Background Station China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Heilongjiang 150200China Shanxi Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Shanxi 030000China School of Environment and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China

The temporal variation of greenhouse gas concentrations in China during the COVID-19 lockdown in China is analyzed in this work using high resolution measurements of near surface ΔCO_(2),ΔCH_(4) andΔCO concentrations above the background conditions at Lin’an station(LAN),a regional background station in the Yangtze River Delta *** the pre-lockdown observational period(IOP-1),bothΔCO_(2) andΔCH_(4) exhibited a significant increasing trend relative to the 2011-2019 climatological *** reduction ofΔCO_(2),ΔCH_(4) andΔCO during the lockdown observational period(IOP-2)(which also coincided with the Chinese New Year Holiday)reached up to 15.0 ppm,14.2 ppb and 146.8 ppb,respectively,and a reduction ofΔCO_(2)/ΔCO probably due to a dramatic reduction from industrial emissions.ΔCO_(2),ΔCH_(4) and ΔCO were observed to keep declining during the post-lockdown easing phase(IOP-3),which is the synthetic result of lower than normal CO_(2) emissions from rural regions around LAN coupled with strong uptake of the terrestrial ***,the trend reversed to gradual increase for all species during the later easing phase(IOP-4),with ΔCO_(2)/ΔCO constantly increasing from IOP-2 to IOP-3 and finally IOP-4,consistent with recovery in industrial emissions associated with the staged resumption of economic *** average,ΔCO_(2) declined sharply throughout the days during IOP-2 but increased gradually throughout the days during *** findings showcase the significant role of emission reduction in accounting for the dramatic changes in measured atmosphericΔCO_(2) and ΔCH_(4) associated with the COVID-19 lockdown and recovery.

关键词： Atmospheric CO_(2) Atmospheric CH_(4) COVID-19 lockdown The Yangtze river delta

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观测约束下的煤矿区吸光气溶胶特性模拟研究

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光学学报 2024年第18期 253-263页

作者：关萝尧 cohen jason blake 秦凯王硕 Tiwari Pravash 中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院中国矿业大学碳中和研究院

利用黑碳仪、光学粒度仪和太阳光度计在山西省长治市煤矿区开展连续实地观测，结合“核-壳”假设下的米散射模型，对煤矿区吸光气溶胶光学特性进行建模，提出一种基于多源地基观测快速反演吸光气溶胶单次散射反照率（SSA）的方法，并通... 详细信息

利用黑碳仪、光学粒度仪和太阳光度计在山西省长治市煤矿区开展连续实地观测，结合“核-壳”假设下的米散射模型，对煤矿区吸光气溶胶光学特性进行建模，提出一种基于多源地基观测快速反演吸光气溶胶单次散射反照率（SSA）的方法，并通过使用吸收Angstrom指数对模拟结果进行约束，分析了不同混合状态下吸光气溶胶光学特性的变化规律。结果表明：1）煤矿区吸光气溶胶粒径分布与污染条件相关，重度污染条件下粒径较大，中度污染条件下粒径较小，其中不同污染条件均在0.28～0.3μm等较小粒径区间内存在峰值，这表明排放源对粒径分布有重要影响；2）基于“核-壳”假设的米散射模型可以模拟不同混合状态下吸光气溶胶的SSA，以440 nm粒径为例，在均匀假设下SSA为0.43～0.72，在非均匀假设下SSA为0.41～0.65，这表明使用多波段、多粒径信息可以更准确地获取吸光气溶胶光学特性；3）吸收Angstrom指数只能在部分粒径区间与SSA相匹配，且无法应用至较大粒径区间，表明通过吸收Angstrom指数评估吸光气溶胶SSA的方法会产生偏差，应综合考虑粒径分布、混合状态和波长对其产生的影响。

关键词：单次散射反照率吸光气溶胶米散射模型煤矿区

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基于TROPOMI NO_(2)、CO及HCHO重构数据的近地面O_(3)浓度估算研究

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遥感学报 2024年第9期28卷 2348-2361页

作者：陈小娟秦凯 cohen jason 何秦中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院徐州221116

以TROPOMI大气成分产品为代表的卫星遥感数据在近地面臭氧(O_(3))浓度估算中表现出很好的潜力。由于云及反演算法局限性等原因,TROPOMI的大气成分产品存在一定的数据缺失,使得基于此的近地面O_(3)浓度估算数据覆盖度较低。为此,本文采... 详细信息

以TROPOMI大气成分产品为代表的卫星遥感数据在近地面臭氧(O_(3))浓度估算中表现出很好的潜力。由于云及反演算法局限性等原因,TROPOMI的大气成分产品存在一定的数据缺失,使得基于此的近地面O_(3)浓度估算数据覆盖度较低。为此,本文采用经验正交函数分解插值法(DINEOF)对TROPOMI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO原始数据产品进行缺失像元重构,并基于重构数据产品采用极限梯度提升算法(XGBoost)估算了中国大陆地区2019年—2021年高覆盖度的日最大8 h平均O_(3)浓度(MDA8 O_(3))。对比研究了DINEOF方法对TROPOMI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO原始数据产品的缺失像元进行重构后再建模估算O_(3)的方法(方案1),使用TROPOMI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO原始数据产品并对其缺失像元赋空值并输入其他特征变量来建模估算O_(3)的方法(方案2),有TROPOMI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO原始数据产品的建模结果和无TROPOMI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO原始数据产品,只有其他特征变量的建模结果相结合的方法(方案3),均可提升O_(3)模型估算结果的覆盖度。实验表明:方案1的结果最好,其十折交叉验证R^(2)=0.86,RMSE=15.86μg/m^(3),模型精度和方案2基本一致且高于方案3,在重构区域的模型精度最高(训练集R^(2)=0.82,RMSE=15.57μg/m^(3)),且当重构区域出现O_(3)重污染时(浓度大于160μg/m^(3)),能明显改善模型高值低估现象,结果的空间分布更合理。方案1估算的2019年—2021年近地面MDA8 O_(3)的平均覆盖度从33.6%提升到97.2%,使用TROPOMI NO_(2)、CO、HCHO重构数据产品建模估算O_(3)可提升模型性能和模型结果的覆盖度。

关键词：遥感近地面O_(3) TROPOMI DINEOF XGBoost 数据重构

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卫星和地基遥感观测资料约束下的核-壳态气溶胶光学特性模拟研究

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光学学报 2024年第6期44卷 329-340页

作者：王新莹秦凯 cohen jason 王硕中山大学大气科学学院广东珠海519000 中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院江苏徐州221018 中国矿业大学碳中和研究院江苏徐州221018

针对结合星地观测与模型定量模拟消光性气溶胶光学特性及黑碳质量空间分布这一热点问题,利用TROPOMI卫星紫外波段观测数据与AERONET地基观测数据,基于“核-壳”假设下的米散射模型提出了一种准确量化黑碳气溶胶质量空间分布的模拟方法,... 详细信息

针对结合星地观测与模型定量模拟消光性气溶胶光学特性及黑碳质量空间分布这一热点问题,利用TROPOMI卫星紫外波段观测数据与AERONET地基观测数据,基于“核-壳”假设下的米散射模型提出了一种准确量化黑碳气溶胶质量空间分布的模拟方法,并对北京、中国香港、首尔三个站点的模拟结果进行分析与验证。多源数据约束后米散射模型模拟得到的结果显示:北京的吸收系数在0.04~0.13之间,中国香港的吸收系数整体小于0.08,首尔的吸收系数介于0.02~0.06之间。计算得到的黑碳气溶胶柱内质量空间分布结果显示:北京站黑碳气溶胶柱内质量在200~600 kg/grid之间,中国香港站黑碳气溶胶柱内质量在180~650 kg/grid之间,首尔站黑碳气溶胶柱内质量在300 kg/grid以下。结合卡尔曼滤波排放清单与一阶箱模型对黑碳气溶胶柱内质量结果进行间接验证,计算得到的黑碳气溶胶生命周期为1~4 d不等,符合其在大气中的真实状态,说明结果具有一定可靠性。通过对比加入TROPOMI紫外波段卫星观测数据前后对模型进行约束得到的粒径分布及吸收系数结果的差异发现:加入紫外波段观测数据对模拟结果具有一定增强作用。所提方法模拟结果良好,方案具有一定应用潜力。

关键词： TROPOMI卫星数据 AERONET 黑碳气溶胶米散射模型

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基于高分五号卫星的山西省煤炭行业甲烷点源排放特征

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煤炭学报 2024年第9期49卷 3960-3968页

作者：康涵书秦凯鹿凡胡玮许庆科恩·杰森中国矿业大学江苏省煤基温室气体减排与资源化利用重点实验室江苏徐州221008 中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院江苏徐州221116

甲烷是长效温室气体之一,其增温潜势是CO_(2)的28倍,约占全球变暖效应的16%。煤炭生产活动是中国甲烷排放的主要来源之一,作为中国主要的煤炭生产基地之一,山西省煤炭行业排放了大量甲烷。利用高分辨率遥感数据对山西省煤炭行业的甲烷... 详细信息

甲烷是长效温室气体之一,其增温潜势是CO_(2)的28倍,约占全球变暖效应的16%。煤炭生产活动是中国甲烷排放的主要来源之一,作为中国主要的煤炭生产基地之一,山西省煤炭行业排放了大量甲烷。利用高分辨率遥感数据对山西省煤炭行业的甲烷排放进行估算,可以为建立精细化的煤炭行业甲烷排放清单奠定数据基础,并为制定有效的减排措施提供科学依据。利用我国高分五号02星搭载的先进高光谱成像仪(AHSI),使用2021年10月—2023年3月的数据,探测到山西省煤炭行业等408个厂矿的838个甲烷羽流,并计算各羽流的排放速率。结果显示:①山西省煤炭行业的甲烷羽流排放速率呈现出非对称性,84%的羽流的排放速率在0.5~3.0 t/h,但也有少数极端情况,最高的排放速率超过10.0 t/h。②山西省有6个煤炭行业甲烷点源排放密集区,其中5个密集区与XCH_(4)的高值区域相对应。③检测到甲烷排放点源,以煤矿和焦化企业为最多。不同类型的排放源甲烷平均排放速率差异性较大,且排放速率会随时间和排放源的变化而波动。煤炭行业的各个环节都可能存在甲烷排放。④高度持续性排放源虽然只占所有点源的13%,但其贡献了41%的总排放速率。相反,高度间断性排放源虽然占了59%,但其只贡献了25%的总排放速率。全山西煤炭行业的甲烷综合排放速率为177.17±56.35 t/h,主要由煤矿类、焦化类和火电类企业的甲烷排放构成。

关键词： GF5B–AHSI 煤炭行业甲烷点源排放排放特征间歇性

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第4期32卷 589-604页

作者： FENG Huihui DING Ying ZOU Bin cohen jason blake YE Shuchao YANG Zhuolin QIN Kai LIU Lei GU Xiaodong School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring of Chinese Ministry of Education Changsha 410083China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116JiangsuChina College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Guangzhou Center for Rule of Green Development Law Studies Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhou 510420China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

Vegetation plays an important role in the dry deposition of particles with significant spatial variability,but the magnitude remains unclear at the global *** the aid of satellite products,this study estimated the vegetation-related dry deposition of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).Methodologically,dry deposition was first calculated using an empirical ***,deposition on the leaf surface was estimated to evaluate the influence of *** results showed that the mean deposition velocity(V_(d))of global PM_(2.5)was 0.91×10^(-3)μg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),with high velocities observed in sparsely vegetated regions because of the high friction *** the combined effect of the PM_(2.5)mass concentration and deposition velocity,the global mean dry deposition reached 0.47 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1).Global vegetation absorbed 0.26 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1)from PM_(2.5)pollution sources,contributing 54.98%of the total dry ***,vegetation-related dry deposition was high in the Amazon,Central Africa and East China due to dense vegetation coverage or serious ***,the increasing trends were mainly in Central Africa and India because of worsening air *** results of this study helped to clarify the impact of vegetation on air pollution,which supported related land management and planning for air quality improvement.

关键词： air pollution PM_(2.5) dry deposition vegetation change globe satellite

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Review and synthesis of the effects of climate change on amphibians

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第2期8卷 145-161页

作者： Yiming LI Jeremy M.cohen jason R.ROHR Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Integrative Biology University of South FloridaTampaFLUSA

Considerable progress has been made in understanding the responses of amphibians to climate change,with successful research carried out on climate change-associated shifts in amphibian phenology,elevational distributions and amphibian-parasite *** review and synthesize the literature on this topic,emphasizing acutely lethal,sublethal,indirect and positive effects of climate change on amphibians,and major research *** instance,evidence is lacking on poleward shifts in amphibian distributions and on changes in body sizes and morphologies of amphibians in response to climate *** have limited information on amphibian thermal tolerances,thermal preferences,dehydration breaths,opportunity costs of water conserving behaviors and actual temperature and moisture ranges amphibians *** when much of this information is available,there remains little evidence that climate change is acutely lethal to *** suggests that if climate change is contributing to declines,it might be through effects that are not acutely lethal,indirect,or both,but evidence in support of this suggestion is *** fact,evidence that climate change is directly contributing to amphibian declines is weak,partly because researchers have not often ruled out alternative hypotheses,such as chytrid fungus or climate-fungus ***,we recommend that amphibian-climate research shift from primarily inductive,correlational approach as to studies that evaluate alternative hypotheses for *** additional rigor will require interdisciplinary collaborations,estimates of costs and benefits of climate change to amphibian fitness and populations,and the integration of correlative field studies,experiments on‘model’amphibian species,and mathematical and functional,physiological models.

关键词： amphibian decline Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis breeding date climate-linked epidemic hypothesis global warming

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基于涡动及走航观测的晋东南煤矿区甲烷分布特征

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煤炭学报 2022年第12期47卷 4395-4402页

作者：刘艳秋秦凯 cohen blake jason 康涵书胡玮鹿凡武晓晖杨成立中国矿业大学江苏省煤基温室气体减排与资源化利用重点实验室江苏徐州221008 中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院江苏徐州221116 山西大地生态环境技术研究院有限公司山西太原030000

甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的全球第二大温室气体,在大气中的寿命仅为10 a左右,但其全球增温潜势却是CO_(2)的几十倍。大气中的甲烷体积分数可以更加迅速地对温室减排活动做出响应,相较于CO_(2)减排,控制和减少甲烷排放是短期内应对气候变化... 详细信息

甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的全球第二大温室气体,在大气中的寿命仅为10 a左右,但其全球增温潜势却是CO_(2)的几十倍。大气中的甲烷体积分数可以更加迅速地对温室减排活动做出响应,相较于CO_(2)减排,控制和减少甲烷排放是短期内应对气候变化的最有效手段之一。煤炭开采行业是我国甲烷的最主要排放源之一。在碳达峰和碳中和的国家战略需求下,控制和利用煤炭活动产生的甲烷排放,必将成为“十四五”期间我国甲烷排放控制行动的重点,厘清煤矿行业的甲烷排放特征具有重要意义。煤炭开采活动产生的甲烷排放受到地质赋存、开采方式、利用情况等众多因素影响,传统的“自下而上”排放因子清单方法不确定性较大,基于大气甲烷体积分数观测数据的“自上而下”技术正成为监测核算甲烷排放的重要方法。2021年秋冬季,采用“固定+走航”相结合的观测手段,以我国典型的甲烷高排放区(晋东南煤矿区)为实验区域,获取一手观测数据,分析并揭示近地面甲烷体积分数特征及其潜在的排放源信息。结果表明:(1)甲烷体积分数的时空变化性强,煤矿区本底甲烷体积分数值是清洁本底的近1.7倍,极端高值可达本底值的40~50倍;(2)甲烷体积分数在1 d内的变化与煤炭生产活动密切相关,逐日变化受气象扩散条件影响较大;(3)绝大多数甲烷体积分数高值位于煤矿生产相关区域,但由于扩散作用的影响,煤炭生产对甲烷体积分数时空分布影响存在一定的空间偏离性和时间滞后性。地面“固定+走航观测”手段可以提供精细化的甲烷排放特征信息,研究结论可为基于观测“自上而下”地构建煤炭行业甲烷排放清单奠定一定基础。

关键词：煤矿区甲烷分布涡动相关走航观测时空分布空间异质性排放源

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The use of a standardized Chinese herbal formula in patients with advanced lung cancer:a feasibility study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第6期16卷 390-395页

作者： Goulnar Kasymjanova Anh-Thi Tran Victor cohen Carmela Pepe Lama Sakr David Small jason Scott Agulnik Robert Thomas Jagoe Peter Brojde Lung Cancer Center Segal Cancer Center Jewish General Hospital

Objective： Increasing numbers of cancer patients are using Chinese herbs （CHs）. However, differences among prior studies make it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the clinical usefulness of any specific CH formula. The primary objective of this study was to establish the acceptability of taking a standardized CH formula for patients with advanced lung cancer. The secondary objective was to identify any toxicities attributable to this CH formula and to measure changes in quality of life. Methods： A single-arm, prospective study of a 6-week intervention with a selected CH formula in 15 patients with stage 4 nonsmall-cell lung cancer （NSCLC, Seventh American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system）. Results： Patients with advanced lung cancer were interested in using the CH formula. Completion （93%） and adherence （98%） levels were very high and most patients perceived the CH treatment as easy to take and were willing to take the CHs used in the study again if it was available. About half of the patients reported adverse events, all of which were mild （Grade 1 or 2） and only a small minority （8%） were poten- tially related to CHs. No biochemical or hematological evidence of toxicity was observed. Overall, there were improvement in quality of life, and reduced feelings of tiredness and sleepiness. Conclusion： This study provides preliminary evidence that short-term use of a carefully selected and pre- pared CH formula in patients with stage 4 NSCLC is acceptable and safe.

关键词： Lung cancer Chinese herbs Quality of life

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Recovery rates of combination antibiotic therapy using in vitro microdialysis simulating in vivo conditions

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第6期8卷 407-412页

作者： Jayesh A.Dhanani Suzanne L.Parker Jeffrey Lipman Steven C.Wallis Jeremy cohen John Fraser Adrian Barnett Michelle Chew jason A.Roberts Burns Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre The University of Queensland UQ Centre for Clinical Research Department of Intensive Care Medicine Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology Critical Care Research Group The University of Queensland Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation & School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link?ping University School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland Department of Pharmacy Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital

Microdialysis is a technique used to measure the unbound antibiotic concentration in the interstitial spaces, the target site of action. In vitro recovery studies are essential to calibrating the microdialysis system for in vivo studies. The effect of a combination of antibiotics on recovery into microdialysate requires investigation. In vitro microdialysis recovery studies were conducted on a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin, in a simulated in vivo model. Comparison was made between recoveries for three different concentrations and three different perfusate flow rates. The overall relative recovery for vancomycin was lower than that of tobramycin. For tobramycin, a concentration of 20μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min had the best recovery. A concentration of 5.0μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min yielded maximal recovery for vancomycin. Large molecular size and higher protein binding resulted in lower relative recoveries for vancomycin. Perfusate flow rates and drug concentrations affected the relative recovery when a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin was tested. Low perfusate flow rates were associated with higher recovery rates. For combination antibiotic measurement which includes agents that are highly protein bound, in vitro studies performed prior to in vivo studies may ensure the reliable measurement of unbound concentrations.

关键词： Microdialysis Combination antibiotic therapy Relative recovery rate Pharmacokinetics Anti-infectives Protein binding

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