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Cyanobacteria Grow.h in Nitrogen- &Phosphorus-Spiked w.ter from a Hypereutrophic Reservoir in Kentucky, USA

Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第2期12卷 75-89页

作者： Sarah E. Hughes jason w. marion Department of Environmental Health Science College of Health Sciences Eastern Kentucky University Richmond KY USA

Cyanobacteria may adversely impact aquatic ecosystems through oxygen depletion and cyanotoxin production. These cyanotoxins can also harm human health and livestock. In recent years, cyanobacterial blooms have been observed in several drinking w.ter reservoirs in Kentucky, United States. In Kentucky, the paradigm is that phosphorous is the limiting nutrient for cyanobacteria grow.h. To explore this paradigm, an indoor microcosm study w.s conducted using hypereutrophic Guist Creek Lake w.ter. Samples w.re collected and spiked w.th various combinations of locally used agricultural grade fertilizers, including ammonium nitrate, urea, and triple phosphate (calcium dihydrogen phosphate). Samples w.re incubated indoors for the photoperiod-specific to the time of the year. Cyanobacteria density, measured by phycocyanin, did not demonstrate increased grow.h w.th the addition of phosphate fertilizer alone. Cyanobacteria grow.h w.s enhanced in these conditions by the combined addition of ammonium nitrate, urea, and phosphorus fertilizer. Grow.h also occurred w.en using either ammonium nitrate or urea fertilizer w.th no additional phosphorus input, suggesting that phosphorus w.s not limiting the cyanobacteria at the time of sample collection. The addition of both nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and urea) at the concentrations used in this study, in the absence of phosphorus, w.s deleterious to both the Chlorophyta and cyanobacteria. The results suggest further studies using more robust experimental designs are needed to explore lake-specific dual nutrient management strategies for preventing cyanobacterial blooms in this phosphorus-rich hypereutrophic lake and possibly other hypereutrophic lakes.

关键词： Nutrient Limitation Eutrophication Harmful Algal Bloom Fertilization Primary Productivity Phosphorous Loading Nitrate Loading Cyanobacteria Bloom

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Brain differences in ecologically differentiatec sticklebacks

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 243-250页

作者： jason KEAGY Victoria A. BRAITHw.ITE Janette w. BOUGHMAN Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Center for Brain Behavior and Cognition Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Program in Ecology Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Populations that have recently diverged offer a pow.rful model for studying evolution. Ecological differences are expected to generate divergent selection on multiple traits, including neurobiological ones. Animals must detect, process, and act on information from their surroundings and the form of this information can be highly dependent on the environment. w. might expect different environments to generate divergent selection not only on the sensory organs, but also on the brain regions responsible for processing sensory information. Here, w. test this hypothesis using recently evolved reproductively isolated species pairs of threespine stickleback fish Gasterosteus aculeatus that have w.ll-described differences in many morphological and behavioral traits corre- lating w.th ecological differences. w. use a state-of-the-art method, magnetic resonance imaging, to get accurate volumetric data for 2 sensory processing regions, the olfactory bulbs and optic tecta. w. found a tight correlation betw.en ecology and the size of these brain regions relative to total brain size in 2 lakes w.th intact species pairs. Limnetic fish, w.ich rely heavily on vision, had relatively larger optic tecta and smaller olfactory bulbs compared w.th benthic fish, w.ich utilize olfaction to a greater extent. Benthic fish also had larger total brain volumes relative to their body size compared w.th limnetic fish. These differences w.re erased in a collapsed species pair in Enos Lake w.ere anthropogenic disturbance has led to intense hybridization. Together these data indicate that evolution of sensory processing regions can occur rapidly and independently.

关键词： brain evolution divergent selection magnetic resonance imaging olfactory bulb optic tectum threespinestickleback.

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w.ere physics meets chemistry： Thin film deposition from reactive plasmas

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 441-458页

作者： Andrew.Michelmore jason D. w.ittle James w. Bradley Robert D. Short School of Engineering University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Australia SA 5095 Future Industries Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Australia SA 5095 Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 3GJ UK Material Science Institute Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW UK

Functionalising surfaces using polymeric thin films is an industrially important field. One technique for achieving nanoscale, controlled surface functionalization is plasma deposition. Plasma deposition has advantages over other surface engineering processes, including that it is solvent free, substrate and geometry independent, and the surface properties of the film can be designed by judicious choice of precursor and plasma conditions. Despite the utility of this method, the mechanisms of plasma polymer grow.h are generally unknow., and are usually described by chemical （i.e., radical） pathw.ys. In this review. w. aim to show.that plasma physics drives the chemistry of the plasma phase, and surface-plasma interactions. For example, w. show.that ionic species can react in the plasma to form larger ions, and also arrive at surfaces w.th energies greater than 1000 kJ·mol^-1 （〉10 eV） and thus facilitate surface reactions that have not been taken into account previously. Thus, improving thin film deposition processes requires an understanding of both physical and chemical processes in plasma.

关键词： thin films plasma physics plasma chemistry,functionalization polymer

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The significance of midsummer movements of Autographa gamma： Implications for a mechanistic understanding of orientation behavior in a migrant moth

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 360-370页

作者： jason w. CHAPMAN Ka S. LIM Don R. REYNOLDS Department ofAgroEcology Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Chatham Kent ME4 4TB UK

The silver Y moth Autographa gamma undertakes w.ndbome spring and fall migrations betw.en w.nter breeding re- gions around the Mediterranean and summer breeding regions in northern Europe. Flight behaviors facilitating these migrations include：（i） selection of seasonally-favorable tailw.nds; （ii） flying at the altitude of the fastest w.nds; （iii） adopting flight headings that partially counteract crossw.nd drift; and （iv） seasonal reversal of preferred directions betw.en spring and fall. In the UK, ra- dar measurements indicate that migratory activity is pronounced during the spring and fall, but is usually very low.during mid- summer （July）. How.ver, an atypically intense period of high-altitude flight w.s recorded during July 2006, and in this study w. compare the flight behavior of A. gamma during these midsummer movements w.th the more typical spring and fall migrations. During July 2006, activity w.s most intense at significantly low.r altitudes than occurred in spring or fall, and w.s not associated w.th the height of the fastest w.nds; consequently displacement speeds w.re significantly slow.r. The most striking difference w.s an absence of tailw.nd selectivity in July w.th w.ndborne movements occurring on almost every night of the month and on tailw.nds from all directions. Finally, orientation behavior w.s quantitatively different during July, w.th significantly greater dis- persion of flight headings and displacements than observed in spring and fall. w. discuss mechanisms w.ich could have caused these differences, and conclude that a lack of appropriate photopcriod cues during development of the summer generation resulted in randomly-oriented ＇dispersive＇ movements that w.re strikingly different from typical seasonal migrations .

关键词： Long-range migration Dispersal High-altitude flight Photoperiod Entomological radar Noctuid moths

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Interaction of obesity and inflammatory bow.l disease

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w.rld Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第35期22卷 7868-7881页

作者： jason w.Harper Timothy L Zisman Department of Gastroenterology Swedish Medical CenterWA 98195United States Inflammatory Bow.l Disease Program Division of GastroenterologyUniversity of Washington Medical CenterSeattleWA98195 United States

Inflammatory bow.l disease(IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of unknow. etiology that is thought to result from a combination of genetic, immunologic and environmental factors. The incidence of IBD has been increasing in recent decades, especially in developing and developed nations, and this is hypothesized to be in part related to the change in dietary and lifestyle factors associated w.th modernization. The prevalence of obesity has risen in parallel w.th the rise in IBD, suggesting a possible shared environmental link betw.en these tw. conditions. Studies have show. that obesity impacts disease development and response to therapy in patients w.th IBD and other autoimmune conditions. The observation that adipose tissue produces pro-inflammatory adipokines provides a potential mechanism for the observed epidemiologic links betw.en obesity and IBD, and this has developed into an active area of investigative inquiry. Additionally, emerging evidence highlights a role for the intestinal microbiota in the development of both obesity and IBD, representing another potential mechanistic connection betw.en the tw. conditions. In this review.w. discuss the epidemiology of obesity and IBD, possible pathophysiologic links, and the clinical impact of obesity on IBD disease course and implications for management.

关键词： Inflammatory bow.l disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Obesity Body mass index

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THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF EMERGENT TECHNOLOGY IN ELT CLASSROOMS: HOw.THE "BLOG" CAN CHANGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

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中国英语教学：英文版 2004年第3期27卷 101-106页

作者： w. jason Reagin Suzhou Singapore International School

The classic picture of the ELT (English Language Teaching) classroom is one in w.ich there are row. of desks, a blackboard,students, a teacher, paper and pencils. Even w.th the advent of instantaneous information via the w.rld w.de w.b, the ELT classroom remains relatively unchanged. How.ver, the w.nds of change are upon the ELT profession. Many educators are now.taking advantage of the vastness of the Internet. Moreover,most teachers are using the Internet for planning, research and the exchange of ideas. There is so much more to be found and used. If harnessed correctly and constructively, the Internet can be a priceless tool for the ELT classroom. This paper w.ll discus scurrent practices for reading and w.iting in the ELT setting, and more specifw.lly, the use of "w.b logs" or "blogs" in the ELT classroom. First, a discussion covering common methods used in most ELT classes and move to a more progressive approach to alternative assessment, portfolio assessment, and ***, an explanation of this technology, its uses, and potential w.ll be given. Finally, suggestions for use, ideas, and links w.ll be listed. The sky is truly the limit w.ere the ELT profession is going and it is an exciting time to be involved.

关键词：英语教学教学方法课堂教学教学资源

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AN APPROACH TOw.RDS HOLISM IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2010年第3期19卷 285-305页

作者： jason SHERw.N Department of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

This paper posits the desirability of a shift tow.rds a holistic approach over reductionist approaches in the understanding of complex phenomena encountered in science and engineering. An argument based on set theory is used to analyze three examples that illustrate the shortcomings of the reductionist approach. Using these cases as motivational points, a holistic approach to understand complex phenomena is proposed, w.ereby the human brain acts as a template to do so. Recognizing the need to maintain the transparency of the analysis provided by reductionism, a promising computational approach is offered by w.ich the brain is used as a template for understanding complex phenomena. Some of the details of implementing this approach are also addressed.

关键词： Reductionism holism agent-based modeling linearizations multi-disciplinary optimization complex phenomena understanding Markov-chain vector space hierarchical temporal memories neuroscience-influenced computing

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Flux measurements of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the tumors of mice

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Life Metabolism 2023年第3期2卷 8-9页

作者： Shiyu Liu jason w.Locasale Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNC 27710United States

Measurements of metabolic reactions under physiological conditions have been a challenging *** a recent issue of Nature,Bartman et *** an isotope-labeling-based method to measure tricarboxylic acid(TCA)fluxes in normal tissue and tumors in *** method revealed that primary tumors exhibit low.r TCA fluxes compared w.th normal tissue,consistent w.th current *** also found that solid tumors generally exhibit low.r energy production *** methodologies to study metabolism in animals provide a limited number of flux measurements,such as oxygen consumption,carbon dioxide release,and energy production[1].

关键词： metabolism tumors dioxide

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Rapid, continuous projection multi-photon 3D printing enabled by spatiotemporal focusing of femtosecond pulses

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第10期10卷 1987-1997页

作者： Paul Somers Zihao Liang jason E.Johnson Bryan w.Boudouris Liang Pan Xianfan Xu School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Charles D.Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Chemistry Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA

There is demand for scaling up 3D printing throughput,especially for the multi-photon 3D printing process that provides sub-micrometer structuring capabilities required in diverse *** this w.rk,high-speed projection multiphoton printing is combined w.th spatiotemporal focusing for fabrication of 3D structures in a rapid,layer-by-layer,and continuous *** focusing confines printing to thin layers,thereby achieving print thicknesses on the micron and sub-micron *** projection of dynamically varying patterns w.th no pause betw.en patterns,a continuous fabrication process is established.A numerical model for computing spatiotemporal focusing and imaging is also presented w.ich is verified by optical imaging and printing *** 3D structures w.th smooth features are fabricated,w.th millimeter scale printing realized at a rate above 10−3 mm3 s−*** method is further scalable,indicating its potential to make fabrications of 3D structures w.th micro/nanoscale features in a practical time scale a reality.

关键词： projection continuous thereby

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Repairing peripheral nerve injury using tissue engineering techniques

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1393-1394页

作者： Ernest w.w.ng Jun Zhang jason H.Huang Department of Neurosurgery Baylor Scott & White Department of Neurosurgery PLA General Hospital

Each year approximately 360,000 people in the United States suffer a peripheral nerve injury （PNI）, w.ich is a leading source of lifelong disability （Kelsey et al., 1997; Noble et al., 1998）. The most frequent cause of PNIs is motor vehicle accidents, w.ile gunshot w.unds, stabbings, and birth trauma are also common factors. Patients suffering from disabilities as a result of their PNIs are also burdensome to the healthcare system, w.th aver- age hospital stays of 28 days each year （Kelsey et al., 1997; Noble et al., 1998）.

关键词： PNI Repairing peripheral nerve injury using tissue engineering techniques DRG

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