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Cytokines from the pig conceptus:roles in conceptus development in pigs

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 130-141页

作者： Rodney D Geisert Matthew C Lucy Jeffrey J whyte jason w ross Daniel J Mathew Animal Sciences Research Center University of Missouri Department of Animal Science Iowa State University

Establishment of pregnancy in pigs involves maintaining progesterone secretion from the corpora lutea in addition to regulating a sensitive interplay between the maternal immune system and attachment of the rapidly expanding trophoblast for nutrient absorption. The peri-implantation period of rapid trophoblastic elongation followed by attachment to the maternal uterine endometrium is critical for establishing a sufficient placental-uterine interface for subsequent nutrient transport for fetal survival to term, but is also marked by the required conceptus release of factors involved with stimulating uterine secretion of histotroph and modulation of the maternal immune system. Many endometrial genes activated by the conceptus secretory factors stimulate a tightly controlled proinflammatory response within the uterus. A number of the cytokines released by the elongating conceptuses stimulate inducible transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B （NFKB） potentially regulating the maternal uterine proinflammatory and immune response. This review will establish the current knowledge for the role of conceptus cytokine production and release in early development and establishment of pregnancy in the pig.

关键词： Cytokines Embryo development Porcine conceptus Pregnancy Prostaglandins uterus

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Phenotypic and genomic relationships between vulva score categories and reproductive performance in first-parity sows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 479-491页

作者： Flor-Anita Corredor Leticia P.Sanglard jason w.ross Aileen F.Keating Richard J.Leach Nick V.L.Serão Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Iowa Pork Industry Center Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Background:One of the biggest challenges in the swine industry is to increase female reproductive ***,vulva score categories(VSC),assessed prior to puberty,has been proposed as an indicator trait of efficient reproductive performance in *** objective of this study was to validate the use of VSC as an indicator trait for reproductive performance,and to perform genetic and genomic analyses for ***:The phenotypic relationship of VSC,using a three-point scale:small(VSC-S),medium(VSC-M),and large(VSC-L),on reproductive performance was evaluated on three *** was measured at 15 weeks of age,for farms 1 and 2,and at 14 weeks of age for farm 3 on 3981 Yorkshire gilts,in which 1083 had genotypes(~50 K SNPs).Genetic parameters for VSC with reproductive traits were estimated using ssGBLUP.A Genome-wide association study(GwAS)for VSC was performed using ***:For the phenotypic analysis of VSC across datasets,differences in performance were identified there was a significant effect(P≤0.05)for the interaction between Farm and VSC for total number dead(TND),and a trend(Pwere significant(P≤0.05)pre-defined contrasts of VSC-S versus VSC-M+L on TNB,number born alive(NBA),TND,number of stillborn(NSB),and number of mummies(MUM).Heritability estimates for VSC as a categorical trait(VSCc)and a quantitative trait(VSCq)were 0.40±0.02 and 0.83±0.02,respectively,for across farm,0.13±0.07 and 0.20±0.10,respectively,for Farm1,0.07±0.07 and 0.09±0.09,respectively,for Farm2,and 0.20±0.03 and 0.34±0.05,respectively,for *** across farms,favorable genetic correlations estimates were found for TNB(0.28±0.19)and NBA(0.26±0.17).within farms,moderate genetic correlations between VSC with reproductive traits were found for TNB(0.61±0.47)and MUM(0.69±0.47)for farm 1,for number of services until first farrow(NS;0.69±0.38)and unique service with successful first farrow(SFS;−0.71±0.38)for farm *** genomic regions

关键词： Genetic parameters GwAS Reproduction Swine Vulva

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Sex differences in cognition and their relationship to male mate choice

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 285-293页

作者： jason KEAGY ross MINTER Robin M.TINGHITEELLA Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA Department of Biological Sciences University of DenverDenverCOUSA

Male cognition has gained recognition as an important potential player in sexual selection. A number of studies have found positive correlations between male sexual signals and cognitive performance an d/or female pref ere nces for males with better cog nitive performance, although other studies have not fou nd these relati on ships. Sex roles can differ dramatically, and sex differen ces in selection on cog nition likely follow from the different tasks associated with these sex roles. Here, using threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, a species with clearly diverge nt sex roles and mutual mate choice, we focus on the cognitive trait inhibitory control because males must differentially respond to reproductive females versus other sticklebacks while defending territories and refrain from eating eggs and fry while performing paternal care. we presented fish with a detour task four times over a period of 7 days, allowing us to assess initial inhibitory control and improvement over time. we ask 1) whether there are sex differences in inhibitory control and 2) whether male mate choice is associated with female inhibitory control. Although males outperformed females on three different measures of detour task performance across four trials, these differences were largely explained by males being less neophobic than females. Females took more trials to successfully solve the detour task, even after accounting for sex differences in neophobia. Female cognitive abilities, however, were unrelated to the vigor with which males courted them. The equivocal results regarding sex differences in cognitive ability suggest further study given the very different selection pressures each sex experiences.

关键词： cognition detour task mutual mate choice sexual selection threespine stickleback

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The alternative of CubeSat-based advanced infrared and microwave sounders for high impact weather forecasting

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2019年第2期12卷 80-90页

作者： LI Zhenglong LI Jun SCHMIT Timothy J. wANG Pei LIM Agnes LI Jinlong NAGLE Fredrick w. BAI wenguang OTKIN jason A. ATLAS Robert HOFFMAN ross N. BOUKABARA Sid-Ahmed ZHU Tong BLACKwELL william J. PAGANO Thomas S. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Satellite Applications and Research National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Ocean and Atmospheric Research/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of Miami Center for Satellite Applications and Research National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration College Park Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Colorado State University Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

The advanced infrared(IR) and microwave(Mw) sounding systems have been providing atmospheric sounding information critical for nowcasting and improving weather forecasts through data assimilation in numerical weather prediction. In recent years, advanced IR and Mw sounder systems are being proposed to be onboard CubeSats that are much more cost efficient than traditional satellite systems. An impact study using a regional Observing System Simulation Experiment on a local severe storm(LSS) was carried out to evaluate the alternative of using advanced Mw and IR sounders for high-impact weather forecasting in mitigating the potential data gap of the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder(ATMS) and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder(CrIS) on the Suomi-NPP(SNPP) or Joint Polar Satellite System(JPSS). It was found that either MicroMAS-2 or the CubeSat Infrared Atmospheric Sounder(CIRAS) on a single CubeSat was able to provide a positive impact on the LSS forecast, and more CubeSats with increased data coverage yielded larger positive ***-2 has the potential to mitigate the loss of ATMS, and CIRAS the loss of CrIS, on SNPP or JPSS, especially when multiple CubeSats are launched. There are several approximations and limitations to the present study, but these represent efficiencies appropriate to the principal goal of the study — gauging the relative values of these sensors.

关键词： OSSE Cubesat sounder high-impact weather

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