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Description of the song of the Nilgiri thrush(Zoothera [aurea] neilgherriensis) and song differentiation across the Zoothera dauma species complex

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 273-279页

作者： jason t.weir Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Department of Natural History Royal Ontario Museum

Background: taxonomic treatment of the Zoothera dauma species complex is highly variable and has been hampered by the absence of song recordings for the Nilgiri thrush(Zoothera [aurea] neilgherriensis).Methods: I obtained two recordings of the song of neigherriensis from southern Indian. Here I publish sonograms and analyze song recordings for all but one currently described taxon from the Eurasian portion of the geographic range of this species complex. Principal component analyses were used to investigate song differences between ***: the song of neigherriensis is a highly complex series of strophes remarkably similar to the song of the insular Zoothera major. Vocal analyses across the complex indicate four key groups of taxa differentiated in their songs:(1) simple flat whistled songs which include the northern aurea, toratugumi and the undescribed taiwan population;(2) eastern populations of dauma(reported here for the first time) which sing like northern birds but with much broader bandwidth,(3) strongly down-slurred, thin whistles of tropical resident imbricata of Sri Lanka and horsfieldi of Indonesia, and(4) highly complex songs of Himalayan dauma, neilgherriensis and ***: Zoothera dauma is unlikely to represent a single species given the simple singing populations from its eastern range and highly complex song from the Himalayan portion of its range. neilgherriensis should either be transferred from Zoothera aurea, where it is currently classified as a subspecies, and be placed as a subspecies within Z. dauma from the Himalayas or it should be recognized as a distinct species. Given the small number of songs available for analyses, I suggest the former course until it can be clearly demonstrated that neilgherriensis and Himalayan dauma are vocally distinct.

关键词： Nilgiri thrush neilgherriensis Zoothera dauma Song taxonomy

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No signature of selection on the C-terminal region of glucose transporter 2 with the evolution of avian nectarivory

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Avian Research 2020年第4期11卷 380-390页

作者： Alexander M.Myrka tooba Shah jason t.weir Kenneth C.Welch Jr. Department of Cell and Systems Biology University of Toronto25 Harbord St.TorontoON M5S 3G5Canada Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough1265 Military TrailTorontoON M1C 1A4Canada Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Scarborough1265 Military TrailTorontoON M1C 1A4Canada

Background:Flying birds,especially those that hover,need to meet high energetic *** that meet this demand through nectarivory face the added challenges of maintaining homeostasis in the face of spikes in blood sugar associated with nectar meals,as well as transporting that sugar to energetically demanding *** has evolved many times in birds and we hypothesized that the challenges of this dietary strategy would exert selective pressure on key aspects of metabolic ***,we hypothesized we would find convergent or parallel amino acid substitutions among different nectarivorous lineages in a protein important to sensing,regulating,and transporting glucose,glucose transporter 2(GLUt2).Methods:Genetic sequences for GLUt2 were obtained from ten pairs of nectarivorous and non-nectarivorous sister *** performed PCR amplification of the intracellular C-terminal domain of GLUt2 and adjacent protein domains due to the role of this region in determination of transport rate,substrate specificity and ***:Our findings have ruled out the C-terminal regulatory region of GLUt2 as a target for selection by sugar-rich diet among avian nectarivores,though selection among hummingbirds,the oldest avian nectarivores,cannot be ***:Our results indicate future studies should examine down-stream targets of GLUt2-mediated glucosensing and insulin secretion,such as insulin receptors and their targets,as potential sites of selection by nectarivory in birds.

关键词： GLUt2 Nectarivory Avian Glucosensing Glucose Diet Insulin signalling

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Bone tissue engineering via nanostructured calcium phosphate biomaterials and stem cells

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Bone Research 2014年第3期2卷 139-151页

作者： Ping Wang Liang Zhao jason Liu Michael D weir Xuedong Zhou Hockin H K Xu Biomaterials & tissue Engineering Division Department of Endodontics Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Mechanical Engineering Department University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore MD 21250 USA Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA

tissue engineering is promising to meet the increasing need for bone regeneration. Nanostructured calcium phosphate （CAP） biomaterials/scaffolds are of special interest as they share chemical/crystallographic similarities to inorganic components of bone. three applications of nano-CaP are discussed in this review： nanostructured calcium phosphate cement （CPC）; nano-CaP composites; and nano-CaP coatings. the interactions between stem cells and nano-CaP are highlighted, including cell attachment, orientation/ morphology, differentiation and in vivo bone regeneration. Several trends can be seen：（i） nano-CaP biomaterials support stem cell attachment/proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation, in some cases even without osteogenic supplements; （ii） the influence of nano-CaP surface patterns on cell alignment is not prominent due to non-uniform distribution of nano-crystals; （iii） nano-CaP can achieve better bone regeneration than conventional CaP biomaterials; （iv） combining stem cells with nano-CaP accelerates bone regeneration, the effect of which can be further enhanced by growth factors; and （v） cell microencapsulation in nano-CaP scaffolds is promising for bone tissue engineering. these understandings would help researchers to further uncover the underlying mechanisms and interactions in nano-CaP stem cell constructs in vitro and in vivo, tailor nano-CaP composite construct design and stem cell type selection to enhance cell function and bone regeneration, and translate laboratory findings to clinical treatments.

关键词： CPC Bone tissue engineering via nanostructured calcium phosphate biomaterials and stem cells stem

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Astrocytic role of thy-1 induced inhibition of axonal sprouting

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1192-1193页

作者： Sara t.Whiteman jason M.Askvig Department of Biology Concordia CollegeMoorheadMNUSA

thy-1 as an“anti-sprouting”factor:Since the identification of thy-1(CD-90)in 1964 by Reif and Allen,the precise functions of this glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored surface protein within the central nervous system have been difficult to ***-1 is a 110-amino acid cellular adhesion molecule that plays a role in cell-cell communication by interacting with other cellular adhesion molecules,including integrins(Leyton et al.,2001).While found on a diverse array of cells within the body,thy-1 is present on the surface of almost every neuron in the brain(Morris and Grosveld,1989).

关键词： precise system interacting

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Utility of positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan in detecting residual hepatocellular carcinoma post treatment:Series of case reports

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2020年第3期12卷 358-364页

作者： jason t Cheng Nelly E tan Michael L Volk transplantation Institute Loma Linda University Medical CenterSan BernardinoCA 92408United States Department of Radiology Loma Linda University Medical CenterLoma LindaCA 92354United States

BACKGROUND Multi-phase computed tomography(Ct)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been the standard of care for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)diagnosis for *** SUMMARY We report a case series of four patients in whom positron emission tomographycomputed tomography(PEt-Ct)scan complemented the conventional Ct/MRI scans in evaluating treatment *** these four cases the conventional multi-phase Ct and MRI failed to identify residual HCC disease post-treatment,while PEt-Ct complemented and aided in treatment response *** each case,the addition of PEt-Ct identified and located residual HCC disease,allowed retreatment,and altered medical *** this case series suggests that PEt-Ct should perhaps play a role in the HCC management algorithm,in addition to the conventional contrast-enhanced multiphase scans.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Positron emission tomography Contrast-enhanced multiphase scan Cirrhosis Residual cancer treatment response evaluation Case series

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Using Folding Ensemble and Stem Probability Maximization Methods to Predict RNA H-type Pseudoknots

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tsinghua Science and technology 2012年第6期17卷 691-700页

作者： Junilda Spirollari Shawn Xiong Wang jason t.L. Wang Bioinformatics Program Department of Computer Science New Jersey Institute of Technology University Heights Department of Computer Science California State University

We present in this paper an ab initio method, named KnotFold, for RNA H-type pseudoknot prediction. Our method employs an ensemble of RNA folding tools and a filtering heuristic to generate a set of pseudoknot-free stems, and then predicts pseudoknots by utilizing a search technique with a pseudo-probability scoring scheme. Experimental results show that KnotFold achieves higher sensitivity than existing methods. the KnotFold package with documentation is freely available at http：//***/KnotFold.

关键词： RNA structure pseudoknots tool ensemble

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Characterization and genetic manipulation of primed stem cells into a functional na?ve state with ESRRB

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第10期8卷 355-366页

作者： Ricardo Antonio Rossello Andreas Pfenning jason t Howard Ute Hochgeschwender Department of Science and technology Sistema Universitario Ana G. Méndez Metropolitan University San Juan 00928 Puerto Rico Department of Biochemistry University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus San Juan 00921 Puerto Rico Massachusetts Institute of technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States Howard Hughes Medical Institute Chevy Chase MD 20815-6789 United States Duke Neurotransgenic Laboratory Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 United States

AIM to identify differences between primed mouse embryonic stem cells(ESCs) and fully functional naive ESCs; to manipulate primed cells into a naive state. MEtHODS We have cultured 3 lines of cells from different mouse strains that have been shown to be naive or primed as determined by generating germline-transmitting *** were put through a battery of tests to measure the different features. RNA from cells was analyzed using microarrays, to determine a priority list of the differentially expressed genes. these were later validated by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction. Viral cassettes were created to induce expression of differentially expressed genes in the primed cells through lentiviral transduction. Primed reprogrammed cells were subjected to in-vivo incorporation *** Most results show that both primed and naive cells have similar features(morphology, proliferation rates, stem cell genes expressed). However, there were some genes that were differentially expressed in the na?ve cells relative to the primed cells. Key upregulated genes in na?ve cells include ESRRB, ERAS, AtRX, RNF17, KLF-5, and MYC. After over-expressing some of these genes the primed cells were able to incorporate into embryos in-vivo, re-acquiring a feature previously absent in these cells. CONCLUSION Although there are no notable phenotypic differences, there are key differences in gene expression between these na?ve and primed stem cells. these differences can be overcome through overexpression.

关键词： ESRRB ERAS Induced stem cells Overexpression C-myc

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DeepSun:machine-learning-as-a-service for solar flare prediction

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第7期21卷 51-61页

作者： Yasser Abduallah jason t.L.Wang Yang Nie Chang Liu Haimin Wang Institute for Space Weather Sciences New Jersey Institute of TechnologyUniversity HeightsNewarkNJ 07102-1982USA Department of Computer Science New Jersey Institute of TechnologyUniversity HeightsNewarkNJ 07102-1982USA Big Bear Solar Observatory New Jersey Institute of Technology40386 North Shore LaneBig Bear CityCA 92314-9672USA Center for Solar-terrestrial Research New Jersey Institute of TechnologyUniversity HeightsNewarkNJ 07102-1982USA

Solar flare prediction plays an important role in understanding and forecasting space *** main goal of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager(HMI), one of the instruments on NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory, is to study the origin of solar variability and characterize the Sun's magnetic *** provides continuous full-disk observations of the solar vector magnetic field with high cadence data that lead to reliable predictive capability;yet, solar flare prediction effort utilizing these data is still limited. In this paper, we present a machine-learning-as-a-service(MLaa S) framework, called Deep Sun,for predicting solar flares on the web based on HMI's data products. Specifically, we construct training data by utilizing the physical parameters provided by the Space-weather HMI Active Region Patch(SHARP)and categorize solar flares into four classes, namely B, C, M and X, according to the X-ray flare catalogs available at the National Centers for Environmental Information(NCEI). thus, the solar flare prediction problem at hand is essentially a multi-class(i.e., four-class) classification problem. the Deep Sun system employs several machine learning algorithms to tackle this multi-class prediction problem and provides an application programming interface(API) for remote programming users. to our knowledge, Deep Sun is the first MLaa S tool capable of predicting solar flares through the internet.

关键词： Sun:flares Sun:activity methods:data analysis

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Long non-coding RNAs regulation of therapeutic resistance

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第3期2卷 550-567页

作者： Susan tsang tajhal Patel jason t.Yustein Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Program Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Pediatrics Texas Children’s Cancer CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030USA.

Non-protein coding RNAs have emerged as a regulator of cell signaling and cancer progression through regulation of cell proliferation,metastatic burden,and cancer stem cell capacity.A subtype of non-protein coding RNA is long non-protein coding RNA(lncRNA).Besides their aforementioned roles in cancer cell biology,dysregulation of lncRNAs contribute to resistance to therapeutic treatments.A couple of important therapeutic classes are chemotherapy and targeted/hormone *** review highlights the variety of malignancies affected by lncRNA dysregulation and the underlying mechanism causing therapeutic resistance.

关键词： Long non-protein coding RNA cancer chemotherapeutic resistance target therapeutics hormone therapy and microRNA sponge

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Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass in the tropical woodlands of Ghana, West Africa

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 539-561页

作者： Raymond Aabeyir Stephen Adu-Bredu Wilson Agyei Agyare Michael J.C.weir Department of Environment and Resource Studies UDS-Wa CampusWaGhana WASCAL Graduate Research Programme on Climate Change and Land Use KNUSTKumasiGhana Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Division CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of GhanaKumasiGhana Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering KNUSTKumasiGhana Department of Natural Resources Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation(ITC)University of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands

Background: Modelling aboveground biomass(AGB) in forest and woodland ecosystems is critical for accurate estimation of carbon stocks. However, scarcity of allometric models for predicting AGB remains an issue that has not been adequately addressed in Africa. In particular, locally developed models for estimating AGB in the tropical woodlands of Ghana have received little attention. In the absence of locally developed allometric models, Ghana will continue to use tier 1 biomass data through the application of pantropic models. Without local allometric models it is not certain how Ghana would achieve tier 2 and 3 levels under the United Nations programme for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. the objective of this study is to develop a mixedspecies allometric model for use in estimating AGB for the tropical woodlands in Ghana. Destructive sampling was carried out on 745 trees(as part of charcoal production) for the development of allometric equations. Diameter at breast height(dbh, i.e. 1.3 m above ground level), total tree height(H) and wood density(ρ) were used as predictors for the models. Seven models were compared and the best model selected based on model efficiency,bias(%) and corrected Akaike Information Criterion. the best model was validated by comparing its results with those of the pantropic model developed by Chave et al.(Glob Chang Biol 20:3177–3190, 2014) using equivalence test and conventional paired ***: the results revealed that the best model for estimating AGB in the tropical woodlands is AGB =0.0580ρ((dbh)2 H)0.999. the equivalence test showed that this model and the pantropic model developed by Chave et al.(Glob Chang Biol 20:3177–3190, 2014) were equivalent within ±10% of their mean predictions(p-values tailed t-tests for both lower and upper bounds at 5% significant level), while the paired t-test revealed that the mean(181.44 ± 18.25 kg) of the model predictions of the best model of this s

关键词： Charcoal Diameter at breast height tree height Wood density Savannah woodland

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