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Hybridization and the species problem in conservation

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 206-216页

作者： Benjamin m. FITZPATRICK maureen e. RYAN jarrett R. JOHNSON Joel CORUSH evin T. CARTeR ecology and evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA School of environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Biology department Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY 42101 USA

most biologists recognize the ＂species phenomenon＂ as a real pattern in nature： Biodiversity is characterized by dis- continuities between recognizable groups classified as species. many conservation laws focus on preventing species extinction. However, species are not fixed. discontinuities evolve gradually and sometimes disappear. exactly how to define particular spe- cies is not always obvious. Hybridization between taxonomic species reminds us that species classification is not a perfect repre- sentation of nature. Classification is a model that is very useful, but not adequate in all cases. Conservationists often confront questions about how to apply species-based laws when hybridization confounds classification. development of sophisticated techniques and nuanced interpretation of data in the basic study of species and speciation has exposed the need for deeper educa- tion in genetics and evolution for applied conservationists and decision makers. Here we offer a brief perspective on hybridiza- tion and the species problem in conservation. Our intended audience is conservation practitioners and decision-makers more than geneticists and evolutionary biologists. We wish to emphasize that the goals and premises of legislative classification are not identical to those of scientific classification. Sometimes legal classification is required when the best available science indicates that discrete classification is not an adequate model for the case. establishing legal status and level of protection for hybrids and hybrid populations means choosing from a range of scientifically valid alternatives. Although we should not abandon species-based approaches to conservation, we must recognize their limitations and work to clarify the roles of science and values in ethical and legal decisions [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 206-216, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Hybrid zone Conservation Genetics Policy Classification delimitation

eFFeCT OF GReeN ROOF AGe ON RUNOFF WATeR QUALITY IN PORTLANd,OReGON

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Journal of Green Building 2018年第2期13卷 42-54页

作者： jarrett Okita Cara Poor Jessica m.Kleiss Ted eckmann University of Portland Shiley School of Engineering5000 N Willamette BlvdPortlandOR 97203 Lewis and Clark College Department of Environmental Studies0615 S.W.Palatine Hill RdPortlandOR 97219 University of Portland Department of Environmental StudiesBuckley Center 2135000 N Willamette BlvdPortlandOR 97203

Green roofs have become a common method to increase water retention on-site in urban ***,the long-term water quality of runoff from green roofs is poorly *** study evaluated the water quality of stormwater runoff from a regular(non-vegetated)roof,a green roof installed 6 months previously,and a green roof installed 6 years ago in Portland,*** of runoff were taken during every rain event for 10 months,and analyzed for total phosphorus(TP),phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-)),total nitrogen(TN),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),ammonia(NH_(3)),copper(Cu),and zinc(Zn).Runoff from the green roofs had higher concentrations of TP and PO_(4)^(3-)and lower concentrations of Zn compared to the regular *** TP concentrations from the 6-year old roof and 6-month old roof were 6.3 and 14.6 times higher,respectively,than concentrations from the regular roof,and average PO_(4)^(3-)concentrations from the 6-year old roof and 6-month old roof were 13.5 and 26.6 times higher,respectively,compared to the regular *** from the 6-month old green roof had higher concentrations of TP and PO_(4)^(3-)than the 6-year old green roof during the wet season,but lower concentrations during the dry *** 6-month old green roof installations where receiving waters are sensitive or impaired may need additional treatment methods to reduce phosphorus *** green roofs age,water retention decreases and phosphorus leaching increases during the dry season.

关键词： aging and green roofs long term impact of green roofs concentrations of zinc copper phosphorous and phosphate in green roof stormwater runoff soil moisture water quality

The role of dietary fibre in pig production,with a particular emphasis on reproduction

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 783-793页

作者： Selene jarrett Cheryl J.Ashworth The Roslin Institute and R(d)SVS University of Edinburgh

Fibres from a variety of sources are a common constituent of pig feeds. They provide a means to utilise locallyproduced plant materials which are often a by-product of the food or drink industry. The value of a high fibre diet in terms of producing satiety has long been recognised. However the addition of fibre can reduce feed intake, which is clearly detrimental during stages of the production cycle when nutrient needs are high, for example in growing piglets and during lactation. more recently, fibre has been found to promote novel benefits to pig production systems,particularly given the reduction in antimicrobial use world-wide, concern for the welfare of animals fed a restricted diet and the need to ensure that such systems are more environmentally friendly. For example, inclusion of dietary fibre can alter the gut microbiota in ways that could reduce the need for antibiotics, while controlled addition of certain fibre types may reduce nitrogen losses into the environment and so reduce the environmental cost of pig *** particular potential value is the opportunity to use crude fibre concentrates as ’functional’ feed additives to improve young pig growth and welfare. Perhaps the greatest opportunity for the use of high fibre diets is to improve the reproductive efficiency of pigs. Increased dietary fibre before mating improves oocyte maturation, prenatal survival and litter size; providing a consumer-acceptable means of increasing the amount of saleable meat produced per sow. The mechanisms responsible for these beneficial effects remain to be elucidated. However, changes in plasma and follicular fluid concentrations of key hormones and metabolites, as well as effects of the hypothalamic satiety centre on gonadotrophin secretion and epigenetic effects are strong candidates.

关键词： Fibre Pig Pregnancy Production Reproduction

Reflection of intense laser light from microstructured targets as a potential diagnostic of laser focus and plasma temperature

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2019年第1期7卷 10-16页

作者： J.jarrett m.King R.J.Gray N.Neumann L.dhl C.d.Baird T.ebert m.Hesse A.Tebartz d.R.Rusby N.C.Woolsey d.Neely m.Roth P.mcKenna department of Physics SUPA University of Strathclyde Institut f¨ur Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt York Plasma Institute University of York STFC-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Institut fur Kernphysik Technische Universit?t Darmstadt

The spatial-intensity profile of light reflected during the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a microstructured target is investigated experimentally and the potential to apply this as a diagnostic of the interaction physics is explored numerically. diffraction and speckle patterns are measured in the specularly reflected light in the cases of targets with regular groove and needle-like structures, respectively, highlighting the potential to use this as a diagnostic of the evolving plasma surface. It is shown, via ray-tracing and numerical modelling, that for a laser focal spot diameter smaller than the periodicity of the target structure, the reflected light patterns can potentially be used to diagnose the degree of plasma expansion, and by extension the local plasma temperature, at the focus of the intense laser light. The reflected patterns could also be used to diagnose the size of the laser focal spot during a high-intensity interaction when using a regular structure with known spacing.

关键词： high power laser laser-solid interactions plasma temperature diagnosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第14期29卷 2127-2133页

作者： Sujani Yadlapati Simone A.jarrett daniel Baik Adib Chaaya department of Gastroenterology Cooper University HospitalCooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamdenNJ 08103United States department of Internal medicine Einstein Medical CenterSidney Kimmel Medical CollegeThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19140United States

Since its emergence in 2019,it has become apparent that coronavirus 2019(COVId-19)infection can result in multi systemic *** addition to pulmonary symptoms,hepatobiliary involvement has been widely *** of hepatic involvement ranges from minor elevation in liver function tests(LFTs)to significant hepatocellular or cholestatic *** majority of cases,resolution of hepatic injury or improvement in LFTs is noted as patients recover from COVId-19 ***,severe biliary tract injury progressing to liver failure has been reported in patients requiring prolonged intensive care unit stay or mechanical *** to the timing of its presentation,this form of progressive cholestatic injury has been referred to as COVId-19 cholangiopathy or post-COVId-19 cholangiopathy,and can result in devastating consequences for ***-19 cholangiopathy is recognized by dramatic elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin and radiologic evidence of bile duct *** in COVId-19 occurs weeks to months after the initial infection and during the recovery *** findings and pathology often resemble bile duct injury associated with primary or secondary sclerosing *** of COVId-19 cholangiopathy is *** mechanisms have been proposed,including direct cholangiocyte injury,vascular compromise,and cytokine release *** review summarizes existing data on COVId-19 cholangiopathy,including reported cases in the literature,proposed pathophysiology,diagnostic testing,and long-term implications.

关键词： COVId-19 cholangiopathy Post COVId-19 cholangiopathy Cholestatic injury Liver transplant

“Follow You，Learn Well”一名身处中国网络语言教育环境的英语母语者的人种学分析

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“Follow You，Learn Well”一名身处中国网络语言教育环境的英语...

作者： Alison e jarrett 复旦大学

学位级别：硕士

远程协作式语言学习和社交网络领域的研究表明,社会群体是成功的语言学习协作中必不可少的一部分,但唯有依赖全面深度的跨文化沟通,社会群体才能蓬勃发展。目前关于中国网民的行为模式已有大量研究,多以满意度分析为主要形式。本文首次... 详细信息

远程协作式语言学习和社交网络领域的研究表明,社会群体是成功的语言学习协作中必不可少的一部分,但唯有依赖全面深度的跨文化沟通,社会群体才能蓬勃发展。目前关于中国网民的行为模式已有大量研究,多以满意度分析为主要形式。本文首次尝试从人种学的角度探讨中国的社交网络环境。通过参与者观察和专家采访,本文的调研结果一方面为现存的中国网民行为研究提供了新的有力支持,另一方面也介绍了语言学习环境中有关中国网民特征的四个新课题。另外,本文也为跨文化理解的研究奠定了基础,惠及未来的中英文远程协作式语言交流项目,为交流人员和中国网络社区中的英语教师提供了独到的见解和指导方针。

关键词：远程协作式语言学习中国网民知识交流中国网络社区

Templating core-shell particles using metal ion-chelating biosurfactants

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Particuology 2022年第5期20卷 145-152页

作者： Ching-min Yeh Thomas jarrett Yuan Gao Chun-Xia Zhao Andrew Whittaker Frank Sainsbury Alison L.White Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQueensland4072Australia ARC Centre of excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology The University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072Australia CSIRO Probing Biosystems Future Science Platform BrisbaneAustralia Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD4111 Australia

designer biosurfactants can be used to stabilise and functionalise *** particularly promising use is the stabilisation of oil-in-water emulsions,enabling fine tuning physical,chemical and biological surface *** ability of emulsion systems to carry high payloads makes them attractive for applications in medicine,food and fragrances,and ***,they have limited long-term *** we sought to use the metal ion-chelating ability of the biosurfactant peptide,Am1,to precipitate the formation of a gold metal shell on Am1-stabilised emulsions by electroless *** found that replacing the commonly used zinc(Ⅱ)with palladium(Ⅱ)for coordination by histidine residues of adjacent Am1 peptides produced interfacial films that maintained elasticity at acidic *** NmR suggested a coordination mechanism independent of the imidazole ring of the *** of emulsions at low pH enabled the deposition of a gold shell,albeit by an unexpected *** propose that gold nanoparticles forming in bulk are adsorbed onto the peptide-stabilised interface,accumulating into a particulate *** resulting one-step method for nanoparticle precipitation and shell formation will be useful for the creation of biocompatible core-shell particles for applications where large payloads of hydrophobic active compounds require stability over long time periods.

关键词： Biosurfactants emulsion Core-shell particles electroless plating Histidine Interfacial elasticity

Two-color multiphoton in vivo imaging with a femtosecond diamond Raman laser

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 400-407页

作者： evan P Perillo Jeremy W jarrett Yen-Liang Liu Ahmed Hassan daniel C Fernée John R Goldak Andrei Bonteanu david J Spence Hsin-Chih Yeh Andrew K dunn department of Biomedical engineering The University of Texas at AustinTX 78712USA department of Physics The University of Texas at AustinTX 78712USA mQ Photonics Department of Physics and AstronomyMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia

Two-color multiphoton microscopy through wavelength mixing of synchronized lasers has been shown to increase the spectral window of excitable fluorophores without the need for wavelength ***,most currently available dual output laser sources rely on the costly and complicated optical parametric generation *** this report,we detail a relatively simple and low cost diamond Raman laser pumped by a ytterbium fiber amplifier emitting at 1055 nm,which generates a first Stokes emission centered at 1240 nm with a pulse width of 100 *** two excitation wavelengths of 1055 and 1240 nm,along with the effective two-color excitation wavelength of 1140 nm,provide an almost complete coverage of fluorophores excitable within the range of 1000–1300 *** compared with 1055 nm excitation,two-color excitation at 1140 nm offers a 90%increase in signal for many far-red emitting fluorescent proteins(for example,tdKatushka2).We demonstrate multicolor imaging of tdKatushka2 and Hoechst 33342 via simultaneous two-color two-photon,and two-color three-photon microscopy in engineered 3d multicellular *** further discuss potential benefits and applications for two-color three-photon *** addition,we show that this laser system is capable of in vivo imaging in mouse cortex to nearly 1 mm in depth with two-color excitation.

关键词： microscopy nonlinear processes three-dimensional imaging ultrafast lasers

A meta-analytic review of the approach-avoidance achievement goals and performance relationships in the sport psychology literature

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第2期4卷 164-173页

作者： marc Lochbaum jarrett Gottardy department of Health Exercise and Sport Sciences Texas Tech University

Purpose： To summarize the approach-avoidance achievement goal and performance in the sport psychology ***： A total of 17 published studies, two of which provided two samples, were located. Accepted meta-analytic procedures were used with Hedges g as the effect size metric. From the 17 studies, 73 effect sizes were ***： Results based on a random effects model indicated that the performance goal contrast had the largest facilitative impact on performance followed by the mastery and performance approach goals. Both of the avoidance goals performance and mastery had small non-significant and detrimental effects on performance. The homogeneity statistics revealed significant heterogeneity for the approach and avoidance performance goals. Categorical moderator variables were examined for study sex composition（male, female, or mixed）, mean age of sample（〈18 years or 18 years）, study setting（lab or naturalistic）, and nature of performance variable（objective or subjective）.Conclusion： The performance goal contrast holds value for sport performance research. Contrary to approach-avoidance predictions, the mastery-approach goal and performance effect size was significant and of equal magnitude as the performance approach goal and performance effect size. Thus, future research should closely test the efficacy of both the mastery- and performance contrasts in impacting performance of sport tasks. Last, the significant effect sizes reported in this review are in stark contrast to contemporary meta-analytic findings in *** in the approach-avoidance goals in sport and education relative to performance should be researched further.

关键词： mastery approach goals Performance approach goals Performance enhancement Performance goal contrast