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2021：不确定性

中国货币市场 2021年第2期 78-83页

作者： janet Henry 汇丰银行

展望2021年,在中央银行、地缘政治、金融市场等方面基准判断基础上,汇丰银行强调了不同于基准的最大风险。这些风险可能对全球或区域产生不同的经济和市场影响,上行和下行风险同时存在,都值得关注。一、复苏不只是周期性反弹,而是进入...

展望2021年,在中央银行、地缘政治、金融市场等方面基准判断基础上,汇丰银行强调了不同于基准的最大风险。这些风险可能对全球或区域产生不同的经济和市场影响,上行和下行风险同时存在,都值得关注。一、复苏不只是周期性反弹,而是进入良性增长周期（一）基准判断:新兴市场带动全球经济复苏,

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Iodine and Selenium Intake in a Sample of Women of Childbearing Age in Palmerston North, New Zealand after Mandatory Fortification of Bread with Iodised Salt

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 382-389页

作者： Nurul Husna Shukri Jane Coad janet Weber Ying Jin Louise Brough Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Malaysia Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand.

Iodine deficiency is a worldwide public health problem, which has long been observed in many parts of the world, including New Zealand (NZ). The aim of this study was to assess iodine and selenium intake among women of childbearing age in Palmerston North, New Zealand post mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt. Fifty women of childbearing age completed a researcher-led questionnaire, including a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Iodine and selenium were analysed in 24-hour urine samples. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 65 μg/l with 30% below 50 μg/l;representing mild iodine deficiency according to the World Health Organization. The estimated median daily iodine intake (130 μg/day) was higher than the Estimated Average Requirement (100 μg/day) and higher than seen in women prior to fortification. The median excretion of selenium (32 μg/day) was slightly above level suggested as adequate (30 μg/day) and estimated median intake (57 μg/day) was higher than Estimated Average Requirement (50 μg/day). Selenium and iodine excretion were significantly correlated (Spearman’s rank order;r(50) = 0.547, p 0.001). The major contributors to iodine intake were milk (36%), bread (25%) and fish/seafood (15%). Participants had a mean intake of 2.5 slices of bread/day, which contributed approximately 14 to 20 μg of iodine. The majority of participants (74%) had iodised salt at home, but less than half (48%) used iodised salt exclusively. In conclusion, despite the mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt in NZ, UIC of the study population indicates iodine deficiency although their estimated dietary intakes appear adequate. It is essential that government initiatives to improve iodine status are evaluated for their efficacy.

关键词： Iodine Selenium Iodine Intake Iodine Fortification Iodised Salt

心理社会肿瘤学在中国的发展现状——机会与挑战(英文)

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The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009年第3期8卷 123-128页

作者： Lili Tang janet de Groot Barry D. Bultz Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research （Ministry of Education） the Department of Psychosocial Oncology Peking University School of Oncology Beijing Cancer Hospital ＆ Institute Beijing 100036 China Department of Psychosocial Resources Tom Baker Cancer Centre Alberta Cancer Board Canada

Objective:In China over the past decade,psychosocial oncology has emerged as a new program. Development of this program requires attention to current opportunities,obstacles and cultural concerns. Methods: A selected literature review of academic papers in Chinese and English language journals and web sites was analyzed for themes regarding the current status,challenges,and opportunities for psychosocial oncology in China. Results: China’s national cancer strategy (2004-2010),based on WHO guidelines,is focused on cancer prevention and treatment,as well as quality of life among cancer patients and their families. The Chinese Anti-Cancer Association is now funding research,training and international collaboration in psychosocial oncology. The newly organized Chinese Psychosocial Oncology Society,founded in 2006,aims to provide a national forum for psychosocial oncology research. Cultural and systemic challenges to establishing psychosocial oncology as a core discipline in China include: (1) the family’s desire to ‘protect’ cancer patients by with-holding cancer-related information; (2) stigma and privacy regarding mental health issues; (3) biomedical practitioners’ claims that psychosocial on-cology is not sufficiently evidence-based; and (4) limited funding for psychosocial oncology care and research. Conclusion: The International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS) is considered a valuable resource towards China’s interest in partnering with the international psychosocial oncology community to enhance the discipline globally.

关键词：社会心理肿瘤学中国抗癌协会癌症患者世界卫生组织国际合作心理健康问题英文期刊学术论文

Antibacterial activities of ethanol extracts of Philippine medicinal plants against multidrug-resistant bacteria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第7期5卷 525-532页

作者： Demetrio L.Valle Jr. Jeannie I.Andrade Juliana janet M.Puzon Esperanza C.Cabrera Windell L.Rivera Institute of Biology College of Science University of the Philippines Makati Medical Center Natural Sciences Research Institute University of the Philippines Biology Department De La Salle University

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial activities of crude ethanol extracts of 12 Philippine medicinal ***: Crude ethanol extracts from 12 Philippine medicinal plants were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycinresistant Enterococcus, extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Results: The leaf extracts of Psidium guajava, Phyllanthus niruri, Ehretia microphylla and Piper betle(P. betle) showed antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. P. betle showed the highest antibacterial activity for these bacteria in the disk diffusion(16-33 mm inhibition diameter), minimum inhibitory concentration(19-156 μg/m L) and minimum bactericidal concentration(312 μg/m L) assays. P. betle leaf extracts only showed remarkable antibacterial activity for all the Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria(extended spectrum β-lactamaseproducing, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and metallo-β-lactamase-producing) in the disk diffusion(17-21 mm inhibition diameter), minimum inhibitory concentration(312-625 μg/m L) and minimum bactericidal concentration(312-625 μg/m L) assays. Conclusions: P. betle had the greatest potential value against both Gram-negative and Grampositive multidrug-resistant bacteria. Favorable antagonistic activities were also exhibited by the ethanol extracts of Psidium guajava, Phyllanthus niruri and Ehretia microphylla.

关键词： Philippine herbal medicine Multidrug-resistant bacteria Piper betle Psidium guajava Phyllanthus niruri Ehretia microphylla

Effect of Sunlight Exposure and Different Withering Durations on Theanine Levels in Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>)

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1014-1021页

作者： janet Chebet Too Thomas Kinyanjui John Kanyiri Wanyoko Francis Nyamu Wachira Department of Chemistry Egerton University Egerton Kenya KALRO-Tea Research Institute Kericho Kenya Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa Entebbe Uganda

Theanine is a non-protein amino acid representing as much as 50% of the total amino acids in black tea and 1% - 2% of dry weight in green tea. It has been shown to be able to reduce high blood pressure, promote relaxation, and inhibit caffeine’s side effects among others. This current study explored the effects of sunlight and withering durations on theanine levels in tea shoots. Theanine content from three leaves and a bud, two leaves and a bud and internodes were detected and quantified by using High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sunlight exposure experiment was started at dawn (0600 HRS, GMT + 3.00) when the light intensity was low and tea was collected at three-hour interval throughout the day to (1800 Hrs, GMT + 3.00) when the light intensity had dropped. At the start of the experiment, the theanine levels were significantly high but as the intensity of sunlight increased during the day there was a significant drop in theanine levels, and as the sun set the theanine levels increased significantly again in all samples. The results also showed that theanine levels were significantly increased after 15 hours of withering. Three leaves and a bud withered for 3 hours had mean theanine levels of 1.41% and those withered for 15 hours had mean theanine levels of 3.11%. Internodes exhibited higher mean theanine levels than those of leaves. In the light of these results, it’s evident that withering for a longer period of time and harvesting of tea when the light intensity is low ensure high amount of theanine in tea.

关键词： Green Tea Theanine Withering Time Sunlight Exposure Health Benefits

公司治理在加强风险管理中的作用 ——以乌干达金融机构为例

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公司治理在加强风险管理中的作用 ——...

作者：夏阳（janet Mutesi）长安大学

学位级别：硕士

乌干达银行业对乌干达社会的发展至关重要,但是在20世纪90年代至21世纪初,乌干达银行业曾遭受严重打击,其中有8家商业银行宣告破产。而给乌干达银行业造成上述困境的最主要原因便是公司内部治理不善。在此之后,乌干达银行就内部治理存... 详细信息

乌干达银行业对乌干达社会的发展至关重要,但是在20世纪90年代至21世纪初,乌干达银行业曾遭受严重打击,其中有8家商业银行宣告破产。而给乌干达银行业造成上述困境的最主要原因便是公司内部治理不善。在此之后,乌干达银行就内部治理存在的问题采取了一系列措施,显著促进了银行经营业绩的提高。但是,银行业面临的风险,如操作风险、信用风险、市场风险、利率风险等,仍然使其面临着巨大挑战。由于银行风险管理的策略只有在良好的公司治理结构中才能起到应有的效果,因此本文以乌干达金融机构为例,研究公司治理在风险管理中的作用。本文研究了如下问题:（1）乌干达金融机构的风险管理与公司治理之间的关系;（2）阻碍乌干达金融机构发展的原因;（3）针对乌干达可持续风险管理的有效建议。本文以案例研究法,基于两家乌干达商业银行（Crane银行、DFCU银行）以及两家国际大公司（安然、大通曼哈顿）的对比分析进行展示,其中Crane银行和安然公司已被宣告破产,而DFCU银行和大通曼哈顿银行则经营良好。通过案例分析对比,本文发现Crane银行与安然公司破产的共性,二者均缺乏合理有效的公司内部治理结构及有效的风险管理措施,从而导致公司监督职能失效,出现大量的财务舞弊行为。对Crane银行来说,其在经营中主要存在以下问题:（1）会计错报;（2）不良贷款累积;（3）通过虚假交易提取现金;（4）分支机构所有权转移不当造成财务损失;（5）管理层违规持股;（6）公司治理结构不善等。对于安然公司,其高管和董事会成员为了获取更多的财富和满足个人利益,在银行内外进行欺诈交易,进行财务舞弊行为,从而导致公司破产。但是,与上述银行不同的是,本文发现DFCU银行和大通曼哈顿均建立了与公司相匹配的风险管理系统,建立了自上而下的风险应对体系,董事会、管理层以及各职能部门相互配合,将风险管理应用于公司的经营决策中。其中,DFCU银行将风险管理分为以下5个方面,具体如下:（1）建立有效的治理体系来控制风险;（2）建立强有力的公司内部协调以应对风险;（3）制定可持续性的风险管理标准,企业应针对不同的风险制定一套有效的政策和标准。包括识别、评估和控制风险等。除此之外,业务部门应进行业务定期评估,以确保所设置的标准得到控制;（4）制定风险偏好框架;（5）进行压力测试。而大通曼哈顿则雇佣了专门的企业风险管理人员,并建立了风险回应政策以有效识别、控制和降低风险,以便在风险来临时,随时具备有效规避风险的能力。通过上述整理,本文发现,商业银行应根据自身状况建立可持续的风险管理制度,与此同时良好的公司治理结构对于抵御企业内外部风险也至关重要。综合上述研究,本文发现建立健全风险管理和完善公司内部治理同等重要。并据此从公司改善内部治理、健全风险治理、完善公司内部结构、加强风险管理、降低政策风险五个方面提出本文的相关建议。第一,改善公司内部治理,风险管理失败的原因是公司治理不善和董事会的不道德行为。因此,公司风险管理的关键是建立有效的公司治理结构。其中,董事会应明确企业的战略方向,并根据公司承担的风险的性质采取行动,以实现其特定目标。同时,为了促进银行发展,管理层应协调董事会,负责评估和制定新的策略。第二,对于健全风险治理,本文提出如下建议:（1）制定风险偏好框架;（2）进行有效的沟通;（3）消除可能的利益冲突;（4）建立风险管理委员会;（5）薪酬委员会考虑风险因素调整薪酬;（6）聘用经验丰富的风险管理专业人员;（7）建立有效的风险管理文化;（8）建立公开、透明的问责制,提高信息披露的透明度;（9）积极倡导道德观念;（10）提高风险管理在公司经营中的地位。第三,本文对组织结构和风险管理主要参与者提出建议,这是因为管理层在风险管理方面发挥着重要作用,为银行内部健全风险治理做出了贡献。因此,本文认为健全的公司组织结构应包括董事会,执行官,法律和合规职能,内部审计,首席财务官,专用风险职能,资产和负债委员会,信贷委员会,首席风险官,首席执行官,董事会审计委员会和董事会风险委员会。第四,对于风险管理的建议,本文认为董事会和有关各方应采取以下步骤来确保实现风险管理:识别,评估,缓解和监测/报告/评估所有风险。（1）识别风险,在此阶段,企业要注意由产品和服务引起的所有类型和风险来源,并对潜在的风险加以判断、归类整理,并对风险的性质进行鉴定。（2）风险评估,是风险管理中最复杂的过程之一。在风险识别的基础上,通过对所收集的大量的详细损失资料加以分析,估计和预测风险发生的概率和损失程度。（3）风险控制,制订和执行政策与程序以帮助确保风险应对得以有效实施。（4）风险监测,银行的决策者应建立健全的监视和报告系统,以确保对信息进行有效的优先排序。第五,本文从降低信用风险、操作风险、流动性风险、市场风险四个角度提出缓解政策风险的有效措施。首先,降低信用

关键词：公司治理风险管理金融机构乌干达

The road home: Returning to pre-Katrina homes during episodes of psychosis

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第1期3卷 1-4页

作者： Gayle Pletsch Christopher Rodgman Elizabeth Leimbach Kelly Erwin janet Johnson Albert Einstein College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences New York USA Tulane University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences New Orleans USA

Hurricane Katrina was a devastating event to New Orleans. There was a mandatory evacuation of the city during which victims in affected areas were not allowed to return for months. Many residents were unable to return to their previous residence due to the destruction of their home or change in ownership. In its aftermath, a phenomenon of displaced residents becoming psychotic and returning to their pre-Katrina homes that they no longer owned became apartment. While the clinical ramifications of these behaviors remain unclear, in the wake of Hurricane Sandy monitoring of psychotic patients for similar behaviors may be warranted. We present two such cases of this phenomenon, colloquially called “Post-Katrina Syndrome” by psychiatrists in the New Orleans area.

关键词： Hurricane Katrina Psychosis PTSD Dissociative Fugue

Comparative Rates of Adverse Events with 2-Hour versus 4-Hour Infusion of Total Dose Intravenous Iron Polymaltose

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第4期5卷 145-148页

作者： Arumugam Manoharan William Alexander Rajeev Ramakrishna janet Legge John Uebel Illawarra Private Cancer Care Centre Wollongong Australia Southern Sydney Haematology Kogarah Australia Illawarra Private Cancer Care Centre Wollongong Australia Graduate School of Medicine University of Wollongong New South Wales Australia

Background and aim of the study: Patients with iron deficiency (ID) who are unable to tolerate or show sub-optimal response to oral iron therapy are candidates for parenteral iron therapy. This study evaluated the patient safety and tolerance of iron polymaltose given either as a 2-hour infusion or as a 4-hour infusion. Methods: A total of 243 patients with ID were randomized alternatively to receive iron polymaltose infusion either as a 2-hour infusion or as a 4-hour infusion. All patients received pre-medication with certizine hydrochloride 10 mg PO one-hour before infusion and hydrocortisone 50 mg IVI immediately before infusion. Infusion related adverse events/side-effects during the infusion and over the next seven days were documented and graded as mild, moderate or severe. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 17 years to 92 years (mean 55.5 yr);M:F = 1:3.5. One hundred and twenty-two patients were in the 2-hour arm (M:F = 1:5;mean age 52.9 yr) and 121 were in the 4-hour arm (M:F = 1:2.6;mean age 58.1 yr). Iron infusion therapy was generally well tolerated by patients in both arms. Adverse events/side effects were documented in 14 patients in each arm (22 events in the 2-hour arm and 20 in the 4-hour arm) and included aches and pains, cannula-site pain/swelling, nausea, abdominal cramps, rash, vagal response, metallic taste, hot flushes and headaches. In most patients, these events were mild and none had any severe events. Conclusion: The incidence of adverse events with 2-hour infusion of iron polymaltose is similar to that observed with 4-hour infusion of iron polymaltose.

关键词： Iron Deficiency Rapid Iron Polymaltose Infusion

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传输线电容参数提取中的奇异性处理方法

微波学报 2005年第6期21卷 14-18,42页

作者：张瑛 janet M.Wang 肖亮吴慧中南京理工大学计算机科学与技术系南京210094 亚利桑那大学电子工程系

传输线电容参数提取过程中需要计算导体上的电量,而在电量计算过程中普遍存在着角点的奇异性问题。本文给出了角点附近区域电势分布的数学模型,通过采用有限级数逼近该数学模型的解析解提出了一种新的电量计算方法,并进行了级数逼近的... 详细信息

传输线电容参数提取过程中需要计算导体上的电量,而在电量计算过程中普遍存在着角点的奇异性问题。本文给出了角点附近区域电势分布的数学模型,通过采用有限级数逼近该数学模型的解析解提出了一种新的电量计算方法,并进行了级数逼近的误差分析。本文算法克服了邓肯矫正需要选择角点积分区域的不足,有效地校正了导体角点奇异性引起的电容参数提取的计算误差,最后给出了算法的数值实验与分析结果。

关键词：奇异性角点电容参数传输线