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Changes in free amino acids and polyamine levels in Satsuma leaves in response to Asian citrus psyllid infestation and water stress

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 707-716页

作者： Nasir S. A. malik Jose L. Perez madhurababu Kunta Joseph m. Patt Robert L. mangan USDA-ARS ERRC 600 E Mermaid lane Wyndmoor PA 19038-8598 USDA-ARS SPARC 2881 F&B Road College Station TX 77845 Texas A&m University-Kingsville Citrus Center 312 North International Blvd Weslaeo TX 78596 U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 Subtropical Horticultural Research Station 13601 Old Coulter Road Miami FL 33158 USDA-ARS 2413 E. Hwy 83 Weslaco TX 78596 USA

The effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on changes in amino acids and polyamine levels in Satsuma orange （Citrus unshiu; cultivar Owari） leaves were inves- tigated. Asian citrus psyllids Diaphorina citri （Kuwayama）（ACP） infestation was used to induce biotic stress while a water deficit was imposed to induce abiotic stress. Potted trees were infested by placing 50 psyllids on 3 citrus leaves enclosed in nylon mesh bags for 5 d. A parallel set of plants were kept water stressed by maintaining the soil at 20% water holding capacity for 5 d. Levels of total free amino acids were higher in water stressed and ACP infested leaves. Polyamine putrescine increased in infested leaves but not in water stressed leaves. Proline was the most abundant amino acid and its levels significantly increased by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Proline levels in infested leaves were significantly higher than the water stressed leaves. Histidine, methionine, asparagine, arginine, serine, and leucine levels also increased significantly in infested leaves, but in water stressed leaves only leucine, methionine, and threonine increased. Levels of amino acids, such as tyrosine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and alanine, declined in infested leaves. Under water stress asparagine, phenylalanine, serine, and histidine also declined compared to controls. This indicates that while proteolysis occurred under both stresses, metabolic conversion of amino acids was different under the two stresses. In ACP infested leaves some amino acids may be used as feeding material and/or converted into secondary metabolites for defense.

关键词： amino acids citrus Diaphorina citri polyamines

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Effects of study area size on home range estimates of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 693-701页

作者： Samantha R. NEKOLNY matthew DENNY George BIEDENBACH Elisabeth m, HOWELLS marilyn mAZZOIL Wendy N. DURDEN Lydia mORELAND J. DAVID LAmBERT Quincy A, GIBSON University of North Florida Department of Biology 1 UNF Drive Jacksonville FL 32224 USA Georgia Aquarium Conservation Field Station 9509 Oceanshore Blvd Saint Augustine FL 32080 USA Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University 5600US-1 North Fort Pierce FL 32958 USA Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute 3830 South Highway AIA #4-181 Melbourne Beach FL 32951 USA Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University 5600 US-1 North Fort Pierce FL 32958 USA.

Knowledge of an animal's home range is a crucial component in making informed management decisions. However, many home range studies are limited by study area size, and therefore may underestimate the size of the home range. In many cases, individuals have been shown to travel outside of the study area and utilize a larger area than estimated by the study design. In this study, data collected by multiple research groups studying bottlenose dolphins on the east coast of Florida were combined to determine how home range estimates increased with increasing study area size. Home range analyses utilized photo-identification data collected from 6 study areas throughout the St Johns River (SJR; Jacksonville, FL, USA) and adjacent waterways, extending a total of 253 km to the southern end of mosquito Lagoon in the Indian River Lagoon Estuarine System. Univariate kernel density estimates (KDEs) were computed for individuals with 10 or more sightings (20). Kernels were calculated for the primary study area (SJR) first, then additional kernels were calculated by combining the SJR and the next adjacent waterway; this continued in an additive fashion until all study areas were included. The 95% and 50% KDEs calculated for the SJR alone ranged from 21 to 35 km and 4 to 19 km, respectively. The 95% and 50% KDEs calculated for all combined study areas ranged from 116 to 217 km and 9 to 70 km, respectively. This study illustrates the degree to which home range may be underestimated by the use of limited study areas and demonstrates the benefits of conducting collaborative science.

关键词： bottlenose dolphin core area home range kernel analysis

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苯甲酸对肥育猪氮代谢、粪便氨和气味排放的影响

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饲料博览 2012年第9期22卷 12-12页

作者： murphy D P O'Doherty J V Boland T m O'Shea C J Callan J J pierce K m Lynch m B 不详

采用完全随机区组设计试验,研究苯甲酸对氮代谢水平、粪便排放氨(NH3)和气味的影响。将16头种公猪随机分配到4个不同的处理组(T)中,在相同基础日粮中添加不同水平苯甲酸:T10g·kg-1、T210g·kg-1、T320g·kg-1、T430g·kg-1。动物被安... 详细信息

采用完全随机区组设计试验,研究苯甲酸对氮代谢水平、粪便排放氨(NH3)和气味的影响。将16头种公猪随机分配到4个不同的处理组(T)中,在相同基础日粮中添加不同水平苯甲酸:T10g·kg-1、T210g·kg-1、T320g·kg-1、T430g·kg-1。动物被安置在独立舍内和饲料自由采食。随日粮中苯甲酸添加量的增加,氨氮排放量呈线性下降(P0.05);尿氮的排泄、全氮排泄和泌尿以及粪氮的排出呈线性下降(P<0.05)。此外,随苯甲酸浓度的增加,氮保留量呈线性增加(P<0.05)。猪日粮中添加苯甲酸,具有减少总尿氮排泄和泌尿、粪氮之比,研究证实,饲粮中添加苯甲酸可减少粪便氨氮排放。

关键词：氨苯甲酸气味猪

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Genomics and Functional Genomics of Citrus Huanglongbing Bacterium,‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’

Genomics and Functional Genomics of Citrus Huanglongbing Bac...

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中国植物病理学会第九届全国会员代表大会暨2010年学术...

作者： C.m.Vahling USDA-ARS USHRLFort PierceFLUSA

＜正＞Citrus Huanglongbing（HLB）is the most devastating disease of citrus in the world and currently threatens the survival of the citrus industry in Brazil and the United States,the top orange and juice producers in the *** is spread by citrus psyllids and is associated with a low-titer,phloem-limited infection by any of three uncultured species ofα-Proteobacteria:‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’（Las）,

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Beneficial horticultural responses from the application of solar thermotherapy to mature Huanglongbing-affected citrus trees

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2021年第5期7卷 411-422页

作者： Cheryl m.Armstrong melissa S.Doud Weiqi Luo Smita Raithore Elizabeth A.Baldwin Wei Zhao Anne Plotto Jinhe Bai John A.manthey Ed Stover Yongping Duan United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service-Eastern Regional Research Center WyndmoorPA 19038USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service-United States Horticultural Research Laboratory Fort PierceFL 34945USA Center for Integrated Pest management North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27606USA Symrise AG TeterboroNJ 07608USA

The detrimental effects of Huanglongbing(HLB)on citrus are well known and so is the need for effective methods to combat this *** thermotherapy(ST),one of the management methods to help alleviate some of the negative effects of HLB,is the process of heating trees to therapeutic temperatures by encompassing the tree within a plastic structure(Visqueen)to harness the sun’s natural *** was applied to mature‘Valencia’citrus trees in three *** vigor,yield,and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(Las)titer in leaves were monitored for two consecutive seasons post ST treatment,while fruit and juice quality were evaluated at the end of the second *** promoted an increase in canopy density in most groves tested and did not have a significant effect on fruit quantity,despite the prolonged exposure of the trees to increased ***,Las titer was reduced in both leaves and juice processed from affected trees post *** respect to fruit quality,the ratio of total soluble solids to titratable acidity was higher post ST compared to controls as was the sucrose content of the juice in most treated groves,whereas limonin was higher in juice from control *** components analysis of aroma volatiles showed significant differences between juice from treated versus control trees with volatiles imparting top-note and freshness to orange juice,such as acetaldehyde,hexanal,Z-3-hexenol and linalool,being higher in juice fromtreated *** panels confirmed that flavor differences existed,ultimately showing that ST resulted in improved juice flavor in well-managed *** the effects of ST on the trees appear temporary,such outcomes emphasize its utility when used as part of an integrated management strategy for HLB-affected citrus,imparting beneficial horticultural responses with minimal to positive effects on subsequent juice flavor.

关键词： HLB Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Thermotherapy Juice Flavor

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Rapid screening for citrus canker resistance employing pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity responses

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 115-122页

作者： marco Pitino Cheryl m Armstrong Yongping Duan USDA-ARS 2001 S.Rock Rd.Fort Pierce34945FLUSA

Citrus canker,caused by the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri ***(Xcc),has been attributed to millions of dollars in loss or damage to commercial citrus crops in subtropical production areas of the *** identification of resistant plants is one of the most effective methods of disease management,the ability to screen for resistant seedlings plays a key role in the production of a long-term solution to ***,an inverse correlation between reactive oxygen species(ROS)production by the plant and the ability of Xcc to grow and form lesions on infected plants is *** on this information,a novel screening method that can rapidly identify citrus seedlings that are less susceptible to early infection by Xcc was devised by measuring ROS accumulation triggered by a 22-amino acid sequence of the conserved N-terminal part of flagellin(flg22)from *** ***(Xcc-flg22).In addition to limiting disease symptoms,ROS production was also correlated with the expression of basal defense-related genes such as the pattern recognition receptors LRR8 and FLS2,the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein RLP12,and the defense-related gene PR1,indicating an important role for pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)in determining resistance to citrus ***,the differential expression patterns observed amongst the citrus seedlings demonstrated the existence of genetic variations in the PTI response among citrus species/varieties.

关键词： pattern immunity citrus

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molecular mechanisms behind the accumulation of ATP and H_(2)O_(2) in citrus plants in response to‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’infection

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Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 163-170页

作者： marco Pitino Cheryl m Armstrong Yongping Duan USDA-ARS US Horticultural Research Laboratory2001 S.Rock RoadFort Pierce34945FLUSA

Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(Las)is a fastidious,phloem-restricted pathogen with a significantly reduced genome,and attacks all citrus species with no immune cultivars documented to *** other plant bacterial pathogens,Las deploys effector proteins into the organelles of plant cells,such as mitochondria and chloroplasts to manipulate host immunity and *** organelles are responsible for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and have a critical role in plant immune signaling during hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)*** this study,we investigated H2O2 and ATP accumulation in relation to citrus huanglongbing(HLB)in addition to revealing the expression profiles of genes critical for the production and detoxification of H2O2 and ATP *** also found that as ATP and H2O2 concentrations increased in the leaf,so did the severity of the HLB symptoms,a trend that remained consistent among the four different citrus varieties ***,the upregulation of ATP synthase,a key enzyme for energy conversion,may contribute to the accumulation of ATP in infected tissues,whereas downregulation of the H2O2 detoxification system may cause oxidative damage to plant macromolecules and cell *** may explain the cause of some of the HLB symptoms such as chlorosis or leaf *** findings in this study highlight important molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in the host plants’response to Las infection and provide new targets for interrupting the disease cycle.

关键词： citrus mechanisms infection

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Effect of Weather on Grain Quality Traits of Durum Wheat Grown in the Northern Plains of USA

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第12期12卷 1894-1911页

作者： Sara moayedi Elias m. Elias Frank A. manthey Cereal Science Graduate Program Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of genotype and growing environment, particularly weather, on grain quality traits of durum wheat using nine genotypes (Alkabo, Carpio, Divide, Grenora, Joppa, Maier, Mountrail, Pierce, and Tioga) grown in four years (2012-2015) at six locations in North Dakota, USA. The results of this research indicated that grain test weight, 1000-kernel weight, protein content, kernel vitreousness, and falling number were affected more by environment than by genotype. However, genotypes within an environment differed in the magnitude of their response and this difference could be used to select genotypes in a breeding program to improve quality. For a given quality trait, the magnitude of the response reflects the stability of the trait to changes in the environment. In general, the quality of durum wheat grown in the northern plains of USA was favored by warm daytime temperature, low night temperature, and low relative humidity. Growing locations with high maximum air temperature and a high number of days with temperature ≥ 30°C had a positive effect on grain protein content and falling number, while a high number of days with night time temperature ≤ 13°C were ideal for 1000-kernel weight. Low rainfall and low relative humidity promoted a high falling number and vitreous kernel content. The results of this study suggested that genotypes could be selected based on their overall quality and their stability across environments. Trait stability could be an important consideration when growers select genotypes for planting in their fields.

关键词： Durum Wheat Weather Grain Quality

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Land application of biosolids to restore disturbed western rangeliuids

Land application of biosolids to restore disturbed western r...

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ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： L.K.Greenhalgh m.J.mcFarland I.R.Vasquez m.Vutran m.Schmitz R.Brobst Utah State University Cooperative Extension 151 North main TooeleUtah84074 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Utah State University 1405 Mount Logan DriveLogan Utah84321USA

＜正＞Introduction many rangelands in the western *** been degraded through improper *** are an inexhaustible resource that can be utilized to restore disturbed *** of biosolids poses little threat to groundwater resources in areas with adequate groundwater depth because evapotranspiration generally exceeds total precipitation（Evans et al.,2001;Harris-pierce et al.,1995）.The current study compared effects of biosolids application to disturbed rangelands.

关键词： biosolids agronomic rate disturbed rangelands lime stabilized

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母猪日粮中添加海藻提取物和鱼油对哺乳仔猪体液免疫反应和生长性能的影响

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饲料博览 2010年第12期20卷 50-50页

作者： Leonard S G Sweeney T Bahar B pierce K m Lynch B P Doherty J V O 司马博锋（摘译）

试验采用2-2试验设计来考察在母猪日粮中添加海藻提取物和鱼油对母猪初乳组成、初乳中免疫球蛋白含量、哺乳仔猪体液免疫反应和生长速度的影响。海藻提取物分为添加和未添加两个水平，鱼油添加水平分别为0和100g·d^-1，每个处理10头母... 详细信息

试验采用2-2试验设计来考察在母猪日粮中添加海藻提取物和鱼油对母猪初乳组成、初乳中免疫球蛋白含量、哺乳仔猪体液免疫反应和生长速度的影响。海藻提取物分为添加和未添加两个水平，鱼油添加水平分别为0和100g·d^-1，每个处理10头母猪，添加时间从母猪妊娠第109天开始。海藻提取物中含昆布多糖和岩藻依聚糖，

关键词：体液免疫反应海藻提取物哺乳仔猪猪日粮生长性能鱼油母猪初乳试验设计

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