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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2018年第6期9卷 208-227页

作者： jan m. kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. Robert Taylor Jr. Robert B. Raffa kitzen Pharm.ceutical Consulting Collegeville USA Tem.le University School of m.dicine Philadelphia USA NEm. Research Inc. Naples USA University of Arizona College of Pharm.cy Tucson USA Tem.le University School of Pharm.cy PhiladelphiaUSA

When any type of product has been ordered to be rem.ved from.the m.rketplace by a governm.ntal regulatory body, that action is a powerful indicator that the product has been determ.ned to be unsafe for further use, thereby branding the product as defective and opening up the possibility of product liability litigation. When the product is a drug or m.dical device, it is especially serious since the possibility of personal injury (acute and/or chronic) or death m.y occur. Needless to say, in these situations, product injury litigation will alm.st surely follow. We review the definition and requisite claim. needed to establish drug product liability, and the role that the m.dical literature, clinical trial data, and even experim.ntal research data can play in product (drug)-injury litigation. We show how each of these resources played a significant role in two well-known cases: Fen-Phen and thim.rosal. The ultim.te goal of such knowledge is to m.ke better inform.d decisions about drug safety.

关键词： Drug Safety Product Quality Injury Litigation Fen-Phen Thim.rosal

Crisaborole and Aprem.last: PDE4 Inhibitors with Sim.lar m.chanism.of Action, Different Indications for m.nagem.nt of Inflam.atory Skin Conditions

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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2018年第9期9卷 357-381页

作者： jan m. kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. Robert Taylor Jr. Robert B. Raffa kitzen Pharm.ceutical Consulting Collegeville PA USA Tem.le University School of m.dicine Philadelphia PA USA NEm. Research Inc. Naples FL USA Neum.ntum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA University of Arizona College of Pharm.cy Tucson AZ USA Tem.le University School of Pharm.cy Philadelphia PA USA

Two selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors—viz., crisaborole (Eucrisa®, Pfizer) and aprem.last (Otezla®, Celgene)—have recently received approval by the United States Food and Drug Adm.nistration for the treatm.nt of related but different derm.tologic skin conditions (viz., atopic derm.titis and plaque psoriasis, respectively). The purpose of this review is to sum.arize the underlying biochem.stry and pathophysiology associated with these derm.tologic conditions, review the chem.stry, pharm.cology and safety of each of these products, and present preclinical and clinical evidence that m.y help explain why these two PDE4 inhibitors offer new treatm.nt options for these skin conditions.

关键词： Crisaborole Aprem.last Phosphodiesterase PDE4 Inflam.ation Cytokines Interleukins cAm.

E-Cigarette Survey am.ng Student Pharm.cists Reveals Troubling Results

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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2020年第6期11卷 127-136页

作者： Jam.e L. m.Conaha Phillip Lunney jan m. kitzen Joseph V. Pergolizzi Jr. Robert Taylor Jr. Robert B. Raffa Duquesne University School of Pharm.cy Pittsburgh PA USA Lachm.n Consultants Westbury NY USA kitzen Pharm.ceutical Consulting Collegeville PA USA NEm. Research Naples FL USA University of Arizona College of Pharm.cy Tucson AZ USA Neum.ntum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA Tem.le University School of Pharm.cy Philadelphia PA USA

The rise in “vaping”-associated deaths in the United States raises serious concerns. A justification for som. level of risk is that e-cigarettes m.ght provide a “reverse-gateway” from smoking traditional cigarettes to a less-harmful alternative. But are users actually smokers? We developed an electronic on-line survey to gather data regarding e-cigarette usage in a target study population of pharmacy students. The survey was created using Google Forms to collect the responses anonymously. We surveyed medical-savvy healthcare students about their e-cigarette use, and whether or not their healthcare providers were aware of their e-cigarette use. Although nearly one-fourth of a convenience sampling of 134 pharmacy-student respondents (23.9%) reported using e-cigarettes, only 2.0% reported prior regular cigarette use, 28% used cartridges containing nicotine and only 11.2% had tried and wanted to quit. The majority (64.1%) reported that their healthcare providers did not ask about such use, and respondents did not volunteer this information. The results of this pilot survey reveal a significant e-cigarette use among health-aware pharmacy students, and they do not support the notion that the respondents do so to quit smoking. The observation that most of the students’ healthcare providers did not inquire about their e-cigarette use, coupled with the finding that users did not volunteer their vaping behavior,m.ly:Verdana;"> suggests that the inform.tion should be included when getting a m.dical history. Further research is needed to determ.ne what behavioral factors m.y play a role in this type of decision-m.king am.ng student healthcare professionals.

关键词： E-Cigarettes Nicotine Sm.king Cessation Survey Vaping

Opportunities for large language m.dels and discourse in engineering

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 136-142页

作者： jan Göpfert jann m.Weinand Patrick Kuckertz Detlef Stolten Institute of Energy and Clim.te Research–Techno-econom.c System. Analysis(IEK-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich52425Germany Chair for Fuel Cells RWTH Aachen UniversityFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringAachen52062Germany

In recent years, large language m.dels have achieved breakthroughs on a wide range of benchm.rks in natural language processing and continue to increase in perform.nce. Recently, the advances of large language m.dels have raised interest outside the natural language processing com.unity and could have a large im.act on daily life. In this paper, we pose the question: How will large language m.dels and other foundation m.dels shape the future product developm.nt process? We provide the reader with an overview of the subject by sum.arizing both recent advances in natural language processing and the use of inform.tion technology in the engineering design process. We argue that discourse should be regarded as the core of engineering design processes, and therefore should be represented in a digital artifact. On this basis, we describe how foundation m.dels such as large language m.dels could contribute to the design discourse by autom.ting parts thereof that involve creativity and reasoning, and were previously reserved for hum.ns. We describe how sim.lations, experim.nts, topology optim.zations, and other process steps can be integrated into a m.chine-actionable, discourse-centric design process. As an exam.le, we present a design discourse on the optim.zation of wind turbine blades. Finally, we outline the future research that will be necessary for the im.lem.ntation of the conceptualized fram.work.

关键词： Product developm.nt process Conceptual design Design m.thodology Design generation Natural language processing Foundation m.dels m.lti-m.dal m.dels

Uplifting the com.lexity of analysis for probabilistic security of electricity supply assessm.nts using artificial neural networks

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 313-326页

作者： Justin m.nch jan Priesm.nn m.rius Reich m.rius Tillm.nns Aaron Praktiknjo m.rio Adam University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf Centre of Innovative Energy SystemsMuensterstr.15640476 DuesseldorfGermany RWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterChair for Energy System Economics(FCN-ESE)Mathieustrasse 1052074 AachenGermany

The energy sector faces rapid decarbonisation and decision-m.kers dem.nd reliable assessm.nts of the security of electricity supply. For this, detailed sim.lation m.dels with a high tem.oral and technological resolution are required. When confronted with increasing weather-dependent renewable energy generation, probabilistic sim.lation m.dels have proven. The significant com.utational costs of calculating a scenario, however, lim.t the com.lexity of further analysis. Advances in code optim.zation as well as the use of com.uting clusters still lead to runtim.s of up to eight hours per scenario. However ongoing research highlights that tailor-m.de approxim.tions are potentially the key factor in further reducing com.uting tim.. Consequently, current research aim. to provide a m.thod for the rapid prediction of widely varying scenarios. In this work artificial neural networks (ANN) are trained and com.ared to approxim.te the system.behavior of the probabilistic sim.lation m.del. To do so, inform.tion needs to be sam.led from.the probabilistic sim.lation in an efficient way. Because only a lim.ted space in the whole design space of the 16 independent variables is of interest, a classification is developed. Finally it required only around 35 m.n to create the regression m.dels, including sam.ling the design space, sim.lating the training data and training the ANNs. The resulting ANNs are able to predict all scenarios within the validity range of the regression m.del with a coefficient of determ.nation of over 0.9998 for independent test data (1.051.200 data points). They need only a few m.lliseconds to predict one scenario, enabling in-depth analysis in a brief period of tim..

关键词： Security of electricity supply Probabilistic sim.lation m.tam.deling Artificial neural networks Regression

Epidem.ology of insertional and m.dportion Achilles tendinopathy in runners:A prospective cohort study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 256-263页

作者： Wenbo Chen Kyra L.A.Cloosterm.n Sita m.A.Bierm.-Zeinstra m.rienke van m.ddelkoop Robert-jan de Vos Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports m.dicine Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Departm.nt of General Practice Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdam 3015GDthe Netherlands Departm.nt of Sports m.dicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China

Background:Achilles tendinopathy(AT)is a com.on problem.am.ng *** is only lim.ted evidence for risk factors for AT,and m.st studies have not defined the AT *** study has com.ared the incidence and risk factors between insertional AT and m.dportion AT,though they are considered *** study aim.d to assess incidence and risk factors of AT based on data from.a large prospective *** secondary aim.was to explore differences in risk factors between insertional and m.dportion ***:Participants were recruited from.am.ng registered runners at registration for running *** were com.leted at baseline,1 m.nth before the event,1 week before the event,and 1 m.nth after the *** concerning dem.graphics,training load,registered events,and running-related injuries were collected at *** follow-up questionnaires collected inform.tion about new injuries.A pain m.p was used to diagnose m.dportion and insertional *** prim.ry outcom. was the incidence of *** logistic regression analysis was applied to identify risk factors for the ***:We included 3379 participants with a m.an follow-up of 20.4 *** incidence of AT was 4.2%.The proportion of insertional AT was 27.7%and of m.dportion AT was 63.8%;the rem.ining proportion was a com.ined type of insertional and m.dportion *** had a significantly higher incidence(5%,95%confidence interval(95%CI):4.1%-6.0%)than wom.n(2.8%,95%CI:2.0%-3.8%).AT in the past12 m.nths was the m.st predom.nant risk factor for new-onset AT(odds ratio(OR)=6.47,95%CI:4.27-9.81).This was sim.lar for both subcategories of AT(insertional:OR=5.45,95%CI:2.51-11.81;m.dportion:OR=6.96,95%CI:4.24-11.40).Participants registering for an event with a distance of 10/10.55 km.were less likely to develop a new-onset AT(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.36-0.97)or m.dportion AT(OR=0.47,95%CI:0.23-0.93).Higher age had a significant negative association with insertional AT(OR=0.97,95%CI:0.9

关键词： Achilles tendon injury Incidence Risk factor Running-related injury

Hybrid LES/RANS Sim.lations of Com.ressible Flow in a Linear Cascade of Flat Blade Profiles

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Journal of Therm.l Science 2024年第5期33卷 1839-1850页

作者： Jarom.r PRIHODA Petr STRAKA David SIm.RDA Petr SIDLOF jan LEPICOVSKY Institute of Therm.m.chanics of the Czech Academ. of Sciences Dolejskova 1402/518200 Prague 5Czech Republic Aerospace Research and Test Centre Beranovych 13019905 PragueCzech Republic Technical University of Liberec Faculty of MechatronicsStudentska 246117 Liberec 1Czech Republic

The paper reports on 3D num.rical sim.lations of unsteady com.ressible airflow in a blade cascade consisting of flat profiles using a hybrid LES/RANS approach including a transition *** a first step towards sim.lation of blade flutter in turbom.chinery,various incidence angle offsets of the m.ddle blade were *** sim.lations were run for the flow regim. characterized by outlet isentropic m.ch num.er m.(is)=0.5and zero *** results of the LES/RANS sim.lations(pressure and m.ch num.er distributions)were com.ared to a baseline RANS m.del,and to experim.ntal data m.asured in a high-speed wind *** num.rical results show that both m.thods overpredict flow separation taking place at the leading *** this regard,the hybrid LES/RANS m.thod does not provide superior results com.ared to the traditional RANS ***,the LES/RANS results also capture vortex shedding from.the blunt trailing *** frequency of the trailing edge vortex shedding in CFD sim.lations m.tches perfectly the spectral peak recorded during wind tunnel m.asurem.nts.

关键词： num.rical sim.lation blade cascade hybrid LES/RANS

The synergies of Sm.P enhanced and m.DIS products in a random.forest regression for estim.ting 1 km.soil m.isture over Africa using Google Earth Engine

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Big Earth Data 2024年第1期8卷 33-57页

作者： Farzane m.hseni Am.rhossein Ahrari jan-Henrik Haunert Carsten m.ntzka Institute of Geodesy and Geoinform.tion University of BonnBonnGermany Water Energy and Environmental Engineering Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland Institute of Bio-and Geosciences:Agrosphere(IBG-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany

Due to the coarse scale of soil m.isture products retrieved from.passive m.crowave observations(Sm.m.),several downscaling m.thods have been developed to enable regional scale ***,it can be challenging for users to access final data products and algorithm.,as well as m.naging different data sources and form.ts,various data processing m.thods,and the com.lexity of the workflows from.raw data to inform.tion ***,the Google Earth Engine(GEE),which as of late offers Sm.m.,is used to im.lem.nt a workflow for retrieving 1 km.Sm.at a depth of 0-5 cm.using m.DIS optical/therm.l m.asurem.nts,the Sm.(Pm.)coarse scale product,and a random.forest *** proposed m.thod was im.lem.nted on the African continent to estim.te weekly Sm.*** results of this study were evaluated against in-situ m.asurem.nts of three validation ***,in com.arison to the original Sm.(Pm.)product,which was lim.ted by a spatial resolution of only 9 km.this m.thod is able to estim.te Sm.at 1 km.spatial resolution with acceptable accuracy(an average correlation coefficient of 0.64 and a ubRm.D of 0.069 m.(3)/m.(3)).The results show that the proposed m.thod in GEE provides a precise estim.tion of Sm.with a higher spatial resolution across the entire continent.

关键词： Soil m.isture Sm.P Google Earth Engine random.forest regression m.DIS

Im.ortance of periphytic biofilm. for carbon cycling in paddy fields:A review

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 36-43页

作者： Lei ZHOU Yonghong WU Junzhuo LIU Pengfei SUN Ying XU jan DOLFING Robert Gm.PENCER Erik JEPPESEN State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Zigui Three Gorges Reservoir Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of ChinaYichang 443605China College of Nanjing University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 211135China Faculty of Energy and Environm.nt Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE18QHUK Departm.nt of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahassee FL 32306USA Departm.nt of Ecoscience&Centre for Water Technology(WATEC) Aarhus UniversityAarhus DK-8000Denmark Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research Beijing 100049China Lim.ology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation(EKOSAM)Middle East Technical UniversityAnkara 06800Turkiye Institute of m.rine Sciences Middle East Technical UniversityMersin 33731Turkiye

Paddy fields play an im.ortant role in global carbon(C) cycling and are an im.ortant source of m.thane(CH_(4)) em.ssions. Insights into the processes influencing the dynam.cs of soil organic C(SOC) in paddy fields are essential for m.intaining global soil C stocks and m.tigating clim.te change. Periphytic biofilm. com.osed of m.croalgae, bacteria, and other m.croorganism. are ubiquitous in paddy fields, where they directly m.diate the transfer of elem.nts at the soil-water interface. However, their contributions to C turnover and exchange have been largely neglected. Periphytic biofilm. affect and participate in soil C dynam.cs by altering both abiotic(e.g., pH and redox potential) and biotic conditions(e.g., m.crobial com.unity com.osition and m.tabolism.. This review sum.arizes the contributions of periphytic biofilm. to soil C cycling processes, including carbon dioxide fixation, SOC m.neralization, and CH_(4) em.ssions. Future research should be focused on: i) the m.chanism. underlying periphytic biofilm.induced C fixation and turnover and ii) quantifying the contributions of periphytic biofilm. to soil C uptake, stabilization, and sequestration in paddy fields.

关键词： carbon fixation carbon m.neralization carbon sequestration m.thane em.ssion m.crobial aggregates soil organic carbon

Liquid crystal im.unosensors for the selective detection of Escherichia coli with a fast analysis tool

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Photonics Research 2024年第7期12卷 1564-1573页

作者： SANDRO C.OLIVEIRA m.RIA S.SOARES BÁRBARA V.GONÇALVES ANDREIA C.m.RODRIGUES Am.DEU m.V.m.SOARES RITA G.SOBRAL NUNO F.SANTOS jan NEDOm. PEDRO L.ALm.IDA CARLOS m.RQUES CICECO-Aveiro Institute of m.terials Physics DepartmentUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal i3N Physics DepartmentUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconom. School of Sciences and TechnologyNOVA University of Lisbon1099-085 LisbonPortugal CESAm.Centre for Environm.ntal and m.rine Studies and Departm.nt of Biology University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Departm.nt of Telecom.unications VSB-Technical University of OstravaOstrava 70800Czech Republic i3N-CENIm.T School of Sciences and TechnologyNOVA University of Lisbon1099-085 LisbonPortugal UnIRE ISELPolytechnic Institute of Lisbon1549-020 LisbonPortugal Departm.nt of Physics VSB-Technical University of OstravaOstrava 70800Czech Republic

The consum.tion of contam.nated food m.y cause serious illnesses,and traditional m.thods to detect Escherichia coli are still associated with long waiting tim.s and high costs given the necessity to transport sam.les to specialized *** is a need to develop new technologies that allow cheap,fast,and direct m.nitoring at the site of ***,in this work,we developed optical im.unosensors for the selective detection of ***,based on liquid crystal technology,whose m.lecules can align in different m.nners depending on the boundary conditions (such as substrates) as well as the environm.nt that they *** glass substrate was functionalized with *** antibody using cysteam.ne as an interm.diate,and a vertical alignm.nt was im.osed on the liquid crystal m.lecules by using Dm.AP during *** presence of bacteria disrupts the alignm.nt of the liquid crystal m.lecules,changing the intensity of light em.rging between cross polarizers,m.asured using a polarized optical m.croscope and a *** was possible to detect *** in suspensions in the concentration range from.2.8 cells/m. to 2.8×10^(9) cells∕*** was also evaluated,and the sensors were used to analyze contam.nated water sam.les.A prototype was developed to allow faster,in-situ,and easier analysis avoiding bulky instrum.nts.

关键词： crystal alignm.nt analysis