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complex coacervate Materials as Artificial cells

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Accounts of Materials Research 2023年第3期4卷 287-298页

作者： Alexander B.cook Sebastian Novosedlik jan c.M.van Hest Bio-Organic chemistry Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600 MB EindhovenThe Netherlands

cONSPEcTUS:cells have evolved to be self-sustaining compartmentalized systems that consist of many thousands of biomolecules and metabolites interacting in complex cycles and reaction *** subtle intricacies of these self-assembled structures are still largely *** importance of liquid−liquid phase separation(both membraneless and mem-brane bound)is,however,recognized as playing an important role in achieving biological function that is controlled in time and *** biochemical reactions in vitro has been a success of the last decades,for example,establishment of the minimal set of enzymes and nutrients able to replicate cellular activities like the in vitro transcription translation of genes to *** than this though,artificial cell research has the aim of combining synthetic materials and nonliving macromolecules into ordered assemblies with the ability to carry out more complex and ambitious cell-like *** activities can provide insights into fundamental cell processes in simplified and idealized systems but could also have an applied impact in synthetic biology and biotechnology in the *** date,strategies for the bottom-up fabrication of micrometer scale life-like artificial cells have included stabilized water-in-oil droplets,giant unilamellar vesicles(GUV’s),hydrogels,and complex ***-in-oil droplets are a valuable and easy to produce model system for studying cell-like processes;however,the lack of a crowded interior can limit these artificial cells in mimicking life more *** membrane stabilized vesicles,such as GUV’s,have the additional membrane feature of cells but still lack a macromolecularly crowded ***-based artificial cells have a macromolecularly dense interior(although cross-linked)that better mimics cells,in addition to mechanical properties more similar to the viscoelasticity seen in cells but could be seen as being not dynamic in nature and limi

关键词： interior stabilized simplified

Deep reinforcement learning for the optimized operation of large amounts of distributed renewable energy assets

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2023年第1期11卷 106-117页

作者： jan Martin Specht Reinhard Madlener Institute for Future Energy consumer Needs and Behavior(FcN) School of Business and Economics/E.ON Energy Research CenterRWTH Aachen UniversityMathieustraße 1052074AachenGermany Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Sentralbygg 17491GløshaugenTrondheimNorway

This study utilizes machine learning and,more specifically,reinforcement learning(RL)to allow for an optimized,real-time operation of large numbers of decentral flexible assets on private household scale in the electricity *** potential and current obstacles of RL are demonstrated and a guide for interested practitioners is provided on how to tackle similar tasks without advanced skills in neural network *** the application in the energy domain it is demonstrated that state-of-the-art RL algorithms can be trained to control potentially millions of small-scale assets in private *** detail,the applied RL algorithm outperforms common heuristic algorithms and only falls slightly short of the results provided by linear optimization,but at less than a thousandth of the simulation ***,RL paves the way for aggregators of flexible energy assets to optimize profit over multiple use cases in a smart energy grid and thus also provide valuable grid services and a more sustainable operation of private energy assets.

关键词： Reinforcement learning Virtual power plant Aggregation of energy Value stacking Flexibility of decentral energy assets

Role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in gastric cancer:Biological and pharmacological aspects

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第16期20卷 4526-4535页

作者： jan Tr?st J?rgensen Dx-Rx Institute 3480 FredensborgDenmark

Amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene and overexpression of the HER2 protein is found in 15%-20% of patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. The degree of HER2 overexpression and amplification varies with the location of the carcinoma, with higher expression in the gastroesophageal and proximal parts compared to the distal parts of the stomach. Further, HER2 overexpression and amplification also seems to be related to the Lauren histological classification, with higher levels found in the intestinal phenotype compared to the diffuse and mixed types. The prognostic properties of HER2 overexpression and amplification are still under debate, but a large number of studies seem to indicate that HER2 is a negative prognostic factor. The usefulness of HER2 targeted therapy in gastric cancer was demonstrated in the ToGA trial, where HER2-positive patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were randomized to receive 5-FU/capecitabine and cisplatin, either alone or in combination with trastuzumab. A statically significant gain in overall survival was seen in patients who received the combined treatment of trastuzumab and chemotherapy. Patients with a strong overexpression of the HER2 protein (IHc3+) specifically benefited from the treatment, with a median overall survival of 17.9 mo. As a consequence of the positive results of the ToGA trial, patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma are now routinely tested for HER2. The ToGA trial must be characterized as a landmark in the treatment of gastric cancer and it has paved the way for a number of new HER2 targeted compounds such as pertuzumab, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, lapatinib, afatinib, and dacomitinib, which are currently undergoing phase II and III clinical testing. Overall, this review will discuss the current status of HER2 in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer and the future direction in rela

关键词： Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 Gastric cancer Prognostic companion diagnostics Trastuzumab Pertuzumab Ado-trastuzumab emtansine Lapatinib

corrosion and mechanical properties of a novel biomedical WN43magnesium alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第3期9卷 853-865页

作者： Michal Knapek Mária Zemková Adam Gres Eva Jablonská Frantisek Lukác Robert Král jan Bohlen Peter Minárik charles University Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsKe Karlovu 512116 PragueCzech Republic Nuclear Physics Institute of cAS Řež13025068ŘežCzech Republic University of chemistry and Technology Department of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyTechnická5Prague16628 PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of cAS Za Slovankou 318200 PragueCzech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Magnesium Innovation Centre(MagIC)D21502 GeesthachtGermany

Alloying of Mg with rare-earth(RE)elements proved to be beneficial for their in-vitro and in-vivo *** this work,a novel WN43(Mg-4 wt%Y-3 wt%Nd)alloy with a well-defined composition was prepared,where,unlike in the commercial WE43 alloy,the possibly harmful RE mischmetal was substituted by less toxic Nd.A modern spark plasma sintering(SPS)technique was used to effectively produce WN43 samples from atomized *** temperatures of 400℃-550℃ and holding times of 3 or 10 min were used and wellcompacted final materials were successfully *** was shown that a superior combination of corrosion and mechanical properties was attained in the samples sintered at 500℃ and 550℃,while the effect of sintering time was rather *** performance of this material was exceptional within the group of Mg alloys prepared by powder metallurgy and comparable with conventionally prepared ***,it was shown that a great variety of mechanical and corrosion characteristics can be obtained by altering the SPS parameters so as to fulfill case-specific requirements typical of biomedical ***,the novel WN43 alloy prepared by SPS seems to be a particularly suitable material for biomedical use.

关键词： Magnesium Biocompatibility Powder Sintering corrosion Rare earth element

Petrogenesis of Middle Triassic Volcaniclastic Rocks from Balochistan,Pakistan:Implications for the Break-Up of Gondwanaland

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第2期28卷 218-228页

作者： Rehanul Haq Siddiqui M.Qasim jan M.Ishaq Kakar Andrew c.Kerr Abdul Salam Khan Ehsanullah Kakar Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Seiences Quetta 87300 Pakistan National centre of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar Pakistan & COMSTECH Islamabad 44000 Pakistan centre of Excellence in Mineralogy University of Balochistan Quetta 87300 Pakistan School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Cardiff University Main Building Park Place Cardiff Wales CF 10 3AT UK

Basaltic volcanic conglomerates near the Wulgai village in Balochistan occur in the undivided sedimentary rock unit of the Bagh complex which is the mélange zone beneath the Muslim Bagh ophiolite. The presence of Middle Triassic grey radiolarian chert within the upper and lower horizon of the conglomerates suggests that the lavas, from which these conglomerates were principally derived, were eroded and re-deposited in the Middle Triassic. The Wulgai conglomerate contains several textural and mineralogical varieties of volcanic rocks, such as porphyritic, glomerophyric, intersertal and vitrophyric basalts. The main minerals identified in these samples are augite, olivine, plagioclase（An35–78） leucite and nosean, with apatite ilmenite, magnetite and hematite occurring as accessory minerals. These rocks are mildly to strongly-alkaline with low Mg~# and low cr, Ni and co contents suggesting that their parent magma had undergone considerable fractionation prior to eruption. Trace element-enriched mantle-normalized patterns with marked positive Nb anomalies are consistent with 10%–15% melting of an enriched mantle source in a within-plate tectonic setting. It is proposed that this Middle Triassic intra-plate volcanism may represent mantle plume-derived melts related to the Late Triassic rifting of micro-continental blocks（including Afghan, Iran, Karakorum and Lhasa） from the northern margin of Gondwana.

关键词： Middle Triassic Wulgai volcaniclastics juvenile ceno-Tethys

The Modern Applications of Surface Duplex Treatment Technology

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5B期25卷 866-869页

作者： Jerzy Smolik jan Walkowicz Adam Mazurkiewicz Jerzy Tomaszewski Institute for Terotechnology Pulaskiego 6/10 Radom 26-600 PolandInstitute for Terotechnology Pulaskiego 6/10 Radom 26-600 PolandInstitute for Terotechnology Pulaskiego 6/10 Radom 26-600 PolandResearch and Development Center of Motoreducers and Reducers "REDOR " Piekarska 81 Bielsko-Biala 43-300 Poland

The paper presents results of the research carried out by the authors in different fields of plasma surface technologies applications. Three groups of different surface engineering technologies are shown in the paper. The first one concerns the possibility of using the duplex treatment technology for creation of biocompatible diamond-like a-c:H films. The paper presents research results concerning influence of the process parameters of the a-c:H coatings creation by means of the RF PAcVD method in the pure methane atmosphere on their phase structure and mechanical properties. In the second case authors present the concept of a new special multilayer thermal barrier coatings with the PAPVD diffusion barrier layers based on aluminium oxide. As the last one the special application of plasma techniques for creation of composite materials characterized by the muffling of mechanical vibration was presented.

关键词：二相处理 PVD 等离子表面处理 RFPAcVD a-c:H涂层

Diffusion carbide Layers, Formed on the Surface of Steel in the Vacuum Titanizing Process

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5B期25卷 646-648页

作者： KASPRZYcKA Ewa SENATORSKI jan NAKONIEcZNY Aleksander BABUL Tomasz Institute of Precision Mechanics Warsaw PolandInstitute of Precision Mechanics Warsaw PolandInstitute of Precision Mechanics Warsaw PolandInstitute of Precision Mechanics Warsaw Poland

Diffusion layers produced on carbon steel surface in vacuum titanizing process were investigated. Studies of layers thickness, their morphology, titanium, carbon and iron concentration depth profiles in the diffusion zone of titanized layers were carried out. The effect of process parameters such as time and temperature on the kinetics of layer growth on steel surface was investigated. Tribocorrosion resistance of titanized layers was determined.

关键词：扩散层热化学处理真空镀钛耐蚀性抗磨损性

Wintrobe's atlas of clinical hematology

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collapsin response mediator protein-2 plays a major protective role in acute axonal degeneration

2007年

作者： Douglas c Tkachuk jan V Hirschmann Maxwell M Wintrobe

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第5期12卷 692-695页

作者： Jian-Nan Zhang jan c.Koch Department of Neurology University Medicine GottingenGottingenGermany Department of Neurobiology Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of EducationCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain(cNMPB) GottingenGermany

Axonal degeneration is a key pathological feature in many neurological diseases. It often leads to persistent deficits due to the inability of axons to regenerate in the central nervous system. Therefore therapeutic approaches should optimally both attenuate axonal degeneration and foster axonal regeneration. compelling evidence suggests that collapsin response mediator protein-2（cRMP2） might be a molecular target fulfilling these requirements. In this mini-review, we give a compact overview of the known functions of cRMP2 and its molecular interactors in neurite outgrowth and in neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, we discuss in detail our recent findings on the role of cRMP2 in acute axonal degeneration in the optic nerve. We found that the calcium influx induced by the lesion activates the protease calpain which cleaves cRMP2, leading to impairment of axonal transport. Both calpain inhibition and cRMP2 overexpression effectively protected the proximal axons against acute axonal degeneration. Taken together, cRMP2 is further characterized as a central molecular player in acute axonal degeneration and thus evolves as a promising therapeutic target to both counteract axonal degeneration and foster axonal regeneration in neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic diseases.

关键词： collapsin response mediator protein-2 cRMP2 axonal regeneration optic nerve cruch axonaldegeneration calpain axonal transport