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Molecular therapy for hepatic injury and fibrosis:Where are we?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第4期12卷 509-515页

作者： colette c Prosser Roy D Yen jan Wu Transplant Research Institute University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento CA United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY United States

Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response, involving pathways of inflammation and fibrogenesis. In response to various insults, such as alcohol, ischemia, viral agents, and medications or hepatotoxins, hepatocyte damage will cause the release of cytokines and other soluble factors by Kupffer cells and other cell types in the liver. These factors lead to activation of hepatic stellate cells, which synthesize large amounts of extracellular matrix components. With chronic injury and fibrosis, liver architecture and metabolism are disrupted, eventually manifesting as cirrhosis and its complications. In addition to eliminating etiology, such as antiviral therapy and pharmacological intervention, it is encouraging that novel strategies are being developed to directly address hepatic injury and fibrosis at the subcellular and molecular levels. With improvement in understanding these mechanisms and pathways, key steps in injury, signaling, activation, and gene expression are being targeted by molecular modalities and other molecular or gene therapy approaches. This article intends to provide an update in terms of the current status of molecular therapy for hepatic injury and fibrosis and how far we are from clinical utilization of these new therapeutic modalities.

关键词： Fibrosis Gene therapy Hepatic stellate cell Hepatocyte Injury

Turning of aluminum metal matrix composites： influence of the reinforcement and the cutting condition on the surface layer of the workpiece

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Advances in Manufacturing 2016年第3期4卷 225-236页

作者： jan c. Aurich Marco Zimmermann Stefan Schindler Paul Steinmann Institute for Manufacturing Technology and ProductionSystems University of Kaiserslautern KaiserslauternGermany chair of Applied Mechanics University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Erlangen Germany

Aluminum metal matrix composites （Al-MMcs） are difficult to machine. The reinforcement of aluminum using ceramic particles accelerates tool wear. Moreover, demanded machining accuracies or properties of the surface layer are difficult to achieve. In the present study, the effect of silicon carbide reinforcement particles on the surface layer of the workpiece was investigated using multiple cutting conditions for dry turning. Three differently reinforced Al-MMcs regarding the volume percent-age （17% and 30%） and the particle size （0.6 μm and 3 μm） and their non-reinforced matrix were considered as the workpiece materials. The reinforcement and the cutting condition affect the results of turning. A greater particle volume percent improves the surface roughness and decreases the tensile stress in the surface. The smaller particle size caused a lower tensile stress in the surface. A general effect of the particle size on the workpiece roughness can not be concluded. The most important cutting parameter for the surface layer of the workpiece is the feed. Greater feeds decrease the tensile stress in the surface, but deteriorate the surface quality.

关键词： Aluminum metal matrix composite(Al-MMc) Forces . Workpiece roughness Surface Residual stress

Guest editorial: Network architectures and communication protocols for smart industrial IoT applications

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Digital communications and Networks 2023年第2期9卷 293-295页

作者： Fazlullah Khan Joel J.P.c.Rodrigues Mian Ahmad jan Department of computer Science Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan23200Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Federal University of Piauí(UFPI) Brazil Instituto de TelecomunicaçoesPortugal

The rapid growth in hardware technologies and the fourth industrial revolution-Industry 4.0 have enabled the Internet of Things(IoT)to be *** of the main drivers in Industry 4.0 is smart and secured Industrial IoT(IIoT)[1].The IIoT results from the widespread use of computers and the interconnectedness of *** has made software a crucial tool for almost every industry,from bakeries and arts to manufacturing facilities and healthcare systems[2].The IIoT devices can be mobile and geographically distributed over a long distance,which exposes them to network disturbances,Quality of Service(QoS)degradation,and security *** addition,the IIoT is a complex network at a large scale,and there is a dire need for network architecture and protocol design to accommodate these diverse domains and competencies and handle the increasing levels of ***,in this special issue,we aim to focus on the challenges of network architectures and communication protocol design in the context of the smart *** special issue has attracted numerous high-quality research articles and has accepted fourteen research papers[3–16].

关键词： IoT network communication

Harnessing the power of immersive virtual reality-visualization and analysis of 3D earth science data sets

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2019年第4期22卷 237-250,I0002页

作者： Jiayan Zhao jan Oliver Wallgrün Peter c.LaFemina Jim Normandeau Alexander Klippel Department of Geography The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA Department of Geosciences The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA UNAVcO Geodetic Infrastructure UNAVCOIncBoulderCOUSA

The availability and quantity of remotely sensed and terrestrial geospatial data sets are on the ***,these data sets have been analyzed and quarried on 2D desktop computers;however,immersive technologies and specifically immersive virtual reality(iVR)allow for the integration,visualization,analysis,and exploration of these 3D geospatial data *** can deliver remote and large-scale geospatial data sets to the laboratory,providing embodied experiences of field sites across the earth and *** describe a workflow for the ingestion of geospatial data sets and the development of an iVR workbench,and present the application of these for an experience of Iceland’s Thrihnukar volcano where we:(1)combined satellite imagery with terrain elevation data to create a basic reconstruction of the physical site;(2)used terrestrial LiDAR data to provide a geo-referenced point cloud model of the magmatic-volcanic system,as well as the LiDAR intensity values for the identification of rock types;and(3)used Structure-from-Motion(SfM)to construct a photorealistic point cloud of the inside *** workbench provides tools for the direct manipulation of the georeferenced data sets,including scaling,rotation,and translation,and a suite of geometric measurement tools,including length,area,and *** developments will be inspired by an ongoing user study that formally evaluates the workbench’s mature components in the context of fieldwork and analyses activities.

关键词： Immersive virtual reality earth science data visualization workflow virtual fieldwork volcano

Subspecific variation in sperm morphology and performance in the Long-tailed Finch (Poephila acuticauda)

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chinese Birds 2015年第4期6卷 225-234页

作者： Melissah Rowe Simon c.Griffith Antje Hofgaard jan T.Lifjeld Natural History Museum University of Oslo centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis Department of BiosciencesUniversity of Oslo Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Electron Microscopical Unit for Biological Sciences Department of BiosciencesUniversity of Oslo

Background: Evolutionary biology endeavours to explain biological diversity,and as such it is critical to develop an understanding of the adaptive and functional significance of trait *** exhibit remarkable levels of morphological ***,our understanding of the evolutionary causes and functional significance of this variation is limited,especially at the intraspecific ***: We quantified variation in sperm morphology and performance between two subspecies of Long-tailed Finch(Poephila acuticauda acuticauda and ***),a small grassfinch found in tropical northern *** a zone of secondary contact,these subspecies are maintained as two distinct forms: *** occurs in the western part of the species' range and has a yellow bill,while *** exhibits a red bill and is found in the eastern part of the ***: We found small,but significant differences in sperm size between these subspecies(*** had longer and narrower sperm than ***),which was surprising given the recent evolutionary origins of these two taxa(i.e.0.3 million years ago).Additionally,both subspecies exhibited high values of between- and within-male variation in sperm morphology,though in the case of sperm midpiece length this variation was significantly lower in *** relative to ***: We suggest these observed differences in sperm morphology are the result of genetic drift and reflect historical processes associated with divergence between the eastern and western populations of these two ***,we discuss the potential implications of our findings for the process of population divergence and reproductive isolation.

关键词： Passerine Reproductive barriers Sperm evolution Structure-function relationships

国际糖尿病足工作组:指南的制定和方法学(2023)——《国际糖尿病足工作组:糖尿病相关的足病预防与管理指南(2023)》的一部分

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感染、炎症、修复 2024年第1期25卷 72-79页

作者： Sicco A.Bus Matilde Monteiro-Soares Fran Game Jaap J.van Netten jan Apelqvist Robert Fitridge Eric Senneville Nicolaas c.Schaper on behalf of the IWGDF Editorial Board 朱虹何洁(译) 刘芳(审校) Amsterdam UMc University of AmsterdamDepartment of Rehabilitation MedicineAmsterdamthe Netherlands Amsterdam Movement Sciences program Rehabilitation&DevelopmentAmsterdamthe Netherlands Higher School of Health of the Portuguese Red cross LisbonPortugal Department of community Medicine Information and Health Decision Sciences(MEDCIDS)Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal RISE@cINTESIS Faculty of MedicineOporto UniversityPortoPortugal Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation TrustDerbyUK Department of Endocrinology University Hospital of MalmöSweden Discipline of Surgery The University of Adelaide and Vascular and Endovascular ServiceRoyal Adelaide HospitalAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases Gustave Dron HospitalTourcoingFrance Division of Endocrinology MUMC+CARIM and CAPHRI InstituteMaastrichtthe Netherlands 不详温州医科大学附属第一医院内分泌科浙江温州325000 上海交通大学医学院附属第一医院内分泌代谢科上海200080

糖尿病相关的足病是造成糖尿病患者经济负担和增加社会成本的主要原因之一。本指南以主要目标为导向,以循证医学为依据,且在全球得到合理实施。践行国际糖尿病相关的足病指南对于减轻患者经济负担和社会成本有着重要影响。国际糖尿病足... 详细信息

糖尿病相关的足病是造成糖尿病患者经济负担和增加社会成本的主要原因之一。本指南以主要目标为导向,以循证医学为依据,且在全球得到合理实施。践行国际糖尿病相关的足病指南对于减轻患者经济负担和社会成本有着重要影响。国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)从1999年起开始发布并随后更新国际指南。2023年更新版指南相关推荐均基于推荐、评估、发展和评价分级(GRADE)系统,包括制定相关临床问题和重要结局,完成系统的文献系统综述和荟萃分析,完成评判表汇总,并且给予具体、明确、操作性强的推荐以及理论依据。本文阐述了《国际糖尿病足工作组:糖尿病相关的足病预防和管理指南(2023版)》(以下简称为指南)的制定过程。指南由7个部分组成,包括预防、糖尿病相关的足溃疡分类、减压、周围动脉病变、感染、创面愈合干预以及活动性夏科神经骨关节病,分别由7个独立的国际专家工作组编写。IWGDF编辑委员会对7个章节进行了整合和简化,形成IWGDF实践指南。指南中的每条推荐均经过IWGDF编辑委员会成员和相关领域的独立的国际专家审阅通过。本文是IWGDF指南的制定和方法学。我们相信,医务人员、公共卫生机构和政策制定者采用和实施2023年IWGDF指南,将会改善糖尿病相关的足病的预防和管理水平,从而减少全球该疾病患者和减轻该疾病引起的全球社会负担。

关键词：指南糖尿病糖尿病相关的足病方法学国际糖尿病足工作组

Effect of gap size and forest type on mineral nitrogen forms under different soil properties

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 375-386页

作者： Ales Kucera Ladislav Holik Elena Munoz cerro jan Petricek Department of Geology and Pedology Mendel University in BrnoZemedelska361300 BrnoCzech Republic crop Research Institute Drnovska507/7316106 Praha 6–RuzyneCzech Republic Institute for Research in Sustainable Forest Management University of ValladolidPalenciaCastille and LeonSpain

Gaps play a key role in forest ecosystem development and result from either natural processes or targeted forest management *** aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationships of soil properties in each of three forest types and two treatments,and to identify factors that influence levels of soil mineral nitrogen *** relation between mineral nitrogen and factors of soil parameters and stand type(European beech,Norway spruce,mixed stand)categories were *** spruce forest type stored significant nitrogen in both mineral forms of ***,there was a significant linear dependence between N-NO3^-(nitrate anion)concentrations and cation exchange capacity(cEc)parameters such as base cation contents(S-cEc)and potential ureolytic activities(UreasePot),as well as between N-NH4^+(ammonium cation)concentrations and both hydrolytic acidities(Ha-cEc)and ureolytic *** dependence of N-NO3^-concentrations on S-cEc contents and UreasePot was negative,especially in adjacent *** dependence of N-NH4^+concentrations on Ha-cEc and UreasePot was week in the beech and mixed forest types while it was significantly positive in the spruce forest type.

关键词： NH4+ NO3^- Urease Protease European beech Norway spruce

Effect of gear teeth finishing method on properties of teeth surface layer and its resistance to pitting wear creation

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Journal of central South University 2016年第1期23卷 68-76页

作者： jan Zwolak Arkadiusz Palczak Department of Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences The University of Rzeszow Rejtana Ave. 16C Rzeszow 35-959 Poland

This work presented the characteristics of two gear teeth finishing methods, due to the properties of gear teeth surface layer obtained at the tooth working depth. These methods are: 1) the teeth carburization, hardening to a hardness of HRc 60-62 and then grinding, 2) the soft gear shaving as the final mechanical treatment and then carburizing and hardening to the hardness of HRc60-62. This work included the test results of the contact fatigue strength carried out on the circulating power system. The Wohler curves were plotted due to the obtained results, as the basis for the practical evaluation of the considered gear finishing methods. The parameters like volume distribution of the voids, content of the retained austenite, compressive residual stress value, but also the results of contact fatigue strength tests, are more favorable for the teeth shaving method than for the teeth grinding method.

关键词： gear teeth finishing treatment surface layer contact fatigue strength pitting

Machine perfusion in abdominal organ transplantation: current use in the Netherlands

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World Journal of Transplantation 2020年第1期10卷 15-28页

作者： Elsaline Rijkse jan NM IJzermans Robert c Minnee Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery Department of Surgery Erasmus MC University Medical Center

Scarcity of donor organs and the increment in patients awaiting a transplant increased the use of organs from expanded criteria donors or donation after circulatory *** to the suboptimal outcomes of these donor organs,there is an increased interest in better preservation methods,such as ex vivo machine perfusion or abdominal regional perfusion to improve *** state-ofthe-art review aims to discuss the available types of perfusion techniques,its potential benefits and the available evidence in kidney,liver and pancreas ***,translational steps from animal models towards clinical studies will be described,as well as its application to clinical practice,with the focus on the *** the lack of evidence from randomized controlled trials,currently available data suggest especially beneficial effects of normothermic regional perfusion on biliary complications and ischemic cholangiopathy after liver *** ex vivo machine perfusion in kidney transplantation,hypothermic machine perfusion has proven to be beneficial over static cold storage in a randomized controlled trial,while normothermic machine perfusion is currently under *** ex vivo machine perfusion in liver transplantation,normothermic machine perfusion has proven to reduce discard rates and early allograft *** response to clinical studies,hypothermic machine perfusion for deceased donor kidneys has already been implemented as standard of care in the Netherlands.

关键词： Machine perfusion Review Kidney transplantation Liver transplantation Pancreas transplantation