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Measurement and quantification of caking in excipients and food products with emphasis on the non-homogeneous interaction with ambient moisture

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Particuology 2021年第3期19卷 75-83页

作者： Katrina Brockbank Brian Armstrong jamie Clayton Freeman Technology Ltd 1 Miller CourtSevern DriveTewkesburyGloucestershireGL208DNUK

Whilst caking occurs via several different mechanisms,absorption and migration of moisture is frequently the most dominant mechanism within the food and pharmaceutical *** understanding the propensity to cake is important for minimising down-stream process issues,however most characterisation techniques assume that moisture induced caking occurs homogenously through the sample resulting in a uniformly caked powder *** this study,the effect of moisture induced caking on powder flowability was investigated using powder *** materials,including skimmed milk powder(SMP)and sulphated methyl ester(SME)were stored for several days under controlled humidity *** flow energies,a measure of the resistance to flow,were measured at 24 h intervals using an FT4 Powder *** the energy is measured as a function of the bed height,variations in the powder bed are also *** results demonstrated that caking does not always occur uniformly,instead a caked region(or crust)forms at the air-powder interface and then progresses through the powder ***,the strength of this caked region was shown to increase over several days before stabilising.

关键词： Powder Caking Crust formation Powder rheometry Relative humidity

Experimental Set-up for Determining Soil Water Retention Curves for Granular Soils During Drying

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第6期88卷 1875-1883页

作者： LI Qingtian jamie STANDING China Zhonghua Geotechnical Engineering Co. Ltd Imperial College London South Kensington.SW7 2AZ UK

Soil water retention curves（SWRCs） provide an important means of describing the response of unsaturated soils during drying / wetting processes in terms of variations of degree of saturation, water content or void ratio with suction. A key consideration in generating these curves is how to measure the suction. Frequently the filter paper technique is adopted, especially when high suctions are developed, e.g. with plastic clays. As each measurement takes at least a week with this technique, it can take months or years to generate a full SWRC in drying and wetting. Developments in laboratory tensiometers now allow matrix suctions up to about 1.5 MPa to be measured. With such a device it is possible to develop SWRCs for granular soils such as silts and clays in hours or days by continuous measurement. This paper describes an experimental set-up that was developed to measure changes in volume, water content and matrix suction during drying of three granular soils. Limitations of the apparatus and usefulness of the curves are discussed.

关键词： unsaturated soils suction SWRC tensiometers

A review of modern treeline migration, the factors controlling it and the implications for carbon storage

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第2期18卷 291-306页

作者： HANSSON Amanda DARGUSCH Paul SHULMEISTER jamie School of Earth and Environmental Science University of QueenslandBrisbane QLD 4072Australia School of Earth and Environment University of CanterburyChristchurch 8140New Zealand

Numerous studies have reported that treelines are moving to higher elevations and higher *** treelines are temperature limited and warmer climate expands the area in which trees are capable of ***,climate change has been assumed to be the main driver behind this treeline *** latest review of treeline studies was published in 2009 by Harsch et *** then,a plethora of papers have been published studying local treeline *** we bring together this knowledge through a review of 142 treeline related publications,including 477 study *** summarize the information known about factors limiting tree-growth at and near *** migration is not only dependent on favorable growing conditions but also requires seedling establishment and survival above the current *** conditions appear to have become favorable at many locations,particularly so in recent *** review revealed that at 66%of these treeline sites forest cover had increased in elevational or latitudinal *** physical form of treelines influences how likely they are to migrate and can be used as an indicator when predicting future treeline *** analysis also revealed that while a greater percentage of elevational treelines are moving,the latitudinal treelines are capable of moving at greater horizontal *** can potentially have substantial impacts on ecosystem carbon *** conclude the review,we present the three main hypotheses as to whether ecosystem carbon budgets will be reduced,increased or remain the same due to treeline *** the answer still remains under debate,we believe that all three hypotheses are likely to apply depending on the encroached ***,evidence is emerging on how treeline migration may turn tundra landscapes from net sinks to net sources of carbon dioxide in the future.

关键词： Treeline advance Treeline migration Forest dynamics Alpine forests Ecosystem carbon storage Carbon sequestration Global meta-analysis

Additive manufacturing of mechanical testing samples based on virgin poly （lactic acid）（PLA） and PLA/wood fibre composites

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Advances in Manufacturing 2018年第1期6卷 71-82页

作者： Yu Dong jamie Milentis Alokesh Pramanik Department of Mechanical Engineering Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Australia

3D printing in additive manufacturing is con-sidered as one of key technologies to the future high-pre-cision manufacturing in order to benefit diverse industriesin building construction, product development, biomedicalinnovation, etc. The increasing applications of 3D printedcomponents depend primarily on their significant merits ofreduced weight, minimum used materials, high precisionand shorter production time. Furthermore, it is very crucialthat such 3D printed components can maintain the same oreven better material performance and product quality asthose achieved by conventional manufacturing *** study successfully fabricated 3D printed mechanicaltesting samples of PLA and PLA/wood fibre composites.3D printing parameters including infill density, layer heightand the number of shells were investigated via design ofexperiments （DOE）, among which the number of shells wasdetermined as the most significant factor for maximisingtensile strengths of PLA samples. Further, DoE workevaluated the effect of material type （i.e., neat PLA andPLA/wood fibres） and the number of shells on tensile,flexural and impact strengths of material samples. It issuggested that material type is the only predominant factorfor maximising all mechanical strengths, which howeverare consistently lower for PLA/wood fibre compositeswhen compared with those of neat PLA. Increasing thenumber of shells, on the other hand, has been found toimprove almost all strength levels and decrease infillcavities.

关键词： Additive manufacturing (AM) Poly (lacticacid) (PLA) Wood fibres Polymer composites Designof experiments (DoEs)

Global warming potential associated with Irish milk powder production

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 123-130页

作者： William Finnegan jamie Goggins Aksana Chyzheuskaya Xinmin Zhan College of Engineering and nformatics National University of Ireland Galway H91 HX31 Galway Ireland Ryan Institute for Environmental Marine and Energy Research National University of Ireland Galway H91 DK59 Galway Ireland Centre for Marine and Renewable Energy (MaREI) H91 HX31 Galway Ireland Socio-Economic Marine Research Unit (SEMRU) National University of Ireland Galway H91 WN80 Galway Ireland

Climate change is an ever growing issue and a major concem worldwide. Both producers and processors need to address the issue now by reducing, their carbon footprint. Additionally, if Ireland is to meet their climate and energy targets, as outlined in Food Harvest 2020, which outlines a range ot objectives for the Irish agricultural sector, the efficient use of resources and fuels within the industry will need to be increased. In Ireland, agriculture accounts for 29.2% of the total greenhouse gas powder, is examined in order to estimate the global warming potential （GWP） associated with its manufacture using life cycle assessment. A cradle-to-processing factory gate analysis, which includes raw milk production, raw milk transportation to the processmg tactory, its processing into eacla product and product packaging, is assessed in this study using data collected circa 2013. The factories surveyed processed approximately 24% of the total raw milk processed in the Republic of Ireland in 2013, which was 5.83 billion liter. The average total GWP associated with the manufacture of milk powder is 9.731 kg CO2eq·kg^-1 milk powder, which has a standard deviation of 2.26 kg CO2eq·kg^-1 milk powder, for the life cycle stages analyzed in this study. The most significant contributor to GWP is raw milk production （84%）, followed by dairy processing （14%）, with the remainder of the life cycle stages contributing approximately 2%.

关键词： Dairy Global wanning potential Ireland Life cycle assessment Milk powder Milk production

The modern testicular prosthesis:patient selection and counseling,surgical technique,and outcomes

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第1期22卷 64-69页

作者： Solomon Hayon jamie Michael R Matthew Coward Department of Urology University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27500-7235USA University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel HillNC 27500-7235USA

The testicular prosthesis can be an afterthought for providers when performing an orchiectomy for testicular cancer,torsion,atrophic testis,or ***,data suggest that patients find the offer of a testicular prosthesis and counseling regarding placement to be extremely important from both a pragmatic and a psychosocial *** two-thirds of men undergoing orchiectomy are offered an implant at the time of orchiectomy and of those offered about one-third move forward with prosthesis *** relatively low acceptance rate is in stark contrast with high patient satisfaction and low complication rates for those who undergo the *** most common postoperative patient concerns are minor and involve implant positioning,size,and ***,we provide an up-to-date review of modern preoperative evaluation,patient selection,expectation management,surgical technique,and expected outcomes for testicular prostheses.

关键词： anorchia orchiectomy patient satisfaction prostheses and implants testicular neoplasms testis

Miniaturized Twin-legged Robot with an Electromagnetic Oscillatory Actuator

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第1期15卷 106-113页

作者： Buhyun Shin Youngshik Kim jamie Paik Kyung-min Lee Department of Mechanical Engineering Hanbat National University 125 Dongseodaero Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34158 Republic of Korea The Institute of Mechanical Engineering EPFL BM 4118 Station 17 1015-Lausanne Switzerland School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam University 280 Daehak-Ro Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea

There have been many studies on the moving mechanism of micro robots, such as stick-slip, inchworm like motion, and impact drive. Novel actuators like lead zirconate titanate （PZT）, Shape Memory Alloy （SMA）, magnetostrictive materials, electromagnetic actuators, electoractive polymers, ultrasonic linear motors, and dielectric elastomers are utilized to realize the moving mechanism. The use of a conventional electromagnetic actuator is unfavorable, because of a few drawbacks, such as generation of stray magnetic fields, hard to miniaturize to the millimeter scale because of 3D integration and a scaling law, and power consumption to maintain a certain position. This research presents a micro robot that uses an electromagnetic actuator customized and developed for micro robot. The electromagnetic actuator is designed from a Brushless Direct Current （BLDC） motor to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above. The developed robot is composed of two electromagnetic actuators. The overall size of the robot is 20 mm × 11 mm× 9 mm （length × height × width） and the weight is 3 g. The developed robot is able to move bidirectionally with a maximum moving speed of 15.76 mm·s︿-1 （0.79 body-length per second）. The optimal conditions of an input signal are calculated theoretically and verified with experiments.

关键词： electromagnetic actuator oscillatory actuator bionic micro robot stick-slip brushless DC motor

Clawed Miniature Inchworm Robot Driven by Electromagnetic Oscillatory Actuator

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2015年第4期12卷 519-526页

作者： Kyung-min Lee Youngshik Kim jamie K. Paik Buhyun Shin Korean Intellectual Property Office Gov. Complex-Daejeon Bldg. 4 189 Cheongsa-ro Se-gu Daejeon 302-701 Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Hanbat National University 125 Dongseodaero Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-719 Korea The Institute of Mechanical Engineering EPFL STIlGM UPPAIK BM 4118 (B~timent BM) Station 17 Switzerland

In this research we propose a novel inchworm robot, which is composed of an Electromagnetic Oscillatory Actuator （EOA） and claws. The EOA consists of a yoke, a magnet, and a coil. The overall robot size is 12.2 mm x 11 mm x 9 mm （length x height ~ width）. The locomotion of the robot is achieved by different amounts of slips when the robot stretches and contracts its front leg. To realize locomotion, the working conditions were calculated theoretically and the calculated input signal was applied to the robot. The performance of the inchworm robot was evaluated experimentally with varying input voltages and frequencies. A simple op-amps based driving circuit was used to provide a square-wave input. Travel speed, average distance per step of the robot, and moving distance of the leg and body at each step were measured. The maximum travel speed was 36 mm-s-1 at 30 Hz, which validates our simple locomotion strategy experimentally.

关键词： electromagnetic actuator micro mobile robot inchworm crawler locomotion

A global analysis of coastal flood risk to the petrochemical distribution network in a changing climate

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Resilient Cities and Structures 2022年第3期1卷 52-60页

作者： Kendall M.Capshaw jamie E.Padgett Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA

The global petroleum distribution network already faces a significant threat of disruption due to annual coastal flooding of major refining centers,which is expected to further increase with the effects of climate *** study considers the impacts that sea level rise projections might have on the annual flood risk to coastal refineries,and how regional disruptions propagate across the *** the annual regional risk in terms of expected production disruption under a range of climate scenarios,as well as the expected production disruption due to a major flood event impacting refining hubs of high importance are assessed throughout the 21 st *** risks are propagated across the network to model the global impact of coastal flood-induced refining *** analysis provides insights on the relative risks that different climate scenarios and flood events pose globally,informing potential mitigation and adaptation needs of critical *** to the highly interconnected nature of the global petroleum product distribution network,these results highlight the need for mitigation considerations for even regions with low domestic production disruption risk due to coastal flood hazards,as disruptions in remote regions can have cascading consequences resulting in significant disruption to petroleum product supply around the ***,such results can inform decisions regarding technology transitions or energy diversification in light of the new understanding of climate risks to coastal refineries and the global petroleum distribution network.

关键词： Global risk Coastal flood Refining infrastructure Distribution network disruption Sea level rise