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赤道太平洋中的生物地球化学相互作用

人类环境杂志 1994年第1期23卷 62-66页

作者： Richard T.Barber Jr. james w.murray james J.McCarthy 张康生杜克大学环境学院海洋实验室华盛顿大学海洋学学院比较动物学陈列馆

在1992年,"全球海洋通量联合研究(JGOFS)"调查了赤道中部太平洋中的生物地球化学通量。赤道太平洋是赤道大气CO_2最大的天然来源,但通量的量级随厄尔·尼诺南方涛动而发生年际变化。赤道上涌水流低下的沉积物富含有机碳,这表明存在一股... 详细信息

在1992年,"全球海洋通量联合研究(JGOFS)"调查了赤道中部太平洋中的生物地球化学通量。赤道太平洋是赤道大气CO_2最大的天然来源,但通量的量级随厄尔·尼诺南方涛动而发生年际变化。赤道上涌水流低下的沉积物富含有机碳,这表明存在一股强大的输出通量,但同期新的初级生产力比根据新营养物的相对浓度所预测的值低。这项多学科的JGOFS研究计划的目的是,解决这一系统中明显的矛盾,并且评价赤道物理和生物过程在调控海洋-大气碳交换方面所起的作用。

关键词：赤道太平洋生物地球化学

Impact of source tissue and ex vivo expansion on the characterization of goat mesenchymal stem cells

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 230-251页

作者： Nuradilla Mohamad-Fauzi Pablo J Ross Elizabeth A Maga james D murray Department of Animal Science University of California Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Malaya Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California

Background： There is considerable interest in using goats as models for genetically engineering dairy animals and also for using stem cells as therapeutics for bone and cartilage repair. Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have been isolated and characterized from various species, but are poorly characterized in goats. Results： Goat MSCs isolated from bone marrow （BM-MSCs） and adipose tissue （ASCs） have the ability to undergo osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Cytochemical staining and gene expression analysis show that ASCs have a greater capacity for adipogenic differentiation compared to BM-MSCs and fibroblasts. Different methods of inducing adipogenesis also affect the extent and profile of adipogenic differentiation in MSCs. Goat fibroblasts were not capable of osteogenesis, hence distinguishing them from the MSCs. Goat MSCs and fibroblasts express CD90, CD105, CD73 but not CD45, and exhibit cytoplasmic localization of OCT4 protein. Goat MSCs can be stably transfected by Nucleofection, but, as evidenced by colony-forming efficiency （CFE）, yield significantly different levels of progenitor cells that are robust enough to proliferate into colonies of integrants following G418 selection. BM-MSCs expanded over increasing passages in vitro maintained karyotypic stability up to 20 passages in culture, exhibited an increase in adipogenic differentiation and CFE, but showed altered morphology and amenability to genetic modification by selection. Conclusions： Our findings provide characterization information on goat MSCs, and show that there can be significant differences between MSCs isolated from different tissues and from within the same tissue. Fibroblasts do not exhibit trilineage differentiation potential at the same capacity as MSCs, making it a more reliable method for distinguishing MSCs from fibroblasts, compared to cell surface marker expression.

关键词： Adipose Bone marrow Characterization Differentiation Goat Mesenchymal stem cells

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease: An association study in New Zealand Caucasians and meta-analysis

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第39期19卷 6656-6664页

作者： james D Falvey Robert w Bentley Tony R Merriman Mark B Hampton murray L Barclay Richard B Gearry Rebecca L Roberts Department of Medicine University of OtagoChristchurch 8011New Zealand Department of Gastroenterology Christchurch HospitalChristchurch 8011New Zealand Department of Biochemistry University of OtagoDunedin 9054New Zealand Department of Pathology University of OtagoChristchurch 8011New Zealand Department of Surgical Sciences Dunedin School of MedicineDunedin 9054New Zealand

AIM:To investigate the association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)promoter polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)***:One thousand and six New Zealand Caucasian cases and 540 Caucasian controls were genotyped for the MIF SNP-173G>C(rs755622)and the repeat polymorphism CATT5-8(rs5844572)using a predesigned TaqMan SNP assay and capillary electrophoresis,*** were analysed for single site and haplotype association with IBD risk and ***-analysis was employed,to assess cumulative evidence of association of MIF-173G>C with *** published genotype data for MIF-173G>C in IBD were identified using PubMed and subsequently searching the references of all PubMed-identified *** genotypes for MIF-173G>C were generated from the wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium(and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases).Separate meta-analyses were performed on Caucasian Crohn’s disease(CD)(3863 patients,6031controls),Caucasian ulcerative colitis(UC)(1260 patients,1987 controls),and East Asian UC(416 patients and 789 controls)datasets using the Mantel-Haenszel *** New Zealand dataset had 93%power,and the meta-analyses had 100%power to detect an effect size of OR=1.40 atα=0.05,***:In our New Zealand dataset,single-site analysis found no evidence of association of MIF polymorphisms with overall risk of CD,UC,and IBD or disease phenotype(all P values>0.05).Haplotype analysis found the CATT5/-173C haplotype occurred at a higher frequency in New Zealand controls compared to IBD patients(0.6 vs 0.01;P=0.03,OR=0.22;95%CI:0.05-0.99),but this association did not survive bonferroni ***-analysis of our New Zealand MIF-173G>C data with data from seven additional Caucasian datasets using a random effects model found no association of MIF polymorphisms with CD,UC,or overall ***,meta-analysis of all published MIF-173G>C data from East Asian datasets(416UC patients

关键词： Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Migration inhibitory factor rs755622 rs5844572 Genetic association study

Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals for specific pathogen free 6-week-old Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 286-290页

作者： Caitlin A Cooper Luis E Moraes james D murray Sean D Owens Department of Animal Science University of California Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California Department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California One Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA

Background： Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals depend on many factors, including age. A review of the literature highlights the lack of reference intervals for 6-wk-old specific pathogen free （SPF） Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs. For translational research, 6-wk-old pigs represent an important animal model for both human juvenile colitis and diabetes mellitus type 2 given the similarities between the porcine and human gastrointestinal maturation process. The aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for hematological and biochemical parameters in healthy 6-wk-old crossbred pigs. Blood samples were collected from 66 clinically healthy Hampshire-Yorkshire pigs. The pigs were 6 wks old, represented both sexes, and were housed in a SPF facility. Automated hematological and biochemical analysis were performed using an ADVIA 120 Hematology System and a Cobas 6000 C501 Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. Results： Reference intervals were calculated using both parametric and nonparametric methods. The mean, median, minimum, and maximum values were calculated. Conclusion： As pigs are used more frequently as medical models of human disease, having reference intervals for commonly measured hematological and biochemical parameters in 6-wk-old pigs will be useful. The reference intervals calculated in this study will aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of both naturally occurring and experimentally induced disease. In comparison to published reference intervals for older non SPF pigs, notable differences in leukocyte populations, and in levels of sodium, potassium, glucose, protein, and alkaline phosphatase were observed.

关键词： Biochemical analytes Hematology Pigs Reference interval SPF

Comprehensive Transcriptome Analysis of Auxin Responses in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 321-337页

作者： Ivan A. Paponov Martina Paponovt william Teale Margit Menges Sohini Chakrabortee james A.H. murray Klaus Palme Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Schanzlestrasse 1 79104 Freiburg Germany Institute of Biotechnology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1QT United Kingdom

In plants, the hormone auxin shapes gene expression to regulate growth and development. Despite the detailed characterization of auxin-inducible genes, a comprehensive overview of the temporal and spatial dynamics of auxinregulated gene expression is lacking. Here, we analyze transcriptome data from many publicly available Arabidopsis profiling experiments and assess tissue-specific gene expression both in response to auxin concentration and exposure time and in relation to other plant growth regulators. Our analysis shows that the primary response to auxin over a wide range of auxin application conditions and in specific tissues comprises almost exclusively the up-regulation of genes and iden- tifies the most robust auxin marker genes. Tissue-specific auxin responses correlate with differential expression of Aux/ IAA genes and the subsequent regulation of context- and sequence-specific patterns of gene expression. Changes in transcript levels were consistent with a distinct sequence of conjugation, increased transport capacity and down-regulation of biosynthesis in the temperance of high cellular auxin concentrations. Our data show that auxin regulates genes associated with the biosynthesis, catabolism and signaling pathways of other phytohormones. we present a transcriptional overview of the auxin response. Specific interactions between auxin and other phytohormones are highlighted, particularly the regulation of their metabolism. Our analysis provides a roadmap for auxin-dependent processes that underpins the concept of an ＇auxin code＇-a tissue-specific fingerprint of gene expression that initiates specific developmental processes.

关键词： Alcohol Abstinence Genes transport capacity transcriptomics Tissue-Specific Gene Expression Auxins Arabidopsis Plant Growth Regulators

waterbird use of farm dams in south-eastern Australia:abundance and influence of biophysical and landscape characteristics

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Chinese Birds 2017年第1期8卷 12-24页

作者： Andrew J.Hamilton ChloéConort Aurore Bueno Christopher G.murray james R.Grove Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneDookie CampusCurrawaVIC 3647Australia Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor(Research and Innovation) Federation University AustraliaBallaratVIC 3353Australia Department of Rural Health Melbourne Medical School49 Graham StreetPO Box 6500SheppartonVIC 3632Australia École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse 31326 Castanet TolosanFrance Faculty of Science The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Faculty of Science Department of GeographyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

Background: while agriculture has taken much environmental water in Australia's murray-Darling Basin, agricultural expansion has resulted in a vast number of farm dams, almost three-quarters of a million in the murray-Darling Basin ***: Over a summer we studied(1) waterbird abundance and species richness and(2) the influence of biophysical and landscape characteristics across 49 farm dams at a large mixed-enterprise farm in northern Victoria on the southern reach of the murray-Darling ***: On average, dams were found to host 27.1 ± 71.1 individuals/ha and 1.8 ± 2.9 species per pond. Such densities are comparable to those on natural wetlands. Dam surface area and perimeter and amount of vegetation were positively and strongly correlated with the Rallidae density(birds/ha), but no other parameters were strongly correlated with any other functional group. The landscape in which the dams were embedded had a highly significant effect(p with further studies in other parts of the Basin and on other taxa, but given at our site they supported similar densities of individuals and species to natural wetlands, and given the fact that there are 710,539 farm dams in the murray-Darling Basin, which hosts much of Australia's waterbird fauna, it is reasonable to suggest that farm dams are overlooked, and possibly very important, avian biodiversity hotspots. It also highlights the importance of a landscape setting, in which dams are situated, on the number of birds using the dams.

关键词： Farm ponds waterbirds waterfowl Zooplankton

Significance of ichnofossils to genetic stratigraphy——Examples from the Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada

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Science China Earth Sciences 2000年第5期43卷 541-560页

作者： S.George Pemberton james A.MacEachern murray K.Gingras 张建平 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanadaT6G 2E3 Earth Sciences Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5A 1S6 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanadaT6G 2E3 Department of GeologyChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Correspondence should be addressed to zhang Jianping

Trace fossils represent both sedimentological and paleontological entities, representing a unique blending of potential environmental indicators in the rock record. Trace fossils and trace fossil suites can be employed effectively to aid in the recognition of various discontinuity types and to assist in their genetic interpretation. Ichnology may be employed to resolve surfaces of strati-graphic significance in two main ways: 1) through the identification of discontinuities using substrate-controlled ichnofacies, and 2) through careful analysis of vertical softground (penecontem-poraneous) ichnologic successions (analogous to facies successions). Ichnological analysis is a valuable tool in genetic stratigraphic studies. Integrating the data derived from substrate-controlled ichnofacies with paleoecological data from vertical ichnologic successions greatly enhances the recognition and interpretation of a wide variety of stratigraphic surfaces. when this is coupled with conventional facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy, a powerful approach to the interpretation of the rock record is generated.

关键词： trace fossils Glossifungites ichnofacies genetic stratigraphy sequence boundaries western Canada sedimentary Basin Cretaceous.

Economic Assessment and Review of waterless Fracturing Technologies in Shale Resource Development: A Case Study

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第5期28卷 933-948页

作者： Iman Oraki Kohshou Reza Barati Meaghan Cassey Yorro Tim Leshchyshyn Adebola T. Adejumo Usman Ahmed Imre Kugler murray Reynolds james McAndrew University of wyoming Department of Petroleum Engineering Laramie WY 82071 USA Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA Forum Energy Technologies Houston TX 77024 USA FracKnowledge//Fracturing Horizontal well Completions Inc. Calgary AB 72G 0X8 Canada Halliburton Houston TX 77032 USA Unconventional Oil and Gas technology and Development and WellDog Laramie WY 82070 USA IHS Markit Houston TX 77077 USA Ferus Calgary AB T2P 3C5 Canada AirLiquide Greater Philadelphia Area Philadelphia 19019 USA

Our database tracking of USA water usage per well indicates that traditionally shale operators have been using, on average 3 to 6 million gallons of water; even up to 8 million for the en- tire life cycle of the well based on its suitability for re-fracturing to stimulate their long and lateral ho- rizontal welis. According to our data, sourcing, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of this large volume of water could account for up to 10% of overall drilling and completion costs. with in- creasingly stringent regulations governing the use of fresh water and growing challenges associated with storage and use of produced and flowback water in hydraulic fracturing, finding alternative sources of fracturing fluid is already a hot debate among both the scientific community and industry experts. On the other hand, waterless fracturing technology providers claim their technology can solve the concerns of water availability for shale development. This study reviews high-level technical issues and opportunities in this challenging and growing market and evaluates key economic drivers behind water management practices such as waterless fracturing technologies, based on a given shale gas play in the United States and experience gained in Canada. water costs are analyzed under a variety of scenarios with and without the use of （fresh） water. The results are complemented by surveys from several oil and gas operators. Our economic analysis shows that fresh water usage offers the greatest economic return. In regions where water sourcing is a challenge, however, the short-term economic advantage of using non-fresh water-based fracturing outweighs the capital costs required by waterless fracturing methods. Until waterless methods are cost competitive, recycled water usage with low treatment offers a similar net present value （NPV） to that of sourcing freshwater via truck, for in- stance.

关键词： shale gas gas exploration fracturing techology fracturing fluid waterless fracturing.

Novel data-driven subtypes and stages of brain atrophy in the ALS-FTD spectrum

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 50-69页

作者： Ting Shen Jacob w.Vogel Jeffrey Duda Jeffrey S.Phillips Philip ACook james Gee Lauren Elman Colin Quinn Defne A.Amado Michael Baer Lauren Massimo murray Grossman David J.Irwin Corey T.McMillan Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center Department of NeurologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Clinical Sciences SciLifeLabLund University22242 LundSweden Penn Image Computing and Science Lab(PICSL) Department of RadiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of Penn-sylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Neurology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Digital Neuropathology Laboratory Department of NeurologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA.

Background TDP-43 proteinopathies represent a spectrum of neurological disorders,anchored clinically on either end by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and frontotemporal degeneration(FTD).The ALS-FTD spectrum exhibits a diverse range of clinical presentations with overlapping phenotypes,highlighting its *** study was aimed to use disease progression modeling to identify novel data-driven spatial and temporal subtypes of brain atrophy and its progression in the ALS-FTD *** we used a data-driven procedure to identify 13 anatomic clusters of brain volume for 57 behavioral variant FTD(bvFTD;with either autopsy-confirmed TDP-43 or TDP-43 proteinopathy-associated genetic variants),103 ALS,and 47 ALS-FTD patients with likely TDP-43.A Subtype and Stage Inference(SuStaIn)model was trained to identify subtypes of individuals along the ALS-FTD spectrum with distinct brain atrophy patterns,and we related subtypes and stages to clinical,genetic,and neuropathological features of *** SuStaIn identified three novel subtypes:two disease subtypes with predominant brain atrophy in either prefrontal/somatomotor regions or limbic-related regions,and a normal-appearing group without obvious brain *** limbic-predominant subtype tended to present with more impaired cognition,higher frequencies of pathogenic variants in TBK1 and TARDBP genes,and a higher proportion of TDP-43 types B,E and *** contrast,the prefrontal/somatomotor-predominant subtype had higher frequencies of pathogenic variants in C9orf72 and GRN genes and higher proportion of TDP-43 type *** normal-appearing brain group showed higher frequency of ALS relative to ALS-FTD and bvFTD patients,higher cognitive capacity,higher proportion of lower motor neuron onset,milder motor symptoms,and lower frequencies of genetic pathogenic *** overall SuStaIn stages also correlated with evidence for clinical progression including longer disease duration,higher King’s stage,and cog

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Frontotemporal degeneration Disease heterogeneity SuStaIn model