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添加不同天然鳞片石墨对白云石-碳耐火材料高温性能的影响(一)

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中国宝玉石 1988年第5期 36-42+49页

作者： james p.bennett 王先田中国非金属矿工业总公司

矿业局对在炼钢过程中使用的白云石-碳耐火材料中加入天然鳞片石墨的作用进行了研究。从已获得的基本数据可以对代用材料进行评价。对由于5种不同种类天然鳞片石墨的添加量为10％(按重量计,下同)和固定碳含量90％的天然鳞片石墨添加量由... 详细信息

矿业局对在炼钢过程中使用的白云石-碳耐火材料中加入天然鳞片石墨的作用进行了研究。从已获得的基本数据可以对代用材料进行评价。对由于5种不同种类天然鳞片石墨的添加量为10％(按重量计,下同)和固定碳含量90％的天然鳞片石墨添加量由0增加到30％而引起的抗氧化性能(2000°F)、高温强度(2750°F)和荷重变形(2750°F)的变化进行了研究。结果表明,添加量为10％的石墨中固定碳的含量不影响高温强度和荷重变形。当在白云石-碳砖中加入固定碳含量90％的石墨,其添加量在0～30％之间变化时,添加量为10％的高温强度最高,荷重变形最低。随着高温强度试验温度由500°F增加到2750°F,固定碳含量90％的石墨添加量在0～30％之间表现出的强度差别变小。在高温下,添加硼化处理过的石墨所产生的强度较高,荷重变形较低。而添加球土会显著地降低强度并增加变形。

关键词：添加量白云石高温性能

Engineering Nitrogenases for Synthetic Nitrogen Fixation:From pathway Engineering to Directed Evolution

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BioDesign Research 2023年第1期5卷 25-36页

作者： Emily M.bennett james W.Murray Mark Isalan Department of Life Sciences Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK.

Globally,agriculture depends on industrial nitrogen fertilizer to improve crop *** production consumes fossil fuels and contributes to environmental nitrogen pollution.A potential solution would be to harness nitrogenases—enzymes capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen N2 to NH3 in ambient *** is therefore a major goal of synthetic biology to engineer functional nitrogenases into crop plants,or bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with crops,to support growth and reduce dependence on industrially produced *** review paper highlights recent work toward understanding the functional requirements for nitrogenase expression and manipulating nitrogenase gene expression in heterologous hosts to improve activity and oxygen tolerance and potentially to engineer synthetic symbiotic relationships with plants.

关键词： crops synthetic Evolution

The Art Hero Made International --Benjamin West Constructs Wolfe＇s Death on the plains of Abraham

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2013年第12期3卷 765-771页

作者： Lloyd james bennett Thompson Rivers University Kamloops Canada

Globalization is a topic much discussed today with the explosion of cell phones and instant messaging. This exchange of information causes the art historian to ponder the speed with which ideas spread in past centuries. The eighteenth was a century of colonial expansion made possible through the ships that sailed the great oceans Sea travel between Europe and North America drastically increased the spread of populations and their ideas between the old and new world. A good way to trace the exchange of ideas in picture painting in the eighteenth century would be to follow an artist like Benjamin West from his Quaker background in pennsylvania to the center of the neoclassical style in Rome and a prolific career in London at the Royal Academy. West＇s travels and career offer an example of how an American pursued the artistic style of contemporary Rome to make images of North American history from a base in England. It was globalization eighteenth-century-style made possible by an ambitious artist connecting across the sea-lanes of international travel

关键词： painting history globalization neoclassicism eighteenth century West Wolfe

Richard Jack Canada＇s Battle painter

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2014年第7期4卷 527-538页

作者： Lloyd james bennett Thompson Rivers University Kamloops Canada

As a study in art history critical theory, this paper looks at the appreciation and usage of art amongst interest groups at the time of the Great War and the subsequent legacy of the work of Canada＇s resident war artist Richard Jack. The Canadian War Museum＇s recent web page described Jack＇s standing officer in The Second Battle of Ypres 22 April to 25 May 1915 as one who ＂exemplifies the courage and resolve of the inexperienced Canadians in their first major battle＂. This comment showed a marked contrast to the contemporary art critic Richard Cork who described the first of the Canadian war memorials paintings as ＂a clich6-ridden bandaged officer ... shamelessly catering to public sentiment＂. Given these disparate positions, the author attempts to explain the gulf between these points of view and subsequently make the case that art has a broad application that might make us cautious of viewing a given work without due consideration of the context of its making and future merits.

关键词： war art painting criticism history First World War Canada Jack

poussin＇s Kingdom of Flora： Love in the Garden

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2015年第1期5卷 41-52页

作者： Lloyd james bennett Thompson Rivers University Kamloops Canada

The Fort Worth （Texas） exhibition/publication poussin： The Early Years in Rome： The Origins of French Classicism （1988） proved to be a seminal event in poussin scholarship. Over 200 works were put on display at the Kimbell Art Museum that revealed the formative years in the French painter＇s works. The drawings and paintings confirmed poussin as the leading classicist in 17th century French art and expanded our appreciation of the flexibility of the artist to illustrate mythological narratives. previous positions on the artist such as Anthony Blunt＇s, who viewed the painter as a strict classicist without a major interest in color, are now reevaluated after the Fort Worth show. The influence of the Venetian school, especially the work of Titian, emerged stronger into poussin＇s oeuvre. It was under the classicist umbrella that the romantic verse of Ovid and the sensual color of Titian became forged into the pictures of Roman mythology. The leading source of inspiration for this work would be Ovid＇s Metamorphoses where figures change into flowers made timeless by the painter＇s brush. Just as the poet varied the structure of his narrative presentation, so too did the painter expand his approach to depicting scenes of change in a variety of formats. A key work for poussin in these stories of change would be the Kingdom of Flora （1631） where Ovidian tales are posed as an eternal spring where the goddess distributes the flowers of the collective narrative in an olive green chitin. This paper will contribute to the position of viewing poussin＇s art under a wider vision of classicism where flexible narrative design and sensuous color fit the mission to make art noble and timeless.

关键词： poussin Ovid painting mythology flowers metamorphoses 17th century

potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1015-1024页

作者： Alison Jane Karley Matthew Emslie-Smith Alison Elizabeth bennett Ecological Sciences The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee UK School of Biology University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK

Intra- and interspecific variation in plant and insect traits can alter the strength and direction of insect-plant interactions, with outcomes modified by soil biotic and abiotic conditions. We used the potato aphid （Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas） feeding on cultivated Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanurn berthaulti to study the impact of water availability and plant mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi on aphid performance and susceptibility to a parasitoid wasp （Aphidius ervi Haliday）. plants were grown under glass with live or sterile AM fungal spores and supplied with sufficient or reduced water supply. plants were infested with 1 of 3 genotypes ofM. euphorbiae or maintained as aphidfree controls; aphid abundance was scored after 1 week, after which aphid susceptibility to A. ervi was assayed explanta. Solarium tuberosum accumulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduced water supply in the presence of AM fungi. Aphid abundance was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype ＂2＂ aphids; genotype ＂1＂ aphid density was particularly reduced on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ＂1＂ exhibited low susceptibility to parasitism and was attacked less frequently than the other two more susceptible aphid genotypes. Neither AM fungi nor water availability affected insect performance. Our study suggests a fitness trade-offin M. euphorbiae between parasitism resistance and aphid performance on poor quality Solarium hosts that warrants further exploration, and indicates the importance of accounting for genotype identity in determining the outcome of multitrophic interactions.

关键词： Aphidius ervi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi multitrophic interaction parasitism resistance Solanum spp.

Retrospective analysis of two northern California wild-land fires via Landsat five satellite imagery and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第4期3卷 311-323页

作者： bennett Sall Michael W. Jenkins james pushnik 1Department of Biological Sciences California State University Chico USA 2Institute for Sustainable Development California State University Chico USA Department of Biological Sciences California State University Chico USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz USA

Wild-land fires are a dynamic and destructive force in natural ecosystems. In recent decades, fire disturbances have increased concerns and awareness over significant economic loss and landscape change. The focus of this research was to study two northern California wild-land fires: Butte Humboldt Complex and Butte Lightning Complex of 2008 and assessment of vegetation recovery after the fires via ground based measurements and utilization of Landsat 5 imagery and analysis software to assess landscape change. Multi-temporal and burn severity dynamics and assessment through satellite imagery were used to visually ascertain levels of landscape change, under two temporal scales. Visual interpretation indicated noticeable levels of landscape change and relevant insight into the magnitude and impact of both wild-land fires. Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and delta NBR (DNBR) data allowed for quantitative analysis of burn severity levels. DNBR results indicate low severity and low re-growth for Butte Humboldt Complex “burned center” subplots. In contrast, DNBR values for Butte Lightning Complex “burned center” subplots indicated low-moderate burn severity levels.

关键词： Wild-Land Fire Burn Severity Vegetation Recovery Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR)

Root symbionts： powerful drivers of plant above- and belowground indirect defenses

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 947-960页

作者： Sergio Rasmann Alison bennett Arjen Biere Alison Karley Emilio Guerrieri Institute of Biology University of Neuchatel Neuchatel Switzerland Department of Ecological Sciences James Hutton Institute Dundee UK Netherlands Institute of Ecology Wageningen the Netherlands Institute for Sustainable plant protection National Research Council of Italy Portici Italy

Soil microbial mutualists of plants, including mycorrhizal ftmgi, non- mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, have been typically characterized for increasing nutrient acquisition and plant growth. More recently, soil microbes have also been shown to increase direct plant defense against above- and below- ground herbivores. plants, however, do not only rely on direct defenses when attacked, but they can also recruit pest antagonists such as predators and parasitoids, both above and belowground, mainly via the release of volatile organic compounds （i.e., indirect defenses）. In this review, we illustrate the main features and effects of soil microbial mutualists of plants on plant indirect defenses and discuss possible applications within the framework of sustainable crop protection against root- and shoot-feeding arthropod pests. We indicate the main knowledge gaps and the future challenges to be addressed in the study and application of these rnultifaceted interactions.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi crop protection entomopathogenic nematodes plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Trichoderma

Growth and chemical responses of trembling aspen to simulated browsing and ungulate saliva

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Journal of plant Ecology 2016年第4期9卷 474-484页

作者： Ken Keefover-Ring Kennedy F.Rubert-Nason Alison E.bennett Richard L.Lindroth Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin-Madison1630 Linden Dr.MadisonWI 53706USA The james Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundee DD25DAScotlandUK

Aims Woody plant-browser systems represent an understudied facet of *** subjected four genotypes of trembling aspen to artificial browsing,similar to that of a large mammalian herbivore,and applied deer saliva to clipped and unclipped trees to assess:(i)the effects of artificial browsing on aspen growth and phytochemistry of leaves and stems,(ii)genotypic variation in responses and(iii)potential alterations of responses by mammalian *** potted aspen trees were grown outdoors on the University of Wisconsin-Madison *** experiment consisted of a fullycrossed,2×2×4 randomized complete block design,with two levels of artificial browsing(unclipped and clipped),two levels of saliva application(no saliva and saliva)and four aspen *** simulate ungulate browsing damage,we removed the upper 50%of the stem of half of the trees by pinching the stem with needle-nosed pliers and then separating it by *** half of the damaged trees,we immediately swabbed the wound with deer *** in the unclipped plus saliva treatment were swabbed with saliva at the 50%height *** assess the effects of clipping and saliva application,we harvested all trees after 2 months and measured various growth and chemical *** measurements included height,vertical growth,mass of leaves,stems and roots,leaf number and area and bud *** parameters included defensive,nutritional and structural components of both foliage and *** Findings Clipping affected most of the growth parameters measured,decreasing tree height,leaf,stem,root and total tree mass and leaf *** trees had greater vertical growth,more leaves and higher specific leaf area(SLA)than unclipped *** saliva had little to no effect on plant growth response to the clipping *** budset was delayed by clipping and varied among genotypes but not in response to saliva *** also affected most of the phytochemical variables measure

关键词： ungulate browsing deer saliva defensive chemistry genetic variation populus tremuloides tolerance