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Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry and Rare Earth Oxides can quantify diffuse and convergent soil loss and source apportionment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 633-648页

作者： Pia Benaud Karen Anderson Mike R.james Timothy A.Quine John n.Quinton Richard E.Brazier CREWW GeographyFaculty of EnvironmentScience and EconomyUniversity of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterPenrynCornwallTR109FEUnited Kingdom Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityBailriggLancasterLA14YQUnited Kingdom Geography Faculty of EnvironmentScience and Economy.University of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom

Accurately quantifying rates of soil erosion requires capturing both the volumetric nature of the visible,convergent fluvial pathways(also known as rills)and the subtle nature of the less-visible,diffuse pathways(interrill areas).The aim of this study was to use Rare Earth Oxide(REO)tracers and Structure-from-Motion(SfM)photogrammetry to elucidate retrospective information about soil erosion rates and sediment sources during different soil erosion conditions,within a controlled laboratory *** experimental conditions created erosion events consistent with diffuse and convergent erosion *** tracers allowed the sediment transport distances of over 2 m to be described,and helped resolved the relative contribution of diffuse and convergent soil erosion;interrill areas were also iden-tified as a significant sediment sources soil loss under convergent erosion *** the potential for SfM photogrammetry to resolve sub-millimetre elevations changes was demonstrated,under some conditions non-erosional changes in surface elevation,such as compaction,exceeded volumes of soil loss via diffuse *** discrepancies between SfM Photogrammetry calculations and REO tagged sediment export were beneficial,identifying that during soil erosion events sediment in both aggregate and particle form is deposited within the convergent features,even when the rill extended the full length of the soil *** combination of SfM photogrammetry and REO tracers has provided a novel platform for building a spatial understanding of patterns of soil loss and source apportionment between rill and interrill erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry Rare Earth Oxides Tracers Sediment Rainfall simulator Sheetwash Rilling Interrill

Uniform and graded bed-load sediment transport in a degrading channel with non-equilibrium conditions

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第2期35卷 115-124页

作者： Khabat Khosravi Amir H.n.Chegini james R.Cooper Prasad Daggupati Andrew Binns Luca Mao School of Engineering University of Guelph School of the Built Environment Heriot-Watt University Department of Geography and Planning School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Liverpool Department of Geography University of Lincoln

Bed-load transport plays a critical role in river morphological change and has an important impact on river *** there is good understanding of the role of the variation of river bed grain size on transport dynamics in equilibrium conditions,much less is understood for non-equilibrium conditions when the channel is either aggrading or *** particular,the relative role of different grain sizes in the promotion and hindering of the transport of coarse and fine fractions in a degrading channel has yet to be *** current study attempts to provide new understanding through a series of flume experiments done using uniform and graded sediment *** experiments revealed coarser grain-size fractions for a poorly-sorted sediment,relative to uniform-sized sediment,reduced the transport of finer grains and finer fractions enhanced the transport of coarse *** hinderingpromotion effect,caused by relative hiding and exposure of finer and coarse fractions,increased with bed slope and decreased with relative *** particular,as relative submergence increased,the graded fractions tended towards behaving more like their unifo rm-sized ***,the bed-load parameter of the graded fractions increased more with a rise in bed slope than observed for the uniformsized *** results revealed,for degrading channel conditions,such as downstream of a dam,bed-load equations developed for uniform bed sediment are inappropriate for use in natural river systems,particularly in mountain ***,changes in river bed composition due to activities that enhance the input of hill-slope sediment,such as fire,logging,and agricultural development,are likely to cause significant changes in river morphology.

关键词： Graded sediment Exposure Hiding Flume experiments non-equilibrium

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葬于泉边(节选)

初中生 2024年第11期 38-39页

作者：詹姆斯·斯凯勒不详

生词好句bury/beri/v.埋葬;安葬Weburied thedog inthe garden.我们把小狗埋在了花园里。spring/sprim/n.泉They sat by a spring to rest.他们坐在泉边休息。赏析詹姆斯·斯凯勒(james Schuyler,1923-1991),美国诗人,纽约诗派(The new York Schoolof Poetry)核心成员。斯凯勒的诗集《诗的早晨》(The Morning of the Poem)获1981年普利策诗歌奖(Pulitzer Prize for Poetry)。

关键词：普利策诗歌奖核心成员花园里凯勒

Therapeutic gene editing strategies using CRISPR-Cas9 for theβ-hemoglobinopathies

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2021年第2期35卷 115-134页

作者： james B.Papizan Shaina n.Porter Akshay Sharma Shondra M.Pruett-Miller Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Center for Advanced Genome Engineering St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA

With advancements in gene editing technologies,our ability to make precise and efficient modifications to the genome is increasing at a remarkable rate,paving the way for scientists and clinicians to uniquely treat a multitude of previously irremediable ***-Cas9,short for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9,is a gene editing platform with the ability to alter the nucleotide sequence of the genome in living *** technology is increasing the number and pace at which new gene editing treatments for genetic disorders are moving toward the ***β-hemoglobinopathies are a group of monogenic diseases,which despite their high prevalence and chronic debilitating nature,continue to have few therapeutic options *** this review,we will discuss our existing comprehension of the genetics and current state of treatment forβ-hemoglobinopathies,consider potential genome editing therapeutic strategies,and provide an overview of the current state of clinical trials using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing.

关键词： sickle cell disease sickle cell anemia fetal hemoglobin hemoglobinopathy CRISPR gene editing genome engineering

Compressing local atomic neighbourhood descriptors

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1593-1605页

作者： james P.Darby james R.Kermode Gábor Csányi Engineering Dept University of CambridgeTrumpington StCambridgeCB21PZUK Warwick Centre for Predictive Modelling School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV47ALUK

Many atomic descriptors are currently limited by their unfavourable scaling with the number of chemical elements S *** length of body-ordered descriptors,such as the SOAP power spectrum(3-body)and the(ACE)(multiple body-orders),scales as(nS)^(ν)whereν+1 is the body-order and n is the number of radial basis functions used in the density *** introduce two distinct approaches which can be used to overcome this scaling for the SOAP power ***,we show that the power spectrum is amenable to lossless compression with respect to both S and n,so that the descriptor length can be reduced from O(n^(2)S^(2))to O(nS).Secondly,we introduce a generalised SOAP kernel,where compression is achieved through the use of the total,element agnostic density,in combination with radial *** ideas used in the generalised kernel are equally applicably to any other body-ordered descriptors and we demonstrate this for the(ACSF).

关键词： SOAP scaling kernel

Resident involvement in the prostatic urethral lift:implementing innovative technology in an academic setting

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 616-620页

作者： Ridwan Alam Matthew J Rabinowitz Taylor P Kohn Vanessa n Peña james L Liu Yasin Bhanji Amin S Herati Department of Urology The James Buchanan Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA

Adoption of the prostatic urethral lift(PUL)as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia highlights the importance of training residents with novel technology without compromising patient *** study examines the effect of resident involvement during PUL on patient and procedural *** chart review was conducted on all consecutive PUL cases performed by a single academic urologist between October 2017 and november *** in post-graduate year(PGY)1–3 are considered junior residents,while those in PGY 4–6 are senior *** International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)and quality of life(QOL)scores were used to measure *** and mixed-effects linear regression models were used to compare *** were 110 patients with a median age of 66.4 *** were involved in 73 cases(66.4%),and senior residents were involved in 31 of those *** involvement was not associated with adverse perioperative outcomes with respect to the number of implants fired,the percentage of implants successfully placed,or the postoperative catheterization *** adjustment for confounding factors,junior residents were associated with significantly longer case length compared to the attending alone(+12.6 min,P=0.003)but senior residents were not(+2.4 min,P=0.59).IPSS and QOL scores were not significantly affected by resident involvement(P=0.12 and P=0.21,respectively).The presence of surgeons-in-training,particularly those in the early stages,prolongs PUL case length but does not appear to have an adverse impact on patient outcomes.

关键词： internship and residency operative time prostatic hyperplasia prostheses and implants quality of life

Will biomass be used for bioenergy or transportation biofuels? What drivers will influence biomass allocation

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017年第4期4卷 473-481页

作者： Jinguang HU William james CADHAM Susan van DYK Jack n.SADDLER Department of Wood Science Faculty of Forestry The University of British Columbia

Potential competition for biomass for current and future bioenergy/biofuel uses in Brazil, Denmark,Sweden and the USA were compared. In each of these countries, bioenergy and biofuels are already important in their energy mix. However, there is limited competition for biomass between bioenergy(heat/power/residential/industrial) and transportation biofuel applications. This situation is likely to continue until advanced biofuel technology becomes much more commercially established. In each of these countries, biomass is predominantly used to produce bioenergy, even in those regions where biofuels are significant component of their transportation sector(Brazil,Sweden and USA). The vast majority of biofuel production continues to be based on sugar, starch and oil rich feedstocks, while bioenergyis produced almost exclusively from forest biomass with agricultural biomass having a small, but increasing, secondary role. Current and proposed commercial scale biomass-to-ethanol facilities almost exclusively use agriculture derived residues(corn stover/wheat straw/sugarcane bagasse). Competition for biomass feedstocks for bioenergy/biofuel applications, is most likely to occur for agricultural biomass with coproduct lignin and other residues used to concomitantly produce heat and electricity on site at biofuel production facilities.

关键词： bioenergy biofuel biomass renewable energy policy

Recent advances in nanomaterials for high-performance Li–S batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 86-106,I0004页

作者： james E.Knoop Seongki Ahn Joint School of nanoscience and nanoengineering North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27401USA Research Organization for nano and Life Innovation Waseda University513WasedatsurumakichoShinjuku-kuTokyo 162-0041Japan

This article reviews nanotechnology as a practical solution for improving lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithiumsulfur batteries have been widely examined because sulfur has many advantageous properties such as a high crustal abundance, low environmental impact, low cost, high gravimetric(2600 W h kg-1) and volumetric(2800 W h L-1) energy densities, assuming complete conversion of sulfur to lithium sulfide(Li2S)upon lithiation. However, lithium-sulfur batteries have not yet reach commercialization due to demerits involving the formation of soluble lithium polysulfides(Li2Sn, n=3–8), low electrical conductivity, and low loading density of sulfur. These issues arise mainly due to the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and the inherent insulating nature of sulfur. To overcome these issues, strategies have been pursued using nanotechnology applied to porous carbon nanocomposites, hollow one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, graphene nanocomposites, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructured matrices. This paper aims to review various solutions pertaining to the role of nanotechnology in synthesizing nanoscale and nanostructured materials for advanced and high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, we highlight perspective research directions for commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries as a major power source for electric vehicles and large-scale electric energy storage.

关键词： nanotechnology Lithium–sulfur batteries Carbon nanomaterials nanocomposite sulfur 3D nanostructured materials

Impact of pre-existing cardiometabolic diseases on metastatic cancer stage at diagnosis:a prospective multinational cohort study

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Cancer Communications 2024年第5期44卷 593-597页

作者： Anna Jansana Aviane Auguste Marina Kvaskoff Agnès Fournier Emma Fontvieille Laia Peruchet-noray Carine Biessy Reynalda Cordova Kristina Elin nielsen Petersen Anne Tjoneland Verena Katzke Rudolf Kaaks Fulvio Ricceri Salvatore Panico Paolo Contiero Maria-Jose Sánchez Jesus Castilla Marta Crous-Bou Alicia Heath Elom Kouassivi Aglago Elisabete Weiderpass Marc james Gunter Pietro Ferrari Elio Riboli Vivian Viallon Heinz Freisling International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC-WHO) LyonFrance Paris-Saclay University University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-YvelineUniversity Paris-SudFrench National Institute for Health and Medical Research(Inserm)Gustave Roussy“Exposome and Heredity”TeamCESPVillejuifFrance Department of nutritional Sciences University of ViennaViennaAustria Danish Cancer Society Research Center CopenhagenDenmark Department of Public Health University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research CentreHeidelbergGermany Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of TurinTurinItaly Unit of Epidemiology Regional Health Service ASL TO3GrugliascoTurinItaly Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly Environmental Epidemiology Unit Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)-Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly Cancer Registry of Granada Institute for Biosanitary Research of Granada(ibs.GRANADA)GranadaSpain Epidemiology and Control of Chronic Diseases Group Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research CentreMadridSpain navarra Public Health Institute PamplonaSpain Unit of nutrition and Cancer Cancer Epidemiology Research ProgramCatalan Institute of Oncology(ICO)-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute(IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain Department of Epidemiology Harvard Tseng-Hsi Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthImperial College LondonSt Mary’s CampusNorfolk PlaceLondonUK

Owing to shared risk factors between cardiometabolic diseases(CMDs)and cancer,coupled with population aging,the lifetime risk of an individual developing cancer after a CMD is ***,biological mechanisms such as insulin resistance or inflammation may not only predispose individuals withCMDto an elevated risk of certain types of cancer but also to a diagnosis of cancer at an advanced stage[1,2].

关键词： diagnosis diseases cancer