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ImPACT OF URBANIZATION ON STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RIVER SYSTEm—Case Study of Shanghai,China

Chinese Geographical Science 2006年第2期16卷 102-108页

作者： Philip james Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Greater manchester m5 4WT UK

Urbanization can affect the physical process of river growth, modify stream structure and further influence the functions of river system. Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, which is located in Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta in China. Since the 1970s, the whole river system in Shanghai has been planned and managed by the Shanghai Water Authority. The primary management objectives in the last 30 years have been to enhance irrigation and flood-control. By using Horton-Strahler classification and Horton laws as a reference, a novel method of stream classification, in conjunction with the traditional and specially designed indicators, was applied to understanding the structure and functions of the river system in Shanghai. Correlation analysis was used to identify the interrelations among indicators. It was found that the impact of urbanization on the river system was significant although natural laws and physical characteristics marked a super-developed river system. There was an obvious correlation between the degree of urbanization and the abnormal values of some indicators. Urbanization impacts on river system such as branches engineered out, riverbank concreting and low diversity of river style were widely observed. Each indicator had distinct sensibility to urbanization so they could be used to describe different characteristics of urban river system. The function indicators were significantly related to structure indicators. Stream structure, described by fractal dimension and complexity of river system, was as important as water area ratio for maintaining river’s multi-function.

关键词： river system stream classification Horton law urbanization Shanghai

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Nanotrains and Self-Assembled Two-Dimensional Arrays Built from Carboranes Linked by Hydrogen Bonding of Dipyridones

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Nano Research 2008年第5期1卷 412-419页

作者： Takashi Sasaki Jason m.Guerrero Ashley D.Leonard james m.Tour Department of Chemistry Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceRice UniversityMS 2226100 Main St.HoustonTexas 77005USA

The strong hydrogen bonding ability of 2-pyridones were exploited to build nanotrains on *** wheels on axles difunctionalized with 2-pyridone hydrogen bonding units were synthesized and displayed spontaneous formation of linear nanotrains by self-assembly on SiO_(2)or mica *** using atomic force microscopy confi rmed linear formations with lengths up to 5μm and heights within the range of the molecular height of the carborance-tipped axles.

关键词： Nanovehicles nanotrains 2-pyridone hydrogen bonding self-assembly

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Development of single-cell-level microfluidic tech no logy for long-term growth visualization of living cultures of mycobacterium smegmatis

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第3期7卷 63-72页

作者： Han Wang Gloria m.Conover Song-I Han james C.Sacchettini Arum Han Department of Biomedical Engineering School of MedicineTsinghua University100084 BeijingChina Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of medical Education Health Sciences CenterTexas A&M UniversityBryanTX 77807USA

Analysis of growth and death kinetics at single-cell resolution is a key step in understanding the complexity of the nonreplicating growth phenotype of the bacterial pathogen mycobacterium ***,we developed a single-cell-resolution microfluidic mycobacterial culture device that allows time-lapse microscopy-based Iong-term phenotypic visualization of the live replication dynamics of *** technology was successfully applied to monitor the real-time growth dynamics of the fast-growing model strain mycobacterium smegmatis(***)while subjected to drug treatment regimens during continuous culture for 48 h inside the microfluidic device.A clear morphological change leading to significant swelling at the poles of the bacterial membrane was observed during drug *** addition,a small subpopulation of cells surviving treatment by frontline antibiotics was observed to recover and achieve robust replicative growth once regular culture media was provided,suggesting the possibility of identifying and isolating nonreplicative *** device is a simple,easy-to-use,and low-cost solution for studying the single-cell phenotype and growth dynamics of mycobacteria,especially during drug treatment.

关键词： fluid culture treatment mycobacterium

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Response of saproxylic insect communities to logging history, tree species, stage of decay, and wood posture in the central Nearctic boreal forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第5期29卷 1365-1377页

作者： R.W.james Dennis Jay R.malcolm Sandy m.Smith m.Isabel Bellocq Faculty of Forestry University of Toronto 33 Willcocks St.Toronto ON M5S 3B3 Canada Departamento de Ecología Genética y EvoluciónFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos Aires and IEGEBA (CONICET)Buenos Aires Argentina

Saproxylic insect assemblages are essential functional components of forest ecosystems that can be affected by forest *** used a split-plot ANOVA design to analyze differences in selected saproxylic insects（all arthropod orders and dipteran and parasitic hymenopteran families） emerging from dead wood of sites with different logging histories（horse-logged,mechanically-logged and unlogged）,tree species（Populus and Picea）,stage of decay（early-and late-decay stages） and posture（standing and downed logs） in the boreal forest of central *** clear effects of logging history were seen for the studied taxa; however,interaction between logging history and other dead wood features was *** consistently emerged more from Populus than from Picea dead *** of the studied saproxylic families were more abundant in late-decay than in early-decay *** of the Cecidomyiidae,Ceratopogonidae,Empididae,mycetophilidae and Sciaridae families,and hymenopterans of the Diapriidae and Ichneumonidae families were significantly more abundant in downed than in standing dead *** contrast,mymaridae was most abundant in standing dead *** study provides evidence that some insects at high taxonomic levels respond differently to dead wood quality,and this could inform future management strategies in the boreal forest for the conservation of saproxylic fauna and their ecological functions.

关键词： Boreal forest Dead wood quality Forest harvesting High-level taxa Saproxylic insects

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Field experiments to improve the efficacy of gargoor (fish trap) fishery in Kuwait's waters

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第4期30卷 535-546页

作者：陈卫忠 AL-BAZ Ali BISHOP james m. AL-HUSAINI mohsen mariculture and Fisheries Department Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research P. O. Box 1638Salmiya 22017Kuwait

Fish traps were investigated to understand the effects of season, bait type, trap size, and trap soak time on catch rates, catch composition, and trap loss rates from march 2004 to September 2005, to improve the performance and management of Kuwait＇s gargoor （cage style fish trap） fishery, which used to be the nation＇s most important one in terms of value and landings volume. Catch rates were the highest in April/may （5 8 kg/trap haul） and again in December （7 kg/trap haul）. Bait type and trap size also affected catch rates and species composition. Of the seven baits tested, the best catch rates, 〉5 kg/trap haul, occurred with cuttlefish （Sepia pharaonis）, but wolf-herring （Chiroeentrus dorab） and mullet （Liza klunzingeri） also produced good results （4-5 kg/trap haul）. Within the five tested sizes, the two largest-sized traps captured more fish and larger size fish. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） showed significant differences of catch rate among traps with different baits as well as among traps of different sizes. Duncan test further revealed these differences between two specific baits and sizes. Cluster Analysis of species composition showed more differences among different baits than among different trap sizes. Longer soak times did not result in larger catch rates, but increased trap loss. About 10-day soak time resulted in trap loss 7%, while 40-day soak time could result in a loss of around 20%. Consequently, it is recommended that the gargoor be checked every 10 or fewer days. The average overall catch rate during the study period was lower than that of 1980s （4.5 vs. 5.8 kg/trap haul）, indicating a possible decline offish abundance in Kuwait＇s waters. It is recommended that the number of gargoor fishing boats and gargoors from each boat should be limited to allow stock rehabilitation.

关键词： field experiment fish trap improvement of efficacy catch rate Kuwait

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ABA signaling prevents phosphodegradation of the SR45 splicing factor to alleviate inhibition of early seedling development in Arabidopsis

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Plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 272-285页

作者： Rui Albuquerque-martins Dora Szakonyi james Rowe Alexander m.Jones Paula Duque Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia 2780-156 OeirasPortugal Sainsbury Laboratory University of CambridgeCambridge B21LRUK

Serine/arginine-rich(SR)proteins are conserved splicing regulators that play important roles in plant stress responses,namely those mediated by the abscisic acid(ABA)*** Arabidopsis thaliana SR-like protein SR45 is a described negative regulator of the ABA pathway during early seedling *** the inhibition of growth by ABA signaling is counteracted to maintain plant development under stress conditions remains largely ***,we show that SR45 overexpression reduces Arabidopsis sensitivity to ABA during early seedling *** and confocal microscopy analyses of transgenic plants expressing fluorescently tagged SR45 revealed that exposure to ABA dephosphorylates the protein at multiple amino acid residues and leads to its accumulation,due to SR45 stabilization via reduced ubiquitination and proteasomal *** phosphomutant and phosphomimetic transgenic Arabidopsis lines,we demonstrate the functional relevance of ABA-mediated dephosphorylation of a single SR45 residue,T264,in antagonizing SR45 ubiquitination and degradation to promote its function as a repressor of seedling ABA *** results reveal a mechanism that negatively autoregulates ABA signaling and allows early plant growth under stress via posttranslational control of the SR45 splicing factor.

关键词： abscisic acid alternative splicing Arabidopsis thaliana protein phosphorylation SR proteins

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Soluble Graphene Through Edge-Selective Functionalization

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Nano Research 2010年第2期3卷 117-125页

作者： Zhengzong Sun Shin-ichiro Kohama Zengxing Zhang Jay RLomeda james m.Tour Department of Chemistry and mechanical Engineering and materials Science and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Rice UniversityMS 2226100 Main StreetHoustonTexas 77005USA

Thermally expanded graphite was functionalized with 4-bromophenyl addends using the in situ diazonium formation procedure,and after mild sonication treatment in N,N’-dimethylformamide,thin graphene layers were exfoliated from the bulk *** chemically-assisted exfoliated graphene(CEG)sheets had higher solubility than pristine graphene without any stabilizer *** than 70%of these soluble flakes had less than 5 *** filtered transmission electron microscopy(EFTEm)elemental mapping provided evidence of the edge-selective diazonium functionalization with graphene.A majority of the Br signals came from the edges of the CEG indicating that the basal planes were not highly *** CEG was also characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.

关键词： Edge-selective functionalization graphene energy filtered transmission electron microscopy(EFTEm) chemically-assisted exfoliation

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Isotherm and kinetic studies on the adsorption of humic acid molecular size fractions onto clay minerals

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第6期38卷 863-871页

作者： mohamed E.A.El-Sayed moustafa m.R.Khalaf james A.Rice Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA Soils Waterand Environmental Research InstituteAgriculture Research CenterEl-GizaEgypt Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceMinia UniversityEl-Minia 61519Egypt

Humic acid(HA)can adsorb onto mineral surfaces,modifying the physicochemical properties of the ***,understanding the sorption behavior of HA onto mineral surfaces is of particular interest,since the fate and transport of many organic and inorganic contaminants are highly correlated to HA adsorbed onto clay *** to the extreme heterogeneity of HA,the extracted IHSS Leonardite humic acid(LHA)used in this work was fractionated using an ultrafiltration technique(UF)into different molecular size fractions(Fr1,>0.2μm;Fr2,0.2 pm-300,000 daltons;Fr3,300,000-50,000 daltons;Fr4,50,000-10,000 daltons;Fr5,10,000-1000 daltons).Equilibrium and the kinetics of LHA and fraction adsorption onto kaolinite and montmorillonite were *** results demonstrated that the maximum adsorption capacity of LHA,Frl,Fr2,Fr3,Fr4,and Fr5 was 5.99,13.69,10.29,7.02,5.9&and 5.09 on kaolinite while it was 8.29,22.62,13.17,8.91,8.62,and 5.69 on montmorillonite,*** adsorption equilibrium data showed that the adsorption behavior of LHA and its fractions could be described more practically by the Langmuir model than the Freundlich *** rate of humic acid fraction adsorption onto clays increased with decreasing molecular size fraction and increasing carboxylic group ***-first-and second-order models were used to assess the kinetic data and the rate *** results explained that LHA and its fractions adsorption on clay minerals conformed more to pseudosecondo rder.

关键词： Kaolinite montmorillonite Leonardite humic acid Humic acid fractions Kinetics Equilibrium

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The First Stegosaur (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of Xinjiang, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第3期81卷 351-356页

作者： JIA Chengkai Catherine A. FOSTER XU Xing james m. CLARK Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay Xinjiang 834000 China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Department of Anatomical Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA

A new stegosaur species, Jiangjunosaurusjunggarensis, gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on a specimen collected from the Upper Jurassic upper section of the Shishugou Formation in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. It represents the first stegosaur from the Jurassic of Xinjiang and increases the diversity of the dinosaur fauna in the Shishugou Formation. The new genus is characterized by symmetrical and proportionally wide tooth crowns, a sub-rectangular axial neural spine seen in lateral view, and large openings on the lateral surfaces of the cervical centra. A preliminary character analysis suggests that this new taxon is more derived than the middle Jurassic stegosaur Huayangosaurus but more primitive than most other known stegosaur species.

关键词： Dinosauria Stegosauria Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation Xinjiang

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Understanding the impact of disease and vaccine mechanisms on the importance of optimal vaccine allocation

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Infectious Disease modelling 2023年第2期8卷 539-550页

作者： Isobel R.Abell james m.mcCaw Christopher m.Baker School of mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia melbourne Centre for Data Science The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

Vaccination is an important epidemic intervention ***,it is generally unclear how the outcomes of different vaccine strategies change depending on population characteristics,vaccine mechanisms and allocation *** this paper we develop a conceptual mathematical model to simulate strategies for pre-epidemic *** extend the SEIR model to incorporate a range of vaccine mechanisms and disease *** then compare the outcomes of optimal and suboptimal vaccination strategies for three public health objectives(total infections,total symptomatic infections and total deaths)using numerical *** comparison shows that the difference in outcomes between vaccinating optimally and suboptimally depends on vaccine mechanisms,disease characteristics,and objective *** modelling finds vaccines that impact transmission produce better outcomes as transmission is reduced for all *** vaccines that impact the likelihood of symptomatic disease or dying due to infection,the improvement in outcome as we decrease these variables is dependent on the strategy *** a principled model-based process,this work highlights the importance of designing effective vaccine allocation *** conclude that efficient allocation of resources can be just as crucial to the success of a vaccination strategy as the vaccine effectiveness and/or amount of vaccines available.

关键词： mathematical modelling Epidemiology

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