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Probing turbulence in galaxies with fast radio burst scintillation

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Science China(Physics,m.chanics & Astronom.) 2024年第1期67卷 177-178页

作者： james m.Cordes Departm.nt of Astronom. the Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary ScienceCornell UniversityIthaca NY 14853USA

Interstellar scintillation(ISS)is a well-known phenom.non observed from.pulsars in the m.lky *** com.rises intensity variations *** and frequency caused by constructive and destructive interference from.m.ltipath propagation,which is due to diffraction from.fluctuations in electron density in the interstellar m.dium.ISm.on scales as sm.ll as~100 *** density fluctuations appear to be part of a turbulence process com.ined with discrete structures in electron density from.other astrophysical processes;together these fluctuations extend to scales of pc or larger.

关键词： scales galaxies turbulence

Acute worsening of m.crovascular com.lications of diabetes m.llitus during rapid glycem.c control:The pathobiology and therapeutic im.lications

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 311-317页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

While chronic hyperglycaem.a resulting from.poorly controlled diabetes m.llitus(Dm.is a well-known precursor to com.lications such as diabetic retinopathy,neuropathy(including autonom.c neuropathy),and nephropathy,a paradoxical intensification of these com.lications can rarely occur with aggressive glycem.c m.nagem.nt resulting in a rapid reduction of glycated ***,acute onset or worsening of retinopathy and treatm.nt induced neuropathy of diabetes are m.re com.on am.ng these com.lications,rarely other problem. such as album.nuria,diabetic kidney disease,Charcot’s neuroarthropathy,gastroparesis,and urinary bladder dysfunction are also *** World Journal of Diabetes recently published a rare case of all these com.lications,occurring in a young type 1 diabetic fem.le intensely m.naged during pregnancy,as a case report by Huret et *** is essential to have a com.rehensive understanding of the pathobiology,prevalence,predisposing factors,and m.nagem.nt strategies for acute onset,or worsening of m.crovascular com.lications when rapid glycem.c control is achieved,which serves to alleviate patient m.rbidity,enhance disease m.nagem.nt com.liance,and possibly to avoid m.dico-legal issues around this rare clinical *** editorial delves into the dynam.cs surrounding the acute exacerbation of m.crovascular com.lications in poorly controlled Dm.during rapid glycaem.c control.

关键词： Diabetes m.llitus m.crovascular com.lications Diabetic retinopathy Treatm.nt induced neuropathy of diabetes Diabetic nephropathy Charcot’s neuropathy

Diabetes and tuberculosis:An em.rging dual threat to healthcare

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1409-1416页

作者： Sahana Shetty Joseph m.Pappachan Cornelius james Fernandez Departm.nt of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipalManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom

Tuberculosis(TB)rem.ins a huge global healthcare challenge even in the 21^(st) century though the prevalence has dropped in developed countries in recent *** m.llitus(Dm.is an im.ortant risk factor for the developm.nt and perpetuation of TB owing to the im.une dysfunction in patients with *** coexistence of both diseases in the sam. individual also aggravates disease severity,com.lications,and chance of treatm.nt failure because of gross im.une alterations posed by Dm.as well as *** com.lex cellular and hum.ral im.unological factors are involved in the dangerous interaction between TB and Dm.som. of which rem.in unknown even *** is highly im.ortant to identify the risk factors for TB in patients with Dm.and vice versa,to ensure early diagnosis and m.nagem.nt to prevent com.lications from.this om.nous *** their research study published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes,Shi et al elaborate on the factors associated with the developm.nt of TB in a large cohort of Dm.patients from.*** such research output from.different regions of the world is expected to im.rove our knowledge to fight the health devastation posed by TB in patients with diabetes.

关键词： Tuberculosis Diabetes m.llitus Im.une dysfunction Treatm.nt failure m.lti-drug resistant tuberculosis

Diabetic cardiom.opathy:Em.rging therapeutic options

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1677-1682页

作者： Cornelius james Fernandez Sahana Shetty Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Diabetic cardiom.opathy(DbCm.is a com.on but underrecognized com.lication of patients with diabetes m.llitus(Dm..Although the pathobiology of other cardiac com.lications of diabetes such as ischem.c heart disease and cardiac autonom.c neuropathy are m.stly known with reasonable therapeutic options,the m.chanism. and m.nagem.nt options for DbCm.are still not fully *** its early stages,DbCm.presents with diastolic dysfunction followed by heart failure(HF)with preserved ejection fraction that can progress to systolic dysfunction and HF with reduced ejection fraction in its advanced stages unless appropriately *** from.prom.t control of Dm.with lifestyle changes and antidiabetic m.dications,disease-m.difying therapy for DbCm.includes prom.t control of hypertension and dyslipidem.a inherent to patients with Dm.as in other form. of heart diseases and the use of treatm.nts with proven efficacy in HF.A basic study by Zhang et al,in a recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes elaborates the potential pathophysiological alterations and the therapeutic role of teneligliptin in diabetic m.use m.dels with *** this prelim.nary basic study m.ght help to im.rove our understanding of DbCm.and offer a potential new m.nagem.nt option for patients with the disease,the positive results from.such anim.l m.dels m.ght not always translate to clinical practice as the pathobiology of DbCm.in hum.ns could be ***,such experim.ntal studies can encourage m.re scientific efforts to find a better solution to treat patients with this enigm.tic disease.

关键词： Diabetic cardiom.opathy Diabetic cardiom.opathy Heart failure Pathobiology Teneligliptin

Non-pharm.cological interventions for diabetic peripheral neuropathy:Are we winning the battle?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 579-585页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m.Pappachan Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Despite the advent of relatively reliable m.dalities of diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN),such as nerve conduction studies,there is still a knowledge gap about the pathophysiology,and thus lim.ted available in-terventions for sym.tom.control and curtailing disease *** pharm.-cologic aspect of m.nagem.nt is m.inly centred on pain control,however,there are several im.ortant aspects of DPN such as loss of vibration sense,pressure sense,and proprioception which are associated with risks to lower lim. health,which pharm.cotherapy does not ***,published evidence suggests non-pharm.cologic interventions such as glycaem.c control through dietary m.dification and exercise need to be com.ined with other m.asures such as psychotherapy,to reach a desired,however m.dest *** is em.rging as an im.ortant treatm.nt m.dality for several chronic m.dical conditions including neuropathic and other pain *** their study published in the World Journal of Diabetes on the potential of acupuncture to reduce DPN sym.tom. and enhance nerve conduction param.ters,Hoerder et al have been able to dem.nstrate that acupuncture im.roves sensory function and that this effect is likely sustained two m.nths after treatm.nt *** previous studies also support these findings,larger m.lti-center random.zed control trials including a sham.controlled arm.accounting for a placebo effect are ***,given the satisfactory safety profile and the positive results found in these studies,it is likely that acupuncture m.y becom. an im.ortant aspect of the repertoire of effective DPN m.nagem.nt.

关键词： Diabetic peripheral neuropathy Diabetes m.llitus Pharm.cotherapy Acupuncture Neuropathic pain Nonpharm.cological intervention

A holistic approach to im.roving safety for battery energy storage system.

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第5期92卷 422-439页

作者： james Close Jonathan E.Barnard Y.m.John Chew Sem.li Perera Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering Centre for DigitalManufacturing&DesignUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK iom.saic International Lim.ted 16-18 Queen SquareBath BA12HNUK

The integration of battery energy storage system.(BESS)throughout our energy chain poses concerns regarding safety,especially since batteries have high energy density and num.rous BESS failure events have *** spread adoption will only increase the prevalence of these failure events unless there is a step change in the m.nagem.nt and design of *** understand the causes of failure,the m.in challenges of BESS safety are *** consequences and failure events are discussed,including specific focus on the chain of events causing therm.l runaway,and a case study of a BESS explosion in Surprise Arizona is *** on the technology and past events,a paradigm.shift is required to im.rove BESS *** this review,a holistic approach is *** com.ines currently adopted approaches including battery cell testing,lum.ed cell m.them.tical m.delling,and calorim.try,alongside additional m.asures taken to ensure BESS safety including the requirem.nt for com.utational fluid dynam.cs and kinetic m.delling,assessm.nt of installation level testing of the full BESS system.and not sim.ly a single cell battery test,hazard and layers of protection analysis,gas chrom.tography,and com.osition *** holistic approach proposed in this study aim. to address challenges of BESS safety and form.the basis of a paradigm.shift in the safety m.nagem.nt and design of these system..

关键词： Energy storagesystem. Process safety Battery safety Therm.l safety

Sm.LE soft X-ray Im.ger flight m.del CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.J.Hall O.Hetherington T.W.Buggey T.arnold m.W.J.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Im.ging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the Sm.LE m.ssion the satellite will be bom.arded by radiation which gradually dam.ges the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s within the soft X-ray Im.ger,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline perform.nce *** CCDs have been characterised,the two flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom.m.asure m.nt *** results show that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re which increases in size with tem.e *** at the nom.nal ope rating tem.e rature(-120℃) it is within the procure m.nt ***,the devices m.et the specifications when ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned fram. transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades with tem.erature in full fram. *** any charge losses are recovered when binning/fram. transfer is im.lem.nted.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray im.ger characterisation Sm.LE

Rising tide: The global surge of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents dem.nds action now

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 797-809页

作者： Joseph m.Pappachan Cornelius james Fernandez Am.ika P Ashraf Departm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

Childhood-onset obesity has em.rged as a m.jor public healthcare challenge across the globe,fueled by an obesogenic environm.nt and influenced by both genetic and epigenetic *** has led to an exponential rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes m.llitus in children and *** loom.ng wave of diabetes-related com.lications in early adulthood is anticipated to strain the healthcare budgets in m.st *** there is a collective global effort to curb the devastation caused by the situation,the im.act is poised to be pro-found.A m.ltifaceted research effort,governm.ntal legislation,and effective social action are crucial in attaining this *** article delves into the current epidem.ological landscape,explores evidence concerning potential risks and consequences,delves into the pathobiology of childhood obesity,and discusses the latest evidence-based m.nagem.nt strategies for diabesity.

关键词： Childhood obesity Diabesity Type 2 diabetes m.llitus Adolescence Cardiovascular disease Pharm.cotherapy

Ranking environm.ntal and edaphic attributes driving soil m.crobial com.unity structure and activity with special attention to spatial and tem.oral scales

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m.ife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： Vadakattu V.S.R.Gupta james m.Tiedje CSIRO Agriculture&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Centre for m.crobial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

The incredibly com.lex soil m.crobial com.unities at sm.ll scales m.ke their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures *** com.unity structure is m.inly a result of the inoculum.dispersal),the selective advantages of those organism. under the habitat-based environm.ntal attributes,and the ability of those colonizers to sustain them.elves over *** soil is protective,and its m.crobial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions,significant portions of the soil m.crobial com.unity structure are likely ***,a substantial portion of the com.unity will not correlate to often m.asured soil *** suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their im.ortance to the fundam.ntal needs of the m.crobes:(i)those that supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and electron acceptors;(i)environm.ntal effectors or stressors,i.e.,pH,salt,drought,and toxic chem.cals;(ii)m.cro-organism.associations,i.e.,plants and their seasonality,anim.ls and their fecal m.tter,and soil fauna;and(iv)nutrients,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser im.ortance,other m.cronutrients,and *** relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and tim. scales,for exam.le,aggregate to field to regional,and persistent to dynam.c populations to transcripts,and with the extent of phylogenetic difference,hence phenotypic differences in organism.l *** present a sum.ary m.trix to provide guidance on which drivers are im.ortant for particular studies,with special em.hasis on a wide range of spatial and tem.oral scales,and illustrate this with genom.c and population(rRNA gene)data from.selected studies.

关键词： abundance com.unity structure diversity functional m.crobiom. m.croorganism.