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Sugarcane press mud modification of expansive soil stabilized at optimum lime content:Strength,mineralogy and microstructural investigation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第2期12卷 395-402页

作者： Jijo james SSN College of Engineering Chennai603110India

This study attempted to investigate the potential of sugarcane press mud(PM) as a secondary additive in conjunction with lime for the stabilization of an expansive *** physico-mechanical properties of an expansive soil,such as plasticity,shrink-swell behavior,unconfined compressive strength(UCS),mineralogical and microstructural characteristics were *** expansive soil was stabilized at its optimum lime content(7%) for producing maximum strength,and was modified with four different quantities of PM in small dosages(0.25%-2%).Cylindrical soil samples,38 mm in diameter and 76 mm in height,were cast and cured for varying periods to evaluate the strength of the amended *** spent samples after strength tests were further used for determination of other *** test results revealed that PM modification led to a substantial improvement in 7-d strength and noticeable increase in 28-d strength of the lime-stabilized soil(LSS).The addition of PM does not cause any detrimental changes to the shrink-swell properties as well as plasticity nature of the stabilized soil,despite being a material of organic *** investigation revealed that the formation of calcium silicate hydrate(CSH) minerals,similar to that of pure lime stabilization with only the type of mineral varying due to the modification of PM addition,does not significantly alter the microstructure of the LSS except for superficial changes being noticed.

关键词： Expansive soil Lime stabilization Press mud(PM) Strength Shrink-swell Mineralogy Microstructure

Engineering Nitrogenases for Synthetic Nitrogen Fixation:From Pathway Engineering to Directed Evolution

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BioDesign Research 2023年第1期5卷 25-36页

作者： Emily M.Bennett james w.Murray Mark Isalan Department of Life Sciences Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK.

Globally,agriculture depends on industrial nitrogen fertilizer to improve crop *** production consumes fossil fuels and contributes to environmental nitrogen pollution.A potential solution would be to harness nitrogenases—enzymes capable of converting atmospheric nitrogen N2 to NH3 in ambient *** is therefore a major goal of synthetic biology to engineer functional nitrogenases into crop plants,or bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with crops,to support growth and reduce dependence on industrially produced *** review paper highlights recent work toward understanding the functional requirements for nitrogenase expression and manipulating nitrogenase gene expression in heterologous hosts to improve activity and oxygen tolerance and potentially to engineer synthetic symbiotic relationships with plants.

关键词： crops synthetic Evolution

Innovative confocal laser method for exact dioptric power measurement of intraocular lens implants Invited Paper

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Chinese Optics Letters 2008年第12期6卷 876-878页

作者： Ilko K.Ilev Robert w.Faaland Do-Hyun Kim Robert H.james Don Calogero Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories Center for Devices and Radiological Health U.S.Food and Drug Administration10903 New Hampshire AvenueSilver Spring Office of Device Evaluation Center for Devices and Radiological Health U.S.Food and Drug Administration9200 Corporate BoulevardRockville

we present a novel confocal laser method （CLM） for precise testing of the dioptric power of both positive and negative intraocular lens （IOL） implants. The CLM principle is based on a simple fiber-optic confocal laser design including a single-mode fiber coupler that serves simultaneously as a point light source used for formation of a collimated Gaussian laser beam, and as a highly sensitive confocal point receiver. The CLM approach provides an accurate, repeatable, objective, and fast method for IOL dioptric power measurement over the range from 0 D to greater than ±30 D under both dry and in-situ simulated conditions.

关键词： Crystalline lens Fiber optic couplers Gaussian beams Intraocular lenses Laser beams Single mode fibers

Information technology auditing and assurance 2nd ed.

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Effects of disturbance on small mammal community structure in the New Jersey Pinelands, USA

2005年

作者： hall james A. 1944-

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第1期7卷 16-29页

作者： Alicia N.SHENKO walter F.BIEN james R.SPOTILA Harold w.AVERY Department of Biology Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

we compared small mammal community composition among undisturbed habitats and habitats disturbed by military operations on warren Grove Gunnery Range(wGR)in the New Jersey *** is one of the largest tracts of protected land within this globally rare *** in the form of fire,mowing,soil disruption and logging has had a large effect on small mammal occurrence and *** the 14 small mammal species that occur in the Pinelands,9 live on wGR,including large populations of the southern bog lemming(Synaptomys cooperi Baird,1858)and meadow jumping mouse[Zapus hudsonius(Zimmermann,1780)].Simpson’s Index of Diversity was 0 for most disturbed sites and was generally greater in wetlands than in ***-footed mouse[Peromyscus leucopus(Rafinesque,1818)]was the most common species on wGR and had a dominant effect on species diversity and community similarity *** dominated upland habitats and was the only species to occur in several disturbed habitats,whereas all 9 species occurred in *** components analysis indicated that most variation in species diversity was explained by disturbance and differences between upland and wetland habitats,due to presence of white-footed mice in disturbed and upland *** jumping mice,southern bog lemmings and red-back voles[Myodes gapperi(Vigors,1830)]were positively correlated with wetland habitats,and pine voles[Microtus pinetorum(Le Conte,1830)],short-tail shrews[Blarina brevicauda(Say,1823)]and eastern chipmunks[Tamias striatus(Linnaeus,1758)]were associated with *** heterogeneity at wGR,including extensive undisturbed wetlands and uplands supported a rich diversity of small mammal species.

关键词： disturbance mice military training Pine Barrens southern bog lemming

Boldness and predator evasion in naturally hybridizing swordtails （Teleostei： Xiphophorus）

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 596-603页

作者： james B. JOHNSON Zachary w. CULUMBER Ryan EASTERLING Gil G. R.OSENTHAL Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station Texas TX 77843 USA Centro de lnvestigaciones Cientificas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico

Correlations among behavioral traits can generate trade-offs and constrain phenotypic evolution. Interspecific hybridization has the potential to alter behavioral trait correlations, but the effect of hybridization on suites of behavioral traits has received relatively little attention. we evaluated how natural hybridization changes the relationship between boldness （time of emergence and proportion of time out of shelter） and response to a simulated predator threat in swordtails （Teleostei： Xiphophorus）. In poeciliid fishes, bold individuals have increased survival in the presence of predators. This non-intuitive observation may arise as a result of bold individuals being more likely to engage in anti-predator behaviors. Contrary to our prediction, bold indi- viduals were less likely to perform a fast-start response to a predator threat. This correlation was consistent among populations and species but was only significant in hybrids. The observed correlation between boldness and anti-predator behavior could im- pact hybrid fitness and the evolvability of hybrid lineages. More generally, our findings suggest that hybridization could influence the integration of behavioral phenotypes, as has been amply documented for morphology. Animal personality and behavioral syndromes could therefore play an important role in the evolutionary fate of natural hybrids [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 596-603, 2015].

关键词： Trait compensation Fast-Start Anti-predator behavior hybridization Behavioral syndrome Animal personality

wing, tail, and vocal contributions to the complex acoustic signals of courting Calliope hummingbirds

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 187-196页

作者： Christopher james CLARK Peabody Museum of Natural History Yale University PO Box 208106 New Haven CT 06511 USA Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California- Berkeley Berkeley CA USA

Multi-component signals contain multiple signal parts expressed in the same physical modality. One way to identify individual components is if they are produced by different physical mechanisms. Here, I studied the mechanisms generating acoustic signals in the courtship displays of the Calliope hummingbird Stellula calliope. Display dives consisted of three synchronized sound elements, a high-frequency tone （hfl）, a low frequency tone （lft）, and atonal sound pulses （asp）, which were then followed by a frequency-modulated fall. Manipulating any of the rectrices （tail-feathers） of wild males impaired production of the lft and asp but not the hfl or fall, which are apparently vocal. I tested the sound production capabilities of the rectrices in a wind tunnel. Single rectrices could generate the lft but not the asp, whereas multiple rectrices tested together produced sounds sitlfilar to the asp when they fluttered and collided with their neighbors percussively, representing a previously unknown mechanism of sound production. During the shuttle display, a trill is generated by the wings during pulses in which the wingbeat frequency is elevated to 95 Hz, 40% higher than the typical hovering wingbeat frequency. The Calliope hummingbird courtship displays include sounds produced by three independent mechanisms, and thus include a minimum of three acoustic signal components. These acoustic mechanisms have different constraints and thus potentially contain different messages. Producing multiple acoustic signals via multiple mechanisms may be a way to escape the constraints present in any single mechanism .

关键词： Calliope Hummingbird Courtship Multicomponent Signal Sonation wind Tunnel

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Teaching teachers

Toward the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Real-Time Customization

作者： james w. Fraser and Lauren Lefty.

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第2期29卷 127-142页

作者： james M.Tien College of Engineering University of MiamiCoral GablesFlorida 33146USA

The outputs of a national economy can be partitioned into three sets of products:tangible goods(due to manufacturing,construction,extraction and agriculture),intangible services(due to an act of useful effort),and an integration of services and goods or,as initially defined by Tien(2012),***,these products can also be considered in terms of their relation to the first three Industrial Revolutions:the First Industrial Revolution(circa 1800)was primarily focused on the production of goods;the Second Industrial Revolution(circa 1900)was primarily focused on the mass production of goods;and the Third Industrial Revolution(circa 2000)has been primarily focused on the mass customization of goods,services or *** this follow-up paper,the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization continues to accelerate in its evolution and,in many respects,is subsuming the earlier Industrial Revolutions of production and mass *** importantly,with the advent of real-time decision making,artificial intelligence,Internet of Things,mobile networks,and other advanced digital technologies,customization has been extensively enabled,thereby advancing mass customization into a Fourth Industrial Revolution of real-time ***,the moral,ethical,security and employment problems associated with both mass and real-time customization must be carefully assessed and mitigated,especially in regard to unintended *** ahead and with the advance of artificial general intelligence,this Fourth Industrial Revolution could be forthcoming in about the middle of the 21st Century;it would allow for multiple activities to be simultaneously tackled in real-time and in a customized manner.

关键词： Industrial revolutions big data goods services servgoods connected production mass customization real-time decision making Internet of Things artificial intelligence general