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Probing turbulence in galaxies w.th fast radio burst scintillation

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Science China(Physics,mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 177-178页

作者： james m.Cordes Department of Astronomy the Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary ScienceCornell UniversityIthaca NY 14853USA

Interstellar scintillation(ISS)is a w.ll-know. phenomenon observed from pulsars in the milky *** comprises intensity variations *** and frequency caused by constructive and destructive interference from multipath propagation,w.ich is due to diffraction from fluctuations in electron density in the interstellar medium(ISm)on scales as small as~100 *** density fluctuations appear to be part of a turbulence process combined w.th discrete structures in electron density from other astrophysical processes;together these fluctuations extend to scales of pc or larger.

关键词： scales galaxies turbulence

Sim-to-Real: A Performance Comparison of PPO, TD3, and SAC Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Quadruped w.lking Gait Generation

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Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications 2024年第2期16卷 23-43页

作者： james w. m.ck Suresh S. muknahallipatna Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA

The performance of the state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement algorithms such as Proximal Policy Optimization, Tw.n Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient, and Soft Actor-Critic for generating a quadruped w.lking gait in a virtual environment w.s presented in previous research w.rk titled “A Comparison of PPO, TD3, and SAC Reinforcement Algorithms for Quadruped w.lking Gait Generation”. w. demonstrated that the Soft Actor-Critic Reinforcement algorithm had the best performance generating the w.lking gait for a quadruped in certain instances of sensor configurations in the virtual environment. In this w.rk, w. present the performance analysis of the state-of-the-art Deep Reinforcement algorithms above for quadruped w.lking gait generation in a physical environment. The performance is determined in the physical environment by transfer learning augmented by real-time reinforcement learning for gait generation on a physical quadruped. The performance is analyzed on a quadruped equipped w.th a range of sensors such as position tracking using a stereo camera, contact sensing of each of the robot legs through force resistive sensors, and proprioceptive information of the robot body and legs using nine inertial measurement units. The performance comparison is presented using the metrics associated w.th the w.lking gait: average forw.rd velocity (m/s), average forw.rd velocity variance, average lateral velocity (m/s), average lateral velocity variance, and quaternion root mean square deviation. The strengths and w.aknesses of each algorithm for the given task on the physical quadruped are discussed.

关键词： Reinforcement Learning Reality Gap Position Tracking Action Spaces Domain Randomization

Nickel sulfate solution fluoride separation w.th hydrous zirconium oxide

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 367-381页

作者： Elbert m.Nigri Ummul K.Sultana André L.A.Santos james w.Vaughan Sonia D.F.Rocha Department of mining Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil School of Chemical Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,w.ich is required for electric vehicle *** zirconium oxide(HZO)w.s evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate *** fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr *** availability decreases w.th pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous *** removal is initially rapid,w.th 50 w..%removal in 7 min,follow.d by slow.removal up to 68 w..%after 72 h and follow. second order rate *** removal w.s dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds w.re observed using Fourier-transform infrared *** presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free *** maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.

关键词： Hydrous zirconium oxide Nickel sulfate Fluoride Adsorption Anion exchange

Acute w.rsening of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus during rapid glycemic control:The pathobiology and therapeutic implications

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w.rld Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 311-317页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

w.ile chronic hyperglycaemia resulting from poorly controlled diabetes mellitus(Dm)is a w.ll-know. precursor to complications such as diabetic retinopathy,neuropathy(including autonomic neuropathy),and nephropathy,a paradoxical intensification of these complications can rarely occur w.th aggressive glycemic management resulting in a rapid reduction of glycated ***,acute onset or w.rsening of retinopathy and treatment induced neuropathy of diabetes are more common among these complications,rarely other problems such as albuminuria,diabetic kidney disease,Charcot’s neuroarthropathy,gastroparesis,and urinary bladder dysfunction are also *** w.rld Journal of Diabetes recently published a rare case of all these complications,occurring in a young type 1 diabetic female intensely managed during pregnancy,as a case report by Huret et *** is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the pathobiology,prevalence,predisposing factors,and management strategies for acute onset,or w.rsening of microvascular complications w.en rapid glycemic control is achieved,w.ich serves to alleviate patient morbidity,enhance disease management compliance,and possibly to avoid medico-legal issues around this rare clinical *** editorial delves into the dynamics surrounding the acute exacerbation of microvascular complications in poorly controlled Dm during rapid glycaemic control.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus microvascular complications Diabetic retinopathy Treatment induced neuropathy of diabetes Diabetic nephropathy Charcot’s neuropathy

Diabetes and tuberculosis:An emerging dual threat to healthcare

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w.rld Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1409-1416页

作者： Sahana Shetty Joseph m Pappachan Cornelius james Fernandez Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipalManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology&metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom

Tuberculosis(TB)remains a huge global healthcare challenge even in the 21^(st) century though the prevalence has dropped in developed countries in recent *** mellitus(Dm)is an important risk factor for the development and perpetuation of TB ow.ng to the immune dysfunction in patients w.th *** coexistence of both diseases in the same individual also aggravates disease severity,complications,and chance of treatment failure because of gross immune alterations posed by Dm as w.ll as *** complex cellular and humoral immunological factors are involved in the dangerous interaction betw.en TB and Dm,some of w.ich remain unknow. even *** is highly important to identify the risk factors for TB in patients w.th Dm,and vice versa,to ensure early diagnosis and management to prevent complications from this ominous *** their research study published in the recent issue of the w.rld Journal of Diabetes,Shi et al elaborate on the factors associated w.th the development of TB in a large cohort of Dm patients from *** such research output from different regions of the w.rld is expected to improve our know.edge to fight the health devastation posed by TB in patients w.th diabetes.

关键词： Tuberculosis Diabetes mellitus Immune dysfunction Treatment failure multi-drug resistant tuberculosis

Non-pharmacological interventions for diabetic peripheral neuropathy:Are w. w.nning the battle?

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w.rld Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 579-585页

作者： Dania Blaibel Cornelius james Fernandez Joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology&metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Despite the advent of relatively reliable modalities of diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN),such as nerve conduction studies,there is still a know.edge gap about the pathophysiology,and thus limited available in-terventions for symptom control and curtailing disease *** pharma-cologic aspect of management is mainly centred on pain control,how.ver,there are several important aspects of DPN such as loss of vibration sense,pressure sense,and proprioception w.ich are associated w.th risks to low.r limb health,w.ich pharmacotherapy does not ***,published evidence suggests non-pharmacologic interventions such as glycaemic control through dietary modification and exercise need to be combined w.th other measures such as psychotherapy,to reach a desired,how.ver modest *** is emerging as an important treatment modality for several chronic medical conditions including neuropathic and other pain *** their study published in the w.rld Journal of Diabetes on the potential of acupuncture to reduce DPN symptoms and enhance nerve conduction parameters,Hoerder et al have been able to demonstrate that acupuncture improves sensory function and that this effect is likely sustained tw. months after treatment *** previous studies also support these findings,larger multi-center randomized control trials including a sham-controlled arm accounting for a placebo effect are ***,given the satisfactory safety profile and the positive results found in these studies,it is likely that acupuncture may become an important aspect of the repertoire of effective DPN management.

关键词： Diabetic peripheral neuropathy Diabetes mellitus Pharmacotherapy Acupuncture Neuropathic pain Nonpharmacological intervention

Diabetic cardiomyopathy:Emerging therapeutic options

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w.rld Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1677-1682页

作者： Cornelius james Fernandez Sahana Shetty Joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology&metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DbCm)is a common but underrecognized complication of patients w.th diabetes mellitus(Dm).Although the pathobiology of other cardiac complications of diabetes such as ischemic heart disease and cardiac autonomic neuropathy are mostly know. w.th reasonable therapeutic options,the mechanisms and management options for DbCm are still not fully *** its early stages,DbCm presents w.th diastolic dysfunction follow.d by heart failure(HF)w.th preserved ejection fraction that can progress to systolic dysfunction and HF w.th reduced ejection fraction in its advanced stages unless appropriately *** from prompt control of Dm w.th lifestyle changes and antidiabetic medications,disease-modifying therapy for DbCm includes prompt control of hypertension and dyslipidemia inherent to patients w.th Dm as in other forms of heart diseases and the use of treatments w.th proven efficacy in HF.A basic study by Zhang et al,in a recent issue of the w.rld Journal of Diabetes elaborates the potential pathophysiological alterations and the therapeutic role of teneligliptin in diabetic mouse models w.th *** this preliminary basic study might help to improve our understanding of DbCm and offer a potential new.management option for patients w.th the disease,the positive results from such animal models might not alw.ys translate to clinical practice as the pathobiology of DbCm in humans could be ***,such experimental studies can encourage more scientific efforts to find a better solution to treat patients w.th this enigmatic disease.

关键词： Diabetic cardiomyopathy Diabetic cardiomyopathy Heart failure Pathobiology Teneligliptin

A holistic approach to improving safety for battery energy storage systems

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 422-439页

作者： james Close Jonathan E.Barnard Y.m.John Chew.Semali Perera Department of Chemical Engineering Centre for DigitalManufacturing&DesignUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK iomosaic International Limited 16-18 Queen SquareBath BA12HNUK

The integration of battery energy storage systems(BESS)throughout our energy chain poses concerns regarding safety,especially since batteries have high energy density and numerous BESS failure events have *** spread adoption w.ll only increase the prevalence of these failure events unless there is a step change in the management and design of *** understand the causes of failure,the main challenges of BESS safety are *** consequences and failure events are discussed,including specific focus on the chain of events causing thermal runaw.y,and a case study of a BESS explosion in Surprise Arizona is *** on the technology and past events,a paradigm shift is required to improve BESS *** this review.a holistic approach is *** combines currently adopted approaches including battery cell testing,lumped cell mathematical modelling,and calorimetry,alongside additional measures taken to ensure BESS safety including the requirement for computational fluid dynamics and kinetic modelling,assessment of installation level testing of the full BESS system and not simply a single cell battery test,hazard and layers of protection analysis,gas chromatography,and composition *** holistic approach proposed in this study aims to address challenges of BESS safety and form the basis of a paradigm shift in the safety management and design of these systems.

关键词： Energy storagesystems Process safety Battery safety Thermal safety

Rising tide: The global surge of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents demands action now

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w.rld Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 797-809页

作者： Joseph m Pappachan Cornelius james Fernandez Ambika P Ashraf Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology&metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

Childhood-onset obesity has emerged as a major public healthcare challenge across the globe,fueled by an obesogenic environment and influenced by both genetic and epigenetic *** has led to an exponential rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and *** looming w.ve of diabetes-related complications in early adulthood is anticipated to strain the healthcare budgets in most *** there is a collective global effort to curb the devastation caused by the situation,the impact is poised to be pro-found.A multifaceted research effort,governmental legislation,and effective social action are crucial in attaining this *** article delves into the current epidemiological landscape,explores evidence concerning potential risks and consequences,delves into the pathobiology of childhood obesity,and discusses the latest evidence-based management strategies for diabesity.

关键词： Childhood obesity Diabesity Type 2 diabetes mellitus Adolescence Cardiovascular disease Pharmacotherapy