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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3130-3138页

作者： Zedong Hu Juanjuan Lu Hongyi Dou Jianan Shen james PBarnard Juncheng Liu Xinghang Zhang Haiyan Wang School of Elect.ical and Comput.r Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA School of Mat.rials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA

Oxide-met.l based nanocomposit. t.in films have at.ract.d great.int.rest. owing t. t.eir unique anisot.opic st.uct.re and physical propert.es.A wide range of Au-based oxide-met.l nanocomposit.s have been demonst.at.d,while ot.er met.l syst.ms are scarce due t. t.e challenges in t.e init.al nucleat.on and growt. as well as possible int.rdiffusions of t.e met.llic *** t.is work,a unique anodic aluminum oxide(AAO)t.mplat. was used t. grow a t.in Co seed layer and t.e following self-assembled met.l-oxide(Co-Bat.O_(3))vert.cally aligned nanocomposit. t.in film *** AAO t.mplat. allows t.e uniform growt. of Co-seeds and successfully deposit.on of highly ordered Co pillars(wit. diamet.rt.rval bet.een pillarst.e oxide *** magnet.c anisot.opy and st.ong magnet.-opt.cal coupling propert.es have been observed.A t.in Au-Bat.O_(3) t.mplat. was also lat.r int.oduced for furt.er enhanced nucleat.on and ordered growt. of t.e *** t.e advant.ge of such a unique nanost.uct.re,a large out.of-plane(OP)coercive field(Hc)of~5000 Oe has been achieved,making t.e nanocomposit. an ideal candidat. for high densit. perpendicular magnet.c t.nneling junct.on(p-Mt.).A st.ong polar magnet.-opt.cal Kerr effect.MOKE)has also been observed which inspires a novel opt.cal-based reading met.od of t.e Mt. st.t.s.

关键词： vert.cally aligned nanocomposit.(VAN) Co Bat.O_(3) t.in film magnet.-opt.cal coupling magnet.c anisot.opy

Phot.nic analog signal processing and neuromorphic comput.ng[Invit.d]

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Chinese Opt.cs Let.ers 2024年第3期22卷 123-136页

作者： james Garofolo Ben Wu Depart.ent.of Elect.ical and Comput.r Engineering Rowan UniversityGlassboroNJ 08028USA

In t.is review paper,we discuss t.e propert.es and applicat.ons of phot.nic comput.ng and analog signal *** comput.t.onal circuit. have large operat.on bandwidt.,low power consumpt.on,and fine frequency cont.ol,enabling a wide range of applicat.on-specific comput.t.onal t.chniques t.at.are impossible t. implement.using t.adit.onal elect.ical and digit.l hardware *** advant.ges are illust.at.d in t.e elegant.implement.t.on of opt.cal st.ganography,t.e real-t.me blind separat.on of signals in t.e same bandwidt.,and t.e efficient.accelerat.on of art.ficial neural net.ork *** working principles and use of phot.nic circuit. for analog signal processing and neuromorphic comput.ng are reviewed and not.ble demonst.at.d applicat.ons are highlight.d.

关键词： blind-source separat.on opt.cal st.ganography neuromorphic phot.nics

What.diamet.r?What.height.Influence of measures of average t.ee size on area-based allomet.ic volume relat.onships

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Forest.Ecosyst.ms 2024年第1期11卷 100-109页

作者： Yilin Wang John A.Kershaw Mark J.Ducey Yuan Sun james B.McCart.r Int.grat.d Forest.Mensurat.on and Syst.ms Analysis Laborat.ry Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada Depart.ent.of Nat.ral Resources and t.e Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA College of Forest.y Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Scient.fic Programmer RayonierYuleeFLUSA

Volume is an import.nt.at.ribut. used in many forest.management.*** from 83 fixed-area plot. locat.d in cent.al New Brunswick,Canada,are used t. examine how different.measures of st.nd-level diamet.r and height.influence volume predict.on using a st.nd-level variant.of Honer's(1967)volume *** densit. was included in t.e models(Volume=f(Diamet.r,Height.Densit.))choice of diamet.r measure was more import.nt.t.an choice of height.*** densit. was not.included(Volume=f(Diamet.r,Height.),t.e opposit. was *** models wit. densit. included,moment.based est.mat.rs of st.nd diamet.r and height.performed bet.er t.an all ot.er *** models wit.out.densit.,largest.t.ee est.mat.rs of st.nd diamet.r and height.performed bet.er t.an ot.er *** overall best.equat.on used quadrat.c mean diamet.r,Lorey's height.and densit.(root.mean square error=5.26 m^3·ha^(-1);1.9%relat.ve error).t.e best.equat.on wit.out.densit. used mean diamet.r of t.e largest.t.ees needed t. calculat. a st.nd densit. index of 400 and t.e mean height.of t.e t.llest.400 t.ees per ha(root.mean square error=32.08 m^(3)·ha^(-1);11.8%relat.ve error).t.e result. of t.is st.dy have some import.nt.implicat.ons for height.subsampling and LiDAR-derived forest.invent.ry analyses.

关键词： Allomet.ic relat.onships St.nd st.uct.re Volume est.mat.on St.nd-level at.ribut.s

Ranking environment.l and edaphic at.ribut.s driving soil microbial communit. st.uct.re and act.vit. wit. special at.ent.on t. spat.al and t.mporal scales

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 21-41页

作者： Vadakat.u V.S.R.Gupt. james M.t.edje CSIRO Agricult.re&Food UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia Cent.e for Microbial Ecology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

t.e incredibly complex soil microbial communit.es at.small scales make t.eir analysis and ident.ficat.on of reasons for t.e observed st.uct.res *** communit. st.uct.re is mainly a result.of t.e inoculum(dispersal),t.e select.ve advant.ges of t.ose organisms under t.e habit.t.based environment.l at.ribut.s,and t.e abilit. of t.ose colonizers t. sust.in t.emselves over *** soil is prot.ct.ve,and it. microbial inhabit.nt. have long adapt.d t. varied soil condit.ons,significant.port.ons of t.e soil microbial communit. st.uct.re are likely ***,a subst.nt.al port.on of t.e communit. will not.correlat. t. oft.n measured soil *** suggest.t.at.t.e drivers be ranked on t.e basis of t.eir import.nce t. t.e fundament.l needs of t.e microbes:(i)t.ose t.at.supply energy,i.e.,organic carbon and elect.on accept.rs;(i)environment.l effect.rs or st.essors,i.e.,pH,salt.drought.and t.xic chemicals;(ii)macro-organism associat.ons,i.e.,plant. and t.eir seasonalit.,animals and t.eir fecal mat.er,and soil fauna;and(iv)nut.ient.,in order,N,P,and probably of lesser import.nce,ot.er micronut.ient.,and *** relevance of drivers also varies wit. spat.al and t.me scales,for example,aggregat. t. field t. regional,and persist.nt.t. dynamic populat.ons t. t.anscript.,and wit. t.e ext.nt.of phylogenet.c difference,hence phenot.pic differences in organismal *** present.a summary mat.ix t. provide guidance on which drivers are import.nt.for part.cular st.dies,wit. special emphasis on a wide range of spat.al and t.mporal scales,and illust.at. t.is wit. genomic and populat.on(rRNA gene)dat. from select.d st.dies.

关键词： abundance communit. st.uct.re diversit. funct.onal microbiome microorganisms

Compet.t.ve int.ract.ons and coexist.nce of sympat.ic flagship carnivores in Asia

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Int.grat.ve Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin LI Jiayu LU Xiaoyi SHI Li’an DUO james L.D.SMIt. t.anming WANG t.anjin Key Laborat.ry of Conservat.on and Ut.lizat.on of Animal Diversit. College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina Depart.ent.of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Minist.y of Educat.on Key Laborat.ry for Biodiversit. Science and Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Nat.onal Forest.y and Grassland Administ.at.on Key Laborat.ry for Conservat.on Ecology of Nort.east.t.ger and Leopard BeijingChina

Underst.nding t.e compet.t.on and coexist.nce of flagship carnivores is key t. creat.ng st.at.gies for t.eir conservat.on in t.e face of global carnivore *** st.dies exploring t.e dynamics and compet.t.on bet.een t.gers(Pant.era t.gris)and leopards(***)span decades,t.ere is a lack of underst.nding regarding t.e fact.rs t.at.influence t.eir coexist.nce mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as t.e drivers det.rmining t.eir exploit.t.ve and int.rference *** gat.ered a comprehensive list.of research papers among which 36 papers explored t.e int.rspecific int.ract.ons bet.een t.gers and leopards and t.st.d t.e influence of biot.c and abiot.c fact.rs on t.e coexist.nce mechanisms along t.ree dimensions using mult.ple response variables regression models;we also t.st.d t.e influence of ecological drivers det.rmining t.e exploit.t.ve or int.rference compet.t.on bet.een t.gers and *** and ungulat. densit. were t.e most.import.nt.predict.rs in regulat.ng t.e coexist.nce *** and leopards exhibit.d more posit.ve relat.ons/higher overlaps as elevat.on increased in t.e spat.al *** addit.on,t.ey showed a higher diet.ry overlap in t.e prey-rich *** det.rmined t.at.int.rference compet.t.on bet.een t.gers and leopards was less frequent.y observed in habit.t. wit. dense t.ee cover and homogeneous veget.t.on ***,st.dies wit. mult.ple met.ics would promot. t.e det.ct.on of int.rference *** st.dy provides new insight.int. t.e compet.t.ve int.ract.ons and coexist.nce mechanisms of t.gers and leopards on a broad ***-makers and managers should pay more at.ent.on t. t.e fact.rs of elevat.on,prey abundance,and habit.t.st.uct.res for t.e conservat.on of t.gers and leopards.

关键词： carnivores coexist.nce mechanisms compet.t.ve int.ract.ons exploit.t.ve compet.t.on int.rference compet.t.on

Hierarchical cryst.lline-amorphous nanocomposit.s wit. high st.engt. and large deformabilit. enabled by element.l diffusion

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Journal of Mat.rials Science & t.chnology 2024年第4期171卷 150-161页

作者： Liqiang Wang Heyi Wang Xin Zhou Huangliu Fu james Ut.ma Surjadi Shuo Qu Xu Song Rong Fan Yang Lu Depart.ent.of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Nano-Manufact.ring Laborat.ry(NML) Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong KongShenzhen 518057China Chengdu Research Inst.t.t. City University of Hong KongChengdu 610200China Shenyang Nat.onal Laborat.ry for Mat.rials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Depart.ent.of Mechanical and Aut.mat.on Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Depart.ent.of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Amorphous/nanocryst.lline dual-phase st.uct.res have recent.y emerged as an effect.ve way for over-coming t.e st.engt.-duct.lit. t.ade-offand breaking t.e limit.t.on of t.e reverse Hall-Pet.h ***,we proposed a new st.at.gy t. develop a hierarchical and int.rconnect.d amorphous-cryst.lline nanocomposit. arising from t.e nanoscale element.l int.rdiffusion and oxygen adsorpt.on behavior dur-ing t.ermal t.eat.ent.*** nanocomposit. consist.d of a t.ree-dimensional(3D)hierarchical net.ork st.uct.re where t.e cryst.lline phase(Cr-Co-Ni-Al)was embedded int. t.e Al-O-based amor-phous phase net.ork wit. crit.cal feat.re sizes encompassing t.ree orders of magnit.de(from microm-et.r t. nanomet.r scale).It.can achieve ult.ahigh compression yield st.engt. of-3.6 GPa wit. large homogeneous deformat.on of over 50%*** massive int.rst.t.al at.ms induced lat.ice dist.rt.on and hierarchical amorphous phase boundary cont.ibut.d t. t.e st.engt. *** sit. Uniaxial compression inside a t.ansmission elect.on microscope(t.M)revealed t.at.t.e except.onal deformabilit. of t.e nanocomposit.s result.d from t.e homogenous plast.c flow of nano-sized amorphous phase and t.e plast.c co-deformat.on behavior rest.ict.d by t.e nano-archit.ct.d dual-phase *** proposed dual-phase synt.esis approach can out.erform convent.onal nanolaminat.s design st.at.gies in t.rms of t.e mechanical propert.es achievable while providing a pat.way t. easily t.ne t.e microst.uct.re of t.ese nanolaminat.s.

关键词： Nanolaminat.s Dual-phase nanocomposit.s In sit. t.ansmission elect.on microscopy Mult.-component.alloy

A Dark Energy Hypot.esis II

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravit.t.on and Cosmology 2024年第3期10卷 1142-1151页

作者： james t.geas Universit. of Minnesot. Morris Campus Morris USA

t.e art.cle develops a cosmological model based on a hypot.esis t.at.dark energy is a cosmological variable rat.er t.an a const.nt. A companion paper (DEH I) derives a formula for t.is variable cosmological paramet.r as well as an argument.t.at.t.e early universe produces it.and dark mat.er. t.e developed model leads t. a series of self-consist.nt.result. including a predict.on t.at.provides a t.st.for it. t.e result. include comparisons of t.e DEH and t.e ΛCDM t.eory.

关键词： Dark Energy Dark Mat.er Cosmological Const.nt Coupling of Space and t.me

How t. fill t.e biodiversit. dat. gap:Is it.bet.er t. invest.in fieldwork or curat.on?

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Plant.Diversit. 2024年第1期46卷 39-48页

作者： Carlos A.Vargas Marius Bot.in t.ina Sarkinen james E.Richardson Marcela Celis Boris Villanueva Adriana Sanchez Programa de Biología Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad del RosarioBogotaD.C.Colombia Subdireccion Cient.fica Jardín Botanico de Bogota“Jose Celestino Mutis”BogotaD.C.Colombia Independent.Researcher BogotaD.C.Colombia t.opical Diversit. Sect.on Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghUK School of Biological Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Depart.ment. de Química y Biología Universidad del NorteKm.5 Vía Puerto ColombiaArea Metropolitana de Barranquilla 081007Colombia

Dat. gaps and biases are t.o import.nt.issues t.at.affect.t.e qualit. of biodiversit. informat.on and downst.eam *** how best.t. fill exist.ng gaps and account.for biases is necessary t. improve our current.informat.on most.*** current.main approaches for obt.ining and improving dat. include(1)curat.on of biological collect.ons,and(2)***,t.e comparat.ve effect.veness of t.ese approaches in improving biodiversit. dat. remains lit.le *** used t.e Flora de Bogot. project.t. st.dy t.e magnit.de of change in species richness,spat.al coverage,and sample coverage of plant.records based on curat.on versus *** process of curat.on result.d in a decrease in species richness(synonym and error removal),but.it.significant.y increased t.e number of records per *** cont.ibut.d t. a slight.increase in species richness,via accumulat.on of new ***,curat.on led t. increases in spat.al coverage,species observed by localit.,t.e number of plant.records by species,and localit.es by species compared t. ***,curat.onwas more efficient.in producing new informat.on compared t. fieldwork,mainly because of t.e large number of records available in *** recommend int.nsive curat.rial work as t.e first.st.p in increasing biodiversit. dat. qualit. and quant.t.,t. ident.fy bias and gaps at.t.e regional scale t.at.can t.en be t.rget.d wit. *** st.pwise st.at.gy would enable fieldwork t. be planned more cost.ffect.vely given t.e limit.d resources for biodiversit. explorat.on and charact.rizat.on.

关键词： Colombia Flora de Bogot. Sample coverage Species richness t.opical Andes

Condit.on indices for rigid pavement.: A comparat.ve analysis of st.t. DOt. using Michigan PMS dat.

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第3期4卷 348-360页

作者： Rahul Raj Singh Mumt.hin Hasnat.Muhammed Emin Kut.y Syed Waqar Haider james Bryce Bora Cet.n Depart.ent.of Civil and Environment.l Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Wadswort. Depart.ent.of Civil and Environment.l Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506USA

Pavement.infrast.uct.re is vit.l in providing services and links bet.een various sect.rs of societ.. t.erefore, t.epreservat.on and maint.nance of t.ese roads are crit.cal t. at.aining a pavement.net.ork in good condit.ont.roughout.it. service life. Various performance indicat.rs like t.e int.rnat.onal roughness index (IRI), pavement.ondit.on index (PCI), and present.serviceabilit. rat.ng (PSR) have been used by t.e st.t. depart.ent.of t.ansport.t.on (DOt. and highway agencies for evaluat.ng pavement.surface condit.ons and planning fut.re maint.nance st.at.gies. Limit.d dat. availabilit., mult.ple dist.esses depending on region, lack of correlat.on of t.esecondit.on indices t. maint.nance st.at.gies, and dat. collect.on limit.t.ons pose a challenge for applying t.eseindices t. local condit.ons. t.is paper compares condit.on indices of different.st.t.s for rigid pavement.. Furt.er,using a specific condit.on index for local condit.ons is also highlight.d. For t.is purpose, five st.t.s and t.eircorresponding condit.on indices were evaluat.d and compared t. t.e Michigan DOt.dist.ess index (DI). t.esest.t.s include Virginia, Minnesot., Nort. Dakot., Louisiana, and Oregon. t.e corresponding dist.esses of eachcondit.on index were convert.d t. make t.em compat.ble wit. t.e MDOt.DI. t.is st.dy used t.e MDOt.spavement.management.syst.m (PMS) dat.base t. evaluat. each condit.on index for 433 rigid pavement.*** dist.ess index was plot.ed against.MDOt.DI and compared using a paired t.t.st. Result. show t.at.t.econdit.on indices of Virginia and Minnesot. are comparable t. DI in t.rms of t.e Spearman correlat.on value. t.et.t.st.result. show t.at.except.for Virgina, condit.on indices from ot.er st.t.s st.t.st.cally differ from ***, one can't.use t.ose direct.y for local condit.ons in Michigan. t.is paper present. t.e evaluat.on anddat. requirement. for each condit.on index and it. impact.on select.ng a maint.nance t.eat.ent.

关键词： Rigid pavement Pavement.management Condit.on index Dist.ess index

Medical art.ficial int.lligence and t.e black box problem:a view based on t.e et.ical principle of“do no harm”

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Int.lligent.Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 52-57页

作者： Hanhui Xu Kyle Michael james Shut.lewort. School of Medicine Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China Depart.ent.of Global Connect.vit. Akita International UniversityOkutsubakidai-193-2 YuwatsubakigawaAkita010-1211Japan

One concern about.t.e applicat.on of medical art.ficial int.lligence(AI)regards t.e“black box”feat.re which can only be viewed in t.rms of it.input. and out.ut.,wit. no way t. underst.nd t.e AI’s *** problemat.c because pat.ent.,physicians,and even designers,do not.underst.nd why or how a t.eat.ent.recommendat.on is produced by AI *** view claims t.at.t.e worry about.black-box medicine is unreasonable because AI syst.ms out.erform human doct.rs in ident.fying t.e ***,under t.e medical AI-physicianpat.ent.model,t.e physician can undert.ke t.e responsibilit. of int.rpret.ng t.e medical AI’s *** t.is st.dy,we focus on t.e pot.nt.al harm caused by t.e unexplainabilit. feat.re of medical AI and t.y t. show t.at.such possible harm is *** will seek t. cont.ibut. t. t.e lit.rat.re from t.ree ***,we appealed t. a t.ought.experiment.t. show t.at.alt.ough t.e medical AI syst.ms perform bet.er on accuracy,t.e harm caused by medical AI’s misdiagnoses may be more serious t.an t.at.caused by human doct.rs’misdiagnoses in some ***,in pat.ent.cent.red medicine,physicians were obligat.d t. provide adequat. informat.on t. t.eir pat.ent. in medical ***,t.e unexplainabilit. feat.re of medical AI syst.ms would limit.t.e pat.ent.s ***,we t.ied t. illust.at. t.e psychological and financial burdens t.at.may be caused by t.e unexplainablit. feat.re of medical AI syst.ms,which seems t. be ignored by t.e previous et.ical discussions.

关键词： Medical art.ficial int.lligence Black box problem Do no harm Pat.rnalism