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Productivity and technical efficiency of Robusta coffee farms at varying elevation categories in sultan Kudarat, Philippines: implications on sustainability

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Journal of Mountain science 2024年第11期21卷 3615-3629页

作者： Mark james s.sAGUIMPA Larry N.DIGAL Agri-Aqua Value Chain Laboratory University of the Philippines MindanaoDavao City 8000Philippines school of Management University of the Philippines MindanaoDavao City 8000Philippines

Elevation can affect agricultural outputs,affecting farms’productivity and *** article identified the significant production inputs influencing productivity and factors influencing technical efficiency(TE)and determined the average TE scores of Robusta coffee farms at varying elevations in sultan Kudarat,***-sectional data from the Mahintana Foundation,*** random stratified sampling and power analysis from september 9,2021,to January 13,2022,were used to analyze 604 farms from areas ranging from 0.33 to 1284.18 above mean sea level(amsl),classified as low,medium,and high ***-Data-Kit-based(ODK)mobile data collection systems were utilized to precisely determine the farms’coordinates and *** stochastic frontier analysis,results showed that increasing the total fertilizer amount and total trees by 1%significantly increased yield by 0.20%and 0.79%,***,increasing the total land area by 1%,including areas unutilized for coffee farming,decreases total yield by 0.11%.Regarding TE,results showed that TE decreases by approximately 0.58%at high ***,increasing net income from coffee farming alone by 1%significantly increases TE by 0.00008%.With an average TE of 0.60,0.77,and 0.63 in low,medium,and high elevations,farms may be incentivized to improve farming practices to increase their TE *** improvement recommendations include promoting coffee-agroforestry systems and ecolabelling at medium elevations,such as shade-grown coffee,to promote sustainable production in Robusta coffee farms by assigning a premium to consumers demanding environmental conservation.

关键词： Cobb-Douglas production function Elevation Philippines Robusta coffee farms stochastic frontier analysis Technical efficiency

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Why forefoot striking in minimal shoes might positively change the course of running injuries

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Journal of sport and Health science 2017年第2期6卷 154-161页

作者： Irene s.davis Hannah M.Rice scott C.Wearing spaulding National Running Center Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical School sport and Health sciences University of Exeter Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology

It is believed that human ancestors evolved the ability to run bipedally approximately 2 million years ago. This form of locomotion may have been important to our survival and likely has influenced the evolution of our body form. As our bodies have adapted to run, it seems unusual that up to 79% of modern day runners are injured annually. The etiology of these injuries is clearly multifactorial. However, 1 aspect of running that has significantly changed over the past 50 years is the footwear we use. Modern running shoes have become increasingly cushioned and supportive, and have changed the way we run. In particular, they have altered our footstrike pattern from a predominantly forefoot strike(FFs) landing to a predominantly rearfoot strike(RFs) landing. This change alters the way in which the body is loaded and may be contributing to the high rate of injuries runners experience while engaged in an activity for which they were adapted. In this paper, we will examine the benefits of barefoot running(typically an FFs pattern),and compare the lower extremity mechanics between FFs and RFs. The implications of these mechanical differences, in terms of injury, will be discussed. We will then provide evidence to support our contention that FFs provides an optimal mechanical environment for specific foot and ankle structures, such as the heel pad, the plantar fascia, and the Achilles tendon. The importance of footwear will then be addressed, highlighting its interaction with strike pattern on mechanics. This analysis will underscore why footwear matters when assessing mechanics. Finally, proper preparation and safe transition to an FFs pattern in minimal shoes will be emphasized. Through the discussion of the current literature, we will develop a justification for returning to running in the way for which we were adapted to reduce running-related injuries.

关键词： shoes running injuries strike predominantly landing tendon striking plantar locomotion

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Upper range limit establishment after wildfire of an obligateseeding montane forest tree fails to keep pace with 20th century warming

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 200-207页

作者： John W.Morgan james D.Vincent james s.Camac Research Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology Department of EcologyEnvironment and EvolutionLa Trobe UniversityKingsbury DriveBundooraVIC 3086Australia Department of Biological sciences Macquarie UniversityBalaclava RoadNorth RydeNew South Wales 2109Australia

Aims How species respond to climate change at local scales will depend on how edaphic and biological characteristics interact with species physiological limits and traits such as *** seeders,those species that depend on fire for recruitment,have few and epi-sodic opportunities to track a changing climate *** such cases,long-distance seed dispersal will be necessary to take advan-tage of rare recruitment *** examine recruitment patterns and seedling growth below,at and above the timberline of an obligate-seeding Australian montane forest tree(Eucalyptus delegatensis)after stand-replacing fire,and place these changes in the context of regional *** We use two methods to detect whether *** can estab-lish and persist above the timberline after stand-replacing wildfire in montane forests in south-east ***,we examine estab-lishment patterns by using belt transects at six sites to quantify how changes in post-fire recruit density with increasing distance above the timberline seven years ***,to determine whether dispersal or physiological constraints determine post-fire establish-ment patterns,we transplanted seedlings and saplings into bare ground above(100 m elevation),at,and below(50 m elevation)timberline 18-months after *** monitored seedling growth and survival for one growing *** Findings There was minimal upslope migration of the species after fire with most saplings observed near seed-bearing timberline trees,with only occasional outpost *** seedlings and saplings sur-vived equally well across one growing season when planted above existing timberlines,relative to saplings at or below the *** and sapling growth rates also did not differ across these location,although seedlings grew at much faster rates than *** findings suggest that upslope growing season conditions are unlikely to limit initial range expansion of trees aft

关键词： climate change dispersal limitation growth rates regeneration niche timberline

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Variation in Heat-shock Proteins and Photosynthetic Thermotolerance among Natural Populations of Chenopodium album *** Contrasting Thermal Environments:Implications for Plant Responses to Global Warming

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1440-1451页

作者： Deepak Barua scott A.Heckathorn james s.Coleman Department of Biology Syracuse University Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Department of Environmental sciences University of Toledo

Production of heat-shock proteins （Hsps） is a key adaptation to acute heat stress and will be important in determining plant responses to climate change. Further, intraspecifc variation in Hsps, which will influence species-level response to global warming, has rarely been examined in naturally occurring plants. To understand intraspecific variation in plant Hsps and its relevance to global warming, we examined Hsp content and thermotolerance in five naturally occurring populations of Chenopodium album L. from contrasting thermal environments grown at low and high temperatures. As expected, Hsp accumulation varied between populations, but this was related more to habitat variability than to mean temperature. Unexpectedly, Hsp accumulation decreased with increasing variability of habitat temperatures. Hsp accumulation also decreased with increased experimental growth temperatures. Physiological thermotolerance was partitioned into basal and induced components. As with Hsps, induced thermotolerance decreased with increasing temperature variability. Thus, populations native to the more stressful habitats, or grown at higher temperatures, had lower Hsp levels and induced thermotolerance, suggesting a greater reliance on basal mechanisms for thermotolerance. These results suggest that future global climate change will differentially impact ecotypes within species, possibly by selecting for increased basal versus inducible thermotolerance.

关键词： acclimation photosynthesis stress proteins temperature.

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Coupling virio-and bacterioplankton populations with environmental variable changes in the Bohai sea

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Acta Oceanologica sinica 2020年第6期39卷 72-83页

作者： Caixia Wang Lin Wu Yibo Wang james s.Paterson james G.Mitchell Xiaoke Hu Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264003China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Ocean school Yantai UniversityYantai 264003China College of science and Engineering Flinders UniversityAdelaideSA 5001Australia

Uncovering the role of environmental factors and finding critical factors which harbor significant fractions in governing microbial communities remain key questions in coastal marine *** detect the interactions between environmental factors and distributions of virio-and bacterioplankton in trophic coastal areas,we used flow cytometry to investigate the abundance of virio-and bacterioplankton covering 31 stations in the Bohai sea of *** results suggested that the average abundance of total virus(TV)in winter(~2.29×108 particles/mL)was slightly lower than in summer(~3.83×108 particles/mL).The mean total bacterial abundance(TB)was much lower in winter(~2.54×107 particles/mL)than in summer(~5.43×107 particles/mL).Correlation analysis via redundancy analysis(RDA)and network analysis among virioplankton,bacterioplankton and environmental factors revealed that the abundances of viral and bacterial subpopulations depend on environmental *** winter,only temperature significantly influenced the abundances of virio-and *** summer,in addition to temperature,both salinity and nutrient(siO2)had a remarkable impact on the distribution of virioand *** results showed a clear seasonal and trophic pattern throughout the whole water system,which revealed that temperature and eutrophication may play crucial roles in microbial distribution pattern.

关键词： virioplankton bacterioplankton flow cytometry network Bohai sea

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1.3~1.55μm GAInNAssb Lasers

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 313-314页

作者： james s. Harris solid state and Photonics Lab Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-4075

The realization of long wavelength lasers on GaAs provides the opportunity to produce both much lower cost vertical cavity lasers and high power lasers. Results of work on the GaInNAssb system to realize such lasers a... 详细信息

关键词： GaAs very as In that m GAInNAssb Lasers been from for of in with sb

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Large-scale forest inventories of the United states and China reveal positive effects of biodiversity on productivity

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第4期2卷 272-287页

作者： james V Watson Jingjing Liang Patrick C Tobin Xiangdong Lei james s Rentch Catherine E Artis davis College of Agriculture Natural Resources and DesignWest Virginia University Forest service U.S.Department of AgricultureNorthern Research Station school of Environmental and Forest sciences University of Washington Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of Forestry

Background： With the loss of species worldwide due to anthropogenic factors, especially in forested ecosystems, it has become more urgent than ever to understand the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship （BEFR）. BEFR research in forested ecosystems is very limited and thus studies that incorporate greater geographic coverage and structural complexity are needed. Methods： We compiled ground-measured data from approx, one half million forest inventory sample plots across the contiguous United states, Alaska, and northeastern China to map tree species richness, forest stocking, and productivity at a continental scale. Based on these data, we investigated the relationship between forest productivity and tree species diversity, using a multiple regression analysis and a non-parametric approach to account for spatial autocorrelation. Results： In general, forests in the eastern United states consisted of more tree species than any other regions in the country. The highest forest stocking values over the entire study area were concentrated in the western United states and Central Appalachia. Overall, 96.4 % of sample plots （477,281） showed a significant positive effect of species richness on site productivity, and only 3.6 % （17,349） had an insignificant or negative effect. Conclusions： The large number of ground-measured plots, as well as the magnitude of geographic scale, rendered overwhelming evidence in support of a positive BEFR. This empirical evidence provides insights to forest management and biological conservation across different types of forested ecosystems. Forest timber productivity may be impaired by the loss of species in forests, and biological conservation, due to its potential benefits on maintaining species richness and productivity, can have profound impacts on the functioning and services of forested ecosystems.

关键词： Tree species diversity Forest management Biological conservation Continental map of forest diversity spatial autocorrelation Bootstrap

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Recent Advancements in Optical Harmonic Generation Microscopy: Applications and Perspectives

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2021年第1期2卷 65-88页

作者： Darian s.james Paul J.Campagnola Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison1550 Engineering DrMadisonWI 53706USA

second harmonic generation(sHG)and third harmonic generation(THG)microscopies have emerged as powerful imaging modalities to examine structural properties of a wide range of biological *** sHG and THG arise from very different contrast mechanisms,the two are complimentary and can often be collected simultaneously using a modified multiphoton *** this review,we discuss the needed instrumentation for these modalities as well as the underlying theoretical principles of sHG and THG in tissue and describe how these can be leveraged to extract unique structural *** provide an overview of recent advances showing how sHG microscopy has been used to evaluate collagen alterations in the extracellular matrix and how this has been used to advance our knowledge of cancers,fibroses,and the cornea,as well as in tissue engineering *** examples using polarization-resolved approaches and machine learning algorithms are ***,we review how THG has enabled developmental biology and skin cancer studies due to its sensitivity to changes in refractive index,which are ubiquitous in all cell and tissue ***,we offer perspectives and outlooks on future directions of sHG and THG microscopies and present unresolved questions,especially in terms of overall miniaturization and the development of microendoscopy instrumentation.

关键词： harmonic resolved directions

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Regulation of protein degradation pathways by amino acids and insulin in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 299-309页

作者： Agus suryawan Teresa A davis United states Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research service Children's Nutrition Research Center Department of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine

Background： The rapid gain in lean mass in neonates requires greater rates of protein synthesis than degradation. We previously delineated the molecular mechanisms by which insulin and amino acids, especially leucine, modulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis and how this changes with development. In the current study, we identified mechanisms involved in protein degradation regulation. In experiment 1,6- and 26-d-old pigs were studied during 1） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic, 2） euinsulinemic-euglycemiohyperaminoacidemic, and 3） hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps for 2 h. In experiment 2, 5-d-old pigs were studied during 1） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic-euleucinemic, 2） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-hypoaminoacidemic- hyperleucinemic, and 3） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic-hyperleucinemic clamps for 24 h. We determined in muscle indices of ubiquitin-proteasome, i.e., atrogin-1 （MAFbx） and muscle RING-finger protein-1 （MuRF1） and autophagy-lysosome systems, i.e., unc51-1ike kinase 1 （UKL1）, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 （Lamp-2）. For comparison, we measured ribosomal protein 56 （rps6） and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E （elF4E） activation, components of translation initiation. Results： Abundance of atrogin-1, but not MuRF1, was greater in 26- than 6-d-old pigs and was not affected by insulin, amino acids, or leucine. Abundance of ULK1 and LC3 was higher in younger pigs and not affected by treatment. The LC3-11/LC3-1 ratio was reduced and ULK1 phosphorylation increased by insulin, amino acids, and leucine. These responses were more profound in younger pigs. Abundance of Lamp-2 was not affected by treatment or development. Abundance of elF4E, but not rps6, was higher in 6- than 26-d-old-pigs but unaffected by treatment. Phosphorylation of elF4E was not affected by treatment, however, insulin, amino acids, and leucine stimulated rps6 phosphorylation, and the resp

关键词： Amino acids Autophagy Insulin Leucine Muscle Neonate Protein degradation Protein synthesis,swine Ubiquitin

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Long-term differences in urinary, bowel and sexual function among men treated with surgery versus radiation for prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第4期15卷 443-444页

作者： Justin D EHett james s Rosoff sandip M Prasad Department of Urology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC 29425 USA and section of Urology Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Charleston SC 29401 USA

surgery and radiation have both been shown to increase the longterm diseasespecific survival rate for men with din icaUy localized prostate cancer. Although both modalities have demonstrated favor able effects on cancer control, questions regarding quality of life （QoL） and func tional outcomes remain incompletely answered. To date, no randomized prospective trials have been performed comparing the two treatment modalities and so indirect compar isons of longterm functional outcomes have served as a substitute to aid in patient coun seling and decisionmaking. As there is a pau city of longterm data comparing functional outcomes after radical prostatectomy and external beam radiation therapy, a recent art icle by Resnick et al.,1 has attempted to pro vide additional information about this topic in terms of continence, erectile function and bowel function. Utilizing the Prostate Cancer Outcomes study cohort, a populationbased cohort of men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the pro statespecific antigen （PsA） era, the authors compared rates of urinary incontinence, erect ile dysfunction, and bowel urgency at 2, 5 and 15 years after primary therapy. They showed that men undergoing prostatectomy had higher rates of incontinence and erectile dys function at 2 and 5 years, but these rates were similar to those in the radiotherapy group at 15 years. More specifically, men were approxi mately five times more likely to have urinary continence issues if they underwent prostatec tomv versus radiotherapy and almost three anda half times more likely to develop erectile dys function in the short to intermediateterm following primary treatment. As expected, rates of bowel urgency were higher in the radio therapy group at 2 and 5 years, but not sig nificantly different from the surgery group at 15 years. In addition, the authors note that the rate of incontinence and erectile function pro gressively worsened over time, regardless of primary treatment modality. At 15 years of foll

关键词： Long-term bowel sexual function

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